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简介：Merging archaeology, material culture, and social history, historian Susan Kern reveals the fascinating story of Shadwell, the birthplace of Thomas Jefferson and home to his parents, Jane and Peter Jefferson, their eight children, and over sixty slaves. Located in present-day Albemarle County, Virginia, Shadwell was at the time considered "the frontier." However, Kern demonstrates that Shadwell was no crude log cabin; it was, in fact, a well-appointed gentry house full of fashionable goods, located at the center of a substantial plantation. Kern鈥檚 scholarship offers new views of the family鈥檚 role in settling Virginia as well as new perspectives on Thomas Jefferson himself. By examining a variety of sources, including account books, diaries, and letters, Kern re-creates in rich detail the daily lives of the Jeffersons at Shadwell-from Jane Jefferson鈥檚 cultivation of a learned and cultured household to Peter Jefferson鈥檚 extensive business network and oversight of a thriving plantation. Shadwell was Thomas Jefferson鈥檚 patrimony, but Kern asserts that his real legacy there came from his parents, who cultivated the strong social connections that would later open doors for their children. At Shadwell, Jefferson learned the importance of fostering relationships with slaves, laborers, and powerful office holders, as well as the hierarchical structure of large plantations, which he later applied at Monticello.

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简介：This is an unusual and challenging study of the 芒聙~inner world' of the Virginia gentry during Jefferson's lifetime. It argues that, in the years after the Revolution, the gentry turned away from public life into the privacy of their homes and families. A new, sentimental religion agreed that the world was filled with woe and advised detachment from it in preparation for a better one to come. Notions of success, likewise, offered little cheer, as men and women reluctantly accepted the individualistic proposition that their destinies were in their own hands. Neither religion nor success assured earthly happiness; instead, Virginians sought their salvation in love. There, in the family and in feeling, men and women broke through the eighteenth-century's emotional restraint to pursue, but not always to find, the happiness they believed awaited them.

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简介：Analyzing public and private power, Galbraith presents three categories of public power. From the feudalistic reliance by kings, barons, gentry and priests on condign or punishing power, he traces the historical emergence of industrial capitalism with its greater reliance on compensatory and conditioned power. His analysis of Adam Smith's celebration of the free marketplace exposes the ultimate subversion of true laissez-faire by the faceless organization men who manage today's multinationals. Galbraith's own concept of "countervailing power," holds reassuring promises until his closing admonition that the organized power we find concentrated in the military is not met by a countervailing power while citizens remain innocent of the degree to which their minds have been conditioned by a subtly diversionary culture. ISBN 0-395-34400-X :

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简介： First published in 1924, this?unique title?provides an extremely valuable?early Twentieth?Century perspective on Jane Austen,?offering analysis from both sides of the channel.?The?book includes?both a translated study?of Jane Austen by French academic Léonie Villard, and a study by influential biographer and critic, R. Brimley Johnson. Johnson's study, made with particular reference to the unpublished epistolary?novel, Love and Friendship,?seeks to redress the balance of contemporary criticism of Austen, challenging the established links between?Austen and?Nineteenth Century realism, and suggesting instead that her work owes a great deal to the conventions of romance. He also demonstrates how her art transformed from the parody of Nothanger Abbeyto the portraiture of the later novels. Léonie Villard's ambitious work analyses a variety of topics relating to Austen's work, including women and marriage, psychology, satire, the gentry and the lasting value and scope of the novels. All in all, a very engaging, informative and insightful reissue.

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简介：In this classic study (1977), James Hayes examines local leadership in six villages and townships in Hong Kong's rural New Territories during the late Qing. Drawing on a wealth of documentary sources and on fieldwork carried out while serving as a district officer, Hayes makes a powerful argument for the part played by ordinary men — peasants and shopkeepers — in running their own communities almost without interference from either the gentry or state officials. This new edition has a substantial new introduction by the author which reviews the research in the light of later scholarly studies First published in 1977, The Hong Kong Region is a historical reconstruction of village and township society in Hong Kong's New Territories between 1850 and 1911. In a detailed study drawing on documentary sources and intensive fieldwork, James Hayes argues for the part taken by ordinary peasants and shopkeepers in running their own communities. It was they who dealt virtually unaided with routine administration of local affairs and with every form of disaster, natural or man-made, that visited their communities. The gentry and imperial bureaucracy, in contrast, played almost no role. In a substantial new introduction written for this Echoes reprint, James Hayes reviews the research behind The Hong Kong Region and assesses its wider implications for our understanding of traditional Chinese society in the light of later scholarly studies.

