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简介:STAND OUT foi feito para ser utilizado com adultos iniciantes, ensina os principios b sicos para uma boa comunica o no trabalho, no dia a dia ou em casa. DESCRI ! O: Integra desenvolvimento da linguagem, atividades com projetos reais, f ceis de utilizar. Foco do udio tape est nas atividades de listening, di logos e exercicios de pronuncia. Oferece exercicios suplementares, pr ticas de vocabul rio e contexto gramatical. Contem Exam View Test Bank CD-ROM oferece atividades reproduziveis .Site na Internet serve como refor o para os alunos e contam com sugest es, para professores, de atividades para sala.
作者: (美)罗伯特·J. 巴罗(Robert J. Barro), (美)夏威尔·萨拉-伊-马丁(Xavier Sala-i-Martin)著;夏俊译
出版社:格致出版社[等],2010
简介: 本书是世界上第一本专论经济增 长的教材。自面世起,本书即成为 了经济增长领域的经典教材和必备 工具书。本书对迄今为止所有重要 的增长模型做了系统梳理和介绍, 呈现了一部现代经济增长理论的发 展史。在这本人们期待已久的第二 版中,作者完成了重大修订,纳入 了最新的研究成果,对增长模型和 经验数据之间的关系给予了更多的 关注。
Global competitiveness report 2007-2008
出版社:经济管理出版社,2009
简介: 经过近30年的努力,《全球竞争力报告》已经成为全球最全面和最具权威性的世界各国竞争力评价报告,为实现持续的经济发展和长期的繁荣所必需的政策、制度和要素提供了有价值的观点和宝贵的经验。 作为世界级学术权威和一个全球性的研究机构网络的合作成果,《全球竞争力报告》为读者提供了有关诸多国家和地区的大量竞争力指标的一套比较全面的数据。《全球竞争力报告》(2007~2008)包含了131个经济体的数据,这些经济体占世界GDP的98%。这些数据包括出自主要国际机构的信息,以及由世界经济论坛每年进行的高管意见调查的结果。该调查反映了131个经济体的几千名企业领导人对与国家竞争力有关的诸多问题的认识,比如国家制度、企业环境、宏观经济形势、健康、教育和基础设施等的状况,以及其他领域的问题。 《全球竞争力报告》(2007~2008)分为三个主题部分:第一部分以、世界经济论坛的竞争力指数为其特色,包括哥伦比亚大学的泽维尔·萨拉-艾·马丁教授提出的全球竞争力指数和哈佛商学院战略与竞争力研究所的迈克尔·E.波特教授提出的企业竞争力指数;第二部分展示了本报告所覆盖的131个经济体的详细情况,主要突出各个经济体的竞争优势与劣势;第三部分包括详尽的数据表格,显示了各个经济体在100多个指标上的相对排名。 《全球竞争力报告》(2007~2008)是政策制定者、产业领导人、学术机构和社会团体代表鉴别对实现经济增长的最佳实践构成障碍因素的重要工具,也是鉴别实现经济发展的最佳实践的重要工具。
Globalisation, development and transition : conversations with eminent economists /
作者: by Brian Snowdon
简介:Summary: Publisher Summary 1 This volume by Snowdon (economics and international business, Northumbria U., UK) is really two books in one. The first is an explanatory survey of the major global economic issues--the causes and consequences of increasing international economic integration and globalization, long-run economic growth and development, the rise and fall of the socialist economies, and the problems of transition to capitalism--that is characterized by an emphasis on the importance of economic history. The second revisits these themes within interviews with prominent economists including Daron Acemoglu, Alberto Alesina, Padma Desai, William Easterly, Stanley Fischer, J谩nos Kornai, Michael Porter, Dani Rodrix, Jeffrey Sachs, Xavier Sala-i-Martin, and Jeffrey Willamson. Annotation 漏2008 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
作者: Robert J. Barro, Xavier Sala-i-Martin.
