简介
In 17th and 18th century China, Buddhists and Confucians alike flooded local Buddhist monasteries with donations As gentry numbers grew faster than the imperial bureaucracy, traditional Confucian careers were closed to many; but visible philanthropy could publicize elite status outside the state realm. Actively sought by fund-raising abbots, such patronage affected institutional Buddhism. After exploring the relation of Buddhism to Ming Neo-Confucianism, the growth of tourism to Buddhist sites, and the mechanisms and motives for charitable donations, Timothy Brook studies three widely separated and economically dissimilar counties. He draws on rich data in monastic gazetteers to examine the patterns and social consequences of patronage.
目录
List of Tables
List of Maps
List of Figures
Preface
Translation Conventions
Introduction: Monastic Patronage and the Gentry: The Problem
The Historiography of Gentry Studies
Buddhism and the Gentry
Gentry Society and the Public Sphere
The Changing Social Context of the Buddhist Monastery
Part 1 The Culture of Buddhism
The Passionate Life of Zhang Dai
Like a Lid to a Box, Like Ice to Ash: Accommodating Buddhism
The Relationship of Buddhism to Neo-Confucianism
The Neo-Confucian Absorption
The Neo-Confucian Reaction
Accommodation
Holding a Cup of New Tea and Listening to Sutras: Buddhism in Gentry Culture
Assessing Buddhism's Presence in Gentry Society
Buddhist Observances and Rituals
The Organization of Lay Associations
Tourism and Cultural Pursuits
Gentry Uses of Monastic Space
Gentry Becoming Monks
Part 2 Monastic Patronage
The Patrons of Dinghu Mountain
How the Gentry Patronized Monasteries
Financial Patronage
The Acquisition of Land
Gentry Supervision of Monastic Affairs
Literary Patronage
Temporal Trends of Patronage
Why the Gentry Patronized Monasteries
Gender-Based Patronage
Kinship-Based Patronage
Religious Appeals
Social Appeals
Cultural Appeals
Social Networks
Publicizing Gentry Identity
Merchant Philanthropy in Contrast
Part 3 Patronage in Context
The Patronage of Gentry in a Small County: Zhucheng County, Shandong
Zhucheng Environment and Social Structure
The Zhucheng Gentry
Zhucheng Religious Institutions
Zhucheng Monastic Patronage
The Patronage of Gentry in a Large County: Yin County (Ningbo), Zhejiang
Yin Environment and Social Structure
Yin Religious Institutions
The Great Monasteries of Yin
The Yin Gentry
Buddhism and the Yin Gentry
Yin Monastic Patronage
Patronage and the County Magistrate: Dangyang County, Hubei
Buddhist Patronage and the State
Dangyang Environment and Social Structure
Dangyang Religious Institutions
Buddhism and the Dangyang Gentry
The Patronage of Yuquan Monastery
Gentry Patronage and the Magistrate
Conclusion: The Separation of State and Society
The Ideal of Withdrawal in the Late Ming
Buddhism and the Late-Ming Gentry
The Late Ming and the Late Song
The Late Ming and the Late Qing
Notes
Bibliography
Index
List of Maps
List of Figures
Preface
Translation Conventions
Introduction: Monastic Patronage and the Gentry: The Problem
The Historiography of Gentry Studies
Buddhism and the Gentry
Gentry Society and the Public Sphere
The Changing Social Context of the Buddhist Monastery
Part 1 The Culture of Buddhism
The Passionate Life of Zhang Dai
Like a Lid to a Box, Like Ice to Ash: Accommodating Buddhism
The Relationship of Buddhism to Neo-Confucianism
The Neo-Confucian Absorption
The Neo-Confucian Reaction
Accommodation
Holding a Cup of New Tea and Listening to Sutras: Buddhism in Gentry Culture
Assessing Buddhism's Presence in Gentry Society
Buddhist Observances and Rituals
The Organization of Lay Associations
Tourism and Cultural Pursuits
Gentry Uses of Monastic Space
Gentry Becoming Monks
Part 2 Monastic Patronage
The Patrons of Dinghu Mountain
How the Gentry Patronized Monasteries
Financial Patronage
The Acquisition of Land
Gentry Supervision of Monastic Affairs
Literary Patronage
Temporal Trends of Patronage
Why the Gentry Patronized Monasteries
Gender-Based Patronage
Kinship-Based Patronage
Religious Appeals
Social Appeals
Cultural Appeals
Social Networks
Publicizing Gentry Identity
Merchant Philanthropy in Contrast
Part 3 Patronage in Context
The Patronage of Gentry in a Small County: Zhucheng County, Shandong
Zhucheng Environment and Social Structure
The Zhucheng Gentry
Zhucheng Religious Institutions
Zhucheng Monastic Patronage
The Patronage of Gentry in a Large County: Yin County (Ningbo), Zhejiang
Yin Environment and Social Structure
Yin Religious Institutions
The Great Monasteries of Yin
The Yin Gentry
Buddhism and the Yin Gentry
Yin Monastic Patronage
Patronage and the County Magistrate: Dangyang County, Hubei
Buddhist Patronage and the State
Dangyang Environment and Social Structure
Dangyang Religious Institutions
Buddhism and the Dangyang Gentry
The Patronage of Yuquan Monastery
Gentry Patronage and the Magistrate
Conclusion: The Separation of State and Society
The Ideal of Withdrawal in the Late Ming
Buddhism and the Late-Ming Gentry
The Late Ming and the Late Song
The Late Ming and the Late Qing
Notes
Bibliography
Index
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