Collection of ink calligraphy and painting of early Taiwan gentry

作者：  庄芳荣主编

出版社：台北市文献委员会,[2010](民国99年)

简介：99年5月於臺北市立社會教育館辦理「台灣先賢丹青書畫展」展出作品之圖錄。

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简介：Summary: Publisher Summary 1 Z眉rcher (East Asian history emeritus, Leiden U., the Netherlands) describes the formation of gentry Buddhism and the amalgamation of Buddhism with the main trends of medieval thought, more from the perspective of Chinese history than the history of Buddhism. When it was originally published in 1959, it was the first attempt in a Western language to describe the rise of Buddhism in China. A 1972 second edition included printed Chinese characters, but what is now known to have been a transitional printing technology did not allow much other revision. That second edition is reprinted here as the classic articulation of the foundation of what has now become a thriving academic discipline. Annotation 漏2007 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)  

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简介：Summary: Publisher Summary 1 The Ming dynasty (1368-1644) is often considered the high point of autocracy in Chinese history, says Schneewind (history, U. of California-San Diego), and in order to show the nature of that autocracy in relation to society, she examines one centrally mandated local institution. She explains how the community school was neither an independent local institution, nor merely an instrument of imperial control, but was sponsored, debated, and manipulated by emperors, central and local officials, and gentry and commoners all over the empire. Annotation 漏2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)   Publisher Summary 2 According to imperial edict in pre-modern China, an elementary school was to be established in every village in the empire for any boy to attend. This book looks at how the schools worked, how they changed over time, and who promoted them and why. Over the course of the Ming period (1368-1644), schools were sponsored first by the emperor, then by the central bureaucracy, then by local officials, and finally by the people themselves. The changing uses of schools helps us to understand how the Ming state related to society over the course of nearly 300 years, and what they can show us about community and political debates then and now.   Publisher Summary 3 Through a case study of one imperial institution, the community school, this book examines the primary sources we use to study it, the role it has played in debates over history and politics, and the nature of the Ming state.  

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简介：When the Taiping Rebellion gathered momentum in its first few years, Zeng Guofan, a scholar, member of the gentry, and Chinese imperial official, is called upon to serve hiscountry beyond the tradition of scholarship, into the sphere of military organization for 12 years. He raised the Hunan army in 1852 to organize resistance to the revolt.

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简介：From the mid-seventeenth century to the 1830s, successful gentry capitalists created an extensive business empire centered on slavery in the West Indies, but inter-linked with North America, Africa, and Europe. S. D. Smith examines the formation of this British Atlantic World from the perspective of Yorkshire aristocratic families who invested in the West Indies. At the heart of the book lies a case study of the plantation-owning Lascelles and the commercial and cultural network they created with their associates. The Lascelles exhibited high levels of business innovation and were accomplished risk-takers, overcoming daunting obstacles to make fortunes out of the New World. Dr Smith shows how the family raised themselves first to super-merchant status and then to aristocratic pre-eminence. He also explores the tragic consequences for enslaved Africans with chapters devoted to the slave populations and interracial relations. This widely researched book sheds new light on the networks and the culture of imperialism.

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简介：Summary: Publisher Summary 1 Focusing on the city of Suzhou, in the lower Yangzi region, Chao (history, Middle Tennessee State U.) explores the world of medicine in late imperial China (1600-1850). She examines the socioeconomic and cultural developments that shaped the practice of medicine, such as the way that the increasing competitiveness of the civil service exams, which caused many failed candidates to turn to medicine, and the rise of the number of clientele in the form of affluent merchants and gentry led to an increased competition over the qualifications of the ideal physician; the role of the state in the process of legitimation of Chinese medicine; and social networking between physicians and literati. Annotation 漏2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)  

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简介：In 17th and 18th century China, Buddhists and Confucians alike flooded local Buddhist monasteries with donations As gentry numbers grew faster than the imperial bureaucracy, traditional Confucian careers were closed to many; but visible philanthropy could publicize elite status outside the state realm. Actively sought by fund-raising abbots, such patronage affected institutional Buddhism. After exploring the relation of Buddhism to Ming Neo-Confucianism, the growth of tourism to Buddhist sites, and the mechanisms and motives for charitable donations, Timothy Brook studies three widely separated and economically dissimilar counties. He draws on rich data in monastic gazetteers to examine the patterns and social consequences of patronage.