简介:"This graduate level text on economic growth surveys neoclassical and more recent growth theories, stressing their empirical implications and the relation of theory todata and evidence. The authors have undertaken a major revision for the long-awaited second edition of this widely used text, the first modern textbook devoted to growth theory. The book has been expanded in many areas and incorporates the latest research."--BOOK JACKET
作者: A. Bayes de Luna,M. Fiol-Sala原著;胡大一主译
出版社:人民卫生出版社,2010
简介:本书由布莱克威尔公司出版。主编Antoni教授是一位享誉全球的心电图医师及临床心脏病学专家,具有丰富的心电图教学经验,他总结自己独特的教学方法并整理撰写成本书。最近几年已经证明可靠的心电图再评估能作为不同心脏病危险分层和预后的重要依据。体表心电图的应用对所有类型的心脏病都很重要,对缺血性心脏病(IHD)更重要,有助于临床医生对疾病进行危险分层,以作出最佳的治疗决定。本书是对《基础心电图》(我社2008年翻译出版)的进一步完善,着重阐述了在临床工作中最常见的心血管疾病--缺血性心脏病的各种类型在体表心电图上的变化,结合心电向量图,探讨了心肌缺血、损伤、坏死的电生理机制,并将相应心电图改变与临床和影像学技术相对比,最后对各类缺血性心脏病做了预后评估,从而突出了传统心电图独特又经济的实用性。本书最重要和最新的特点是不仅与冠脉造影做了大量的对比,而且与超声心动图、同位素和新的影像技术特别是心脏磁共振(CMR)以及一些冠脉多层计算机成像(CMDCT)做了对比。所有这些关联性提供給读者大量重要的新信息。目前,国内外尚没有类似专著;适合临床医生,特别是心血管医生学习和培训使用。
Methods in ecosystem science /
作者: edited by Osvaldo E. Sala, Rogert B. Jackson, Harold A. Mooney and Robert W. Howarth.
简介:Summary: Publisher Summary 1 A comprehensive treatment of techniques used in the rapidly-growing field of ecosystem science and management, structured so as to present methods, results, potential problems, and limitations of the techniques. Publisher Summary 2 Ecology at the ecosystem level has both necessitated and benefited from new methods and technologies as well as those adapted from other disciplines. With the ascendancy of ecosystem science and management, the need has arisen for a comprehensive treatment of techniques used in this rapidly-growing field. Methods in Ecosystem Science answers that need by synthesizing the advantages, disadvantages and tradeoffs associated with the most commonly used techniques in both aquatic and terrestrial research.The book is divided into sections addressing carbon and energy dynamics, nutrient and water dynamics, manipulative ecosystem experiements and tools to synthesize our understanding of ecosystems. Detailed information about various methods will help researchers choose the most appropriate methods for their particular studies. Prominent scientists discuss how tools from a variety of disciplines can be used in ecosystem science at different scales.
作者: 平凡编
出版社:金城出版社,2002
简介: 生活对于任何一个男女都非易事,我们必须有坚韧不拔的精神,最要紧的,还是我们自己要有信心。我们必须相信,我们对第五件事都是有天赋的才能,并且,无论付出任何代价,都要氢这件事完成。
Technological choice、wage inequality and economic development
作者: 潘士远著
出版社:浙江大学出版社,2009
简介: 第二次世界大战之后,为什么除了东亚极少数的几个国家 和地区之外,绝大多数发展中国家和地区并没有能够缩小与发 达国家的人均收入差距?这主要根源于发展中国家错误地推行 了赶超战略,鼓励企业引进或者模仿当时的世界前沿技术。本 书试图从技术选择的角度切入构建模型来研究发展战略与经济 发展的关系。 本书首先通过简要评述经济发展理论来梳理出其发展脉 络,勾勒出人们对政府在经济发展中的作用的认识的演变过程, 并在此基础上提出本书需要研究的问题。文献分析表明,虽然 许多经济发展理论试图解释为什么只有东亚少数几个经济体缩 小了与发达国家的差距的现象,但都没有一个统一的框架。林 毅夫教授等提出了一个富有创造性的理论,在统一的框架内解 释了这一现象。但是,他们的理论并没有很好地模型化。因此, 本书的第2章、第3章和第4章想就模型化林毅夫教授等提出 的理论作出初步的尝试。 第2章假设经济中只有一种产品,但有无数种不同的生产 技术。基于这一假设,这一章在技术选择模型的统一框架内研 究发展战略与自生能力、三位一体经济体制之间的关系,在此基 础上,研究发展战略、三位一体经济体制对经济收敛的影响。研 究表明,一个经济的最优技术结构是由其要素禀赋结构所内生 决定的。因为发展中国家劳动力相对丰富,资本相对稀缺,所以 如果其实施赶超战略,选择资本密集型技术,那么这些资本密集 型企业没有自生能力。因此,为了保护这些不具备自生能力的 企业,内在地要求形成一套三位一体的经济体制,即扭曲的宏观 价格体系、资源的计划配置制度以及没有自主权的微观经营机制。