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简介： Approaching its demise, the Ming imperial administration enlisted members of the Cheng family as mercenaries to help in the defense of the coastal waters of Fukien. Under the leadership of Cheng Chih-lung, also known as Nicolas Iquan, and with the help of the local gentry, these mercenaries became the backbone of the empire’s maritime defense and the protectors of Chinese commercial interests in the East and South China Seas.The fall of the Ming allowed Cheng Ch’eng-kung—alias Coxinga—and his sons to create a short-lived but independent seaborne regime in China’s southeastern coastal provinces that competed fiercely, if only briefly, with Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and English merchants during the early stages of globalization.

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简介："I am Meredith Gentry, P.I., solving cases in Los Angeles, far from the peril and deception of my real home - because I am also Princess Meredith, heir to the darkest throne faerie has to offer. The Unseelie Court infuses me with its power. But at what price does such magic come? How much of my human side will I have to give up, and how much of the sinister side of faerie will I have to embrace? To sit on a throne that has ruled through bloodshed and violence for centuries, I might have to become that which I dread the most." "Enemies watch my every move. My cousin Cel strives to have me killed even now from his prison cell. But not all the assassination attempts are his. Some Unseelie nobles have waited centuries for my aunt Andais, Queen of Air and Darkness, to become weak enough that she might be toppled from her throne. Enemies unforeseen move against us - enemies who would murder the least among us." "The threat will drive us to allow human police into faerie for the first time in our history. I need my allies now more than ever, especially since fate will lead me into the arms of Mistral, Master of Storms, the queen's new captain of her guard. Our passion will reawaken powers long forgotten among the warriors of the sidhe. Pain and pleasure await me - and danger, as well, for some at that court seek only death." "I will find new joys with the butterfly-winged demi-fey. My guards and I will show all of faerie that violence and sex are as popular among the sidhe as they are among the lesser fey of our court. The Darkness will weep, and Frost will comfort him. The gentlest of my guards will find new strength and break my heart. Passions undreamed of await us - and my enemies gather, for the future of both courts of faerie begins to unravel."--BOOK JACKET.

A Handful of Dust一掬尘土

作者：  Evelyn Waugh　著

出版社：Penguin 2000年12月

简介：A HANDFUL OF DUST satirizes that stratum of English life where all the characters have money, but lack practically every other credential. Murderously urbane, it depicts the breakup of a marriage in the London gentry, where the errant wife suffers from terminal boredom and becomes enamored of a social parasite and professional lunch-goer.

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简介：This title involves left-wing academics, right-wing capitalists, true-blue country gentry, workers, peasants, police and lawyers.

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简介：Summary: Publisher Summary 1 Originally published in 1966, this study of social mobility among the upper classes of a Chinese county recounts the life histories of its residents and examines the methods by which individuals created pathways for advancement. The work presents a discussion of the unique characteristics of societies that have both fixed and mobile elites and provides a clear framework for analyzing social mobility data in other settings. Chow was a professor of sociology at Morehead College. Annotation 漏2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)   Publisher Summary 2 This authoritative volume鈥攁 large-scale empirical work comparable to Pitirim Sorokin's Social Mobility鈥攊s a penetrating and comprehensive study of social stratification and mobility in traditional Chinese society and a highly significant addition to the theoretical and factual foundations of contemporary social science. It offers an authentic portrayal not only of social mobility but of social life in China in general at the time of its original publication in the 1960s. It includes the life histories of the upper class鈥攕cholars, active and retired officials, merchants, and wealthy landlords鈥攁nd an analysis of social statistics drawn from one Chinese county, which provides new interpretations of the processes of social mobility, the relationship of this class to society as a whole, and the motives of upwardly mobile individuals. Each life history comprises at least five generations and its resulting accounts touch upon the lives of 1,200 persons, and help place the development of the gentry in illuminating context within the population as a whole.Chow's book offers a welcome method of comparison of two societies that have both birth and mobile elites. As China entered the world system, its open class system changed from fluidity to disorganiation regarding its character. As such it was transformed into an innovating society in which the earlier system could not, or did not, work. Social Mobility in Traditional Chinese Societyis unique in its field for the successful correlation of conceptual framework with its detailed wealth of empirical findings. It will be welcomed by all students of social science, international relations, and Asian studies.  

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简介："In a brisk revisionist history, William Rowe challenges the standard narrative of Qing China as a decadent, inward-looking state that failed to keep pace with the modern West. The Great Qing was the second major Chinese empire ruled by foreigners. Three strong Manchu emperors worked diligently to secure an alliance with the conquered Ming gentry, though many of their social edicts—especially the requirement that ethnic Han men wear queues—were fiercely resisted. As advocates of a “universal” empire, Qing rulers also achieved an enormous expansion of the Chinese realm over the course of three centuries, including the conquest and incorporation of Turkic and Tibetan peoples in the west, vast migration into the southwest, and the colonization of Taiwan. Despite this geographic range and the accompanying social and economic complexity, the Qing ideal of “small government” worked well when outside threats were minimal. But the nineteenth-century Opium Wars forced China to become a player in a predatory international contest involving Western powers, while the devastating uprisings of the Taiping and Boxer rebellions signaled an urgent need for internal reform. Comprehensive state-mandated changes during the early twentieth century were not enough to hold back the nationalist tide of 1911, but they provided a new foundation for the Republican and Communist states that would follow. This original, thought-provoking history of China’s last empire is a must-read for understanding the challenges facing China today."--from books.google.com.

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简介：From Philosophy to Philology is an indispensable work on the intellectual life of China’s literati in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. While there was not a scientific revolution in China, there was an intellectual one. The shock of the Manchu conquest and the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644 led to a rejection of the moral self-cultivation that dominated intellectual life under the Ming. China’s scholars, particularly in the Yangzi River Basin, sought to restore China’s greatness by recapturing the wisdom of the ancients from the Warring States period (403–221 B.C.) and the Former Han dynasty (202 B.C.–9 A.D.), much as Renaissance Europe rediscovered the Greeks and Romans. But in China scholars faced the daunting task of determining which of many editions of the Classics were the true originals and which were forged additions of later centuries. The ensuing search for authentic texts led to the founding of academies and libraries, the compiling of bibliographies, the rise of printing of editions of the Classics and Histories and commentaries on their components, the study of ancient inscriptions, and a two-hundred-year effort to discover and discard forged texts. In the process rigorous standards of scholarly training were adopted, and scholarship became a full-time profession distinct from gentry farmers or imperial officials.

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简介：Today, global land use is affected by a variety of factors, including urbanization and the growing interconnectedness of economies and markets. This book examines the challenges and opportunities we face in achieving sustainable land use in the twenty-first century. While land resources remain finite, the global population is projected to reach ten billion by the end of the century, bringing issues of ethics and fairness to center stage. Who should decide how land is used? Where does competition for land occur, and why? Moreover, accelerating globalization, increasing demand for animal protein in our diets, the need for new sources of energy, and the global scarcity of land have led to a decoupling of land use and local control, which raises issues of governance. The contributors, from a range of disciplines and countries, present new analytical perspectives and tools for understanding key issues in global land use. The chapters consider such topics as food production and land use; case studies of urbanization and agriculture in Brazil and China; telecoupling and connections to distant places; emerging institutions of land-use governance; public and private regulation of land use; uniquely urban issues of land use; and future steps to sustainability. ContributorsGraeme Auld, Anthony J. Bebbington, Tor A. Benjaminsen, Hilda Blanco, Christopher G. Boone, Saturnino M. Borras, Jr., Wang Chunyu, Ruth DeFries, Xiangzheng Deng, Hallie Eakin, Jennifer C. Franco, Bradford S. Gentry, Peter J. Gregory, Dagmar Haase, Helmut Haberl, Vanessa Hull, Carol A. Hunsberger, John S. I. Ingram, Elena G. Irwin, Anne-Marie Izac, Suzi Kerr, Jennifer Koch, Tobias Kuemmerle, Eric F. Lambin, Yingzhi Lin, Jianguo Liu, Shuaib Lwasa, Peter J. Marcotullio, Matias E. Margulis, Cheikh Mbow, Ole Mertz, Peter Messerli, Patrick Meyfroidt, Emilio Moran, Harini Nagendra, Stephan Pauleit, Steward T. A. Pickett, Tobias Plieninger, Charles L. Redman, Anette Reenberg, Ximena Rueda, Heike Schroeder, Karen C. Seto, Thomas Sikor, Simon R. Swaffield, Billie Lee Turner II, Caroline Upton, Birka Wicke, Makoto Yokohari, Karl Zimmerer