三位 一体的经济体制导致了资源配置不当、微观激励不足等后果。这样,发展 中国家的经济发展缓慢,收敛的目标不能实现。 一个国家总体的技术水平决定这一国家的总体经济发展水平,知识 吸收能力的大小决定了发展中国家利用发达国家技术的效率。第3章和 第4章分别在扩展Barro and Sala-i-Martin(1997)的模型和Acemoglu (2003)的模型基础上,构建了两个不同但联系紧密的模型来研究技术选 择对知识吸收能力和经济增长的影响。研究结论表明,因为模仿技术的 成本小于发明技术的成本,所以发展中国家可以通过模仿适宜技术而 获得比发达国家快的经济增长,最终实现收敛,成为新的发达国家。但 是,如果不模仿适宜技术而总是模仿当时的世界前沿技术,那么发展中 国家的知识吸收能力会逐渐下降而趋于零,人均收入水平与发达国家 的差距会越来越大。这两章的创新之处有:第一,与Barro and Sala-i- Martin(1997)和Acemoglu(2003)的不同,把知识吸收能力看做是一个 内生变量,从而研究技术选择对知识吸收能力和经济增长的影响;第 二,与Barro and Sala-i-Martin(1997)的不同,把劳动力分类为熟练劳动 力和非熟练劳动力,得出更为丰富和有趣的结论。 许多经验研究表明,近十几年,大部分的发达国家和发展中国家的 工资不平等在逐渐上升。本书试图在Acemoglu(2003)的模型基础上, 构建两个考虑技术进步方向的内生经济增长模型来研究有偏的学习效 应和专利制度对工资不平等的影响。虽然第4章、第5章和第6章的 模型都是基于Acemoglu(2003),但研究的侧重点不同,第4章研究技 术选择和经济收敛的问题,而第5章和第6章则主要关注技术进步方 向和工资不平等的问题。 第5章构建了一个模型来研究贸易自由化对熟练劳动力与非熟练劳 动力工资不平等的影响,从而解释发展中国家工资不平等之谜。在贸易 自由化之后,发展中国家接触和学习到相对多的与熟练劳动力匹配的技 术知识,因此,和生产与非熟练劳动力匹配的技术知识相比,生产与熟练 劳动力匹配的技术知识的生产力水平上升相对较多。也就是说,学习效 应是有偏的。因为技术知识的生产是熟练劳动力密集型的,所以学习效 应会导致对熟练劳动力需求的增加,扩大工资不平等。同时,有偏的学习 效应会使技术进步更偏向于技能密集型,从而进一步导致对熟练劳动力 需求的增加,扩大工资不平等。 在第6章中,专利被分类为技能密集型产业的技术专利和劳动密集 型产业的技术专利,它们分别与熟练劳动力和非熟练劳动力匹配。研究 结论表明,这两类专利的最优宽度都是有限的,且受到劳动力禀赋结构的 影响。当非熟练劳动力多于(少于)熟练劳动力时,劳动密集型产业的技 术专利宽度宽于(窄于)技能密集型产业的技术专利。同时,研究结论也 表明,劳动力禀赋结构可以通过影响最优专利制度来影响技术进步方向, 从而对熟练劳动力与非熟练劳动力之间的工资不平等产生影响。
Global biodiversity in a changing environment : scenarios for the 21st century /
作者: F. Stuart Chapin III, Osvaldo E. Sala, Elisabeth Huber-Sannwald, editors.
简介:Summary: Publisher Summary 1 The scientific community has voiced two general concerns about the future of the earth. Firstly, climatologists and oceanographers have focused on the changes in our physical environment, ie climate, oceans, and air. And secondly, environmental biologists have addressed issues of conservation and the extinction of species. There is increasing evidence that these two broad concerns are intertwined and mutually dependent. Past changes in biodiversity have both responded to and caused changes in the earths environment. In its discussions of ten key terrestrial biomes and freshwater ecosystems, this volume uses our broad understanding of global environmental change to present the first comprehensive scenarios of biodiversity for the twenty-first century. Combining physical earth science with conservation biology, the book provides a starting-point for regional assessments on all scales. The book will be of interest to those concerned with guiding research on the changing environment of the earth and with planning future policy, especially in accordance with the Global Biodiversity Convention. Publisher Summary 2 This book presents the first comprehensive scenarios of biodiversity for the earth's major terrestrial biomes and freshwater ecosystems in the twenty-first century. The editors combine physical science and conservation biology, assessing the response of biodiversity to variations in land use, climate, the oceans, and the chemistry of the air we breathe. Future Scenarios of Global Biodiversity will be of interest to all those concerned with guiding research on the changing environment of the earth and with planning future policy, especially in accordance with the Global Biodiversity Convention.
简介:Preface / M. M. Novak -- Selected topics in mathematics, physics, and finance originating in fractal geometry / B. B. Mandelbrot -- A renewal process of Mittag-Leffler type / F. Mainardi, R. Gorenflo and E. Scalas -- On the activity of absorbing irregular interfaces / J. S. Andrade,Jr., H. F. Da Silva, E. A. Henrique and B. Sapoval -- Fractal deformation using displacement vectors and their increasing rates based on extended unit iterated shuffle transformation / T. Fujimoto and N. Chiba -- Multifractal and stochastic analysis of electropolished surfaces / M. Haase, A. Mora and B. Lehle -- A method for numerical estimation of generalized Renyi dimensions of affine recurrent IFS invariant measures / T. Martyn -- Nonlinear dynamics and prediction of the Caspian sea level / N. G. Makarenko, L. M. Karimova, Y. B. Kuandykov and M. M. Novak-- Self-similarity in plants : integrating mathematical and biological perspectives / P. Prusinkiewicz -- Cognitive scale-free networks as a model for intermittencyin human natural language / P. Allegrini, P. Grigolini andL. Palatella -- The complexity of biological ageing / D. Stauffer -- Fitting curves by fractal interpolation : an application to the quantification of cognitive brain processes / M. A. Navascues and M. V. Sebastian -- Stochastic and regular components in forcing of solar large-scale structures / E. Tikhomolov -- Fast, efficient on-line simulation of self-similar processes / O. D. Jones-- Fractal geometry in the arts : an overview across the different cultures / N. Sala -- Fractal properties and characterization of road profiles / P. Legrand, J. Levy Vehel and M.-T. Do -- Fractal distributions of temperature,salinity and fluorescence in spring 2001-2002 in south SanFrancisco Bay / K. Fisher and W. Kimmerer -- Characterization of fractal structures through a Hausdorf measures based method / F. Nekka and J. Li -- Fractal scattering indicators for urban sound diffusion / P. W. Woloszyn -- Binomial multiplicative model of critical fragmentation / H. Katsuragi, D. Sugino and H. Honjo -- Study on the improved fractal interpolation surface of theattitude and surface of fault / H. Sun and H. Xie -- A deterministic power domain algorithm for fractal image decompression / N. Nikolaou, A. Kakos and V. Drakopoulos -- Comparative dynamical scaling analysis of quasi-2D electrodeposited silver patterns under localized and non-localized random quenched noise / M. A. Pasquale, S. L. Marchiano and A. J. Arvia -- Epidermal ridges : positionalinformation coded in an orientational field / M. B. Nguyen,V. Fleury and J.-F. Gouyet -- Multiscale principle components / A. Saucier -- Coexistence of doublon and dendrite structure with phase-field model / S. Tokunaga and H. Sakaguchi -- Fractality and fractal dimension in Mesoamerican pyramid analysis / G. Burkle-Elizondo, A. G. Fuentes-Larios and R. D. Valdez-Cepeda -- Morphological variety in crystal growth of mercury (II) chloride on agarslides / J. A. Betancourt-Mar and E. J. Suarez-Dominguez -- Fractal characteristics of Bainbridge Crater Lake sediment gray-scale intensity data documenting the frequency and intensity of holocene El Nino/southern oscillation events / N. A. Bryksina and W. M. Last -- Fractals and plant water use efficiency / A. Bari, G. Ayad,A. Martin, J. L. Gonzalez-Andujar, M. Nachit and I. Elouafi -- Need and feasibility of applying L-system models in agricultural crop modeling / L. Pachepsky, M. Kaul, Ch. Walthall, C. Daughtry and J. Lydon -- Fractal detection and avoidance using RS statistics and honeybee navigational skills in dynamic environments / R. L. Walker-- Signal and image processing with FracLab / J. Levy Vehel and P. Legrand
简介:Maria Sala introduced experimental and field-based studieson soil and fluvial processes in Spain during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Research on this broad topic has grown remarkably worldwide since then. This title shows some of these advances and documents the latest research, although with a particularity: it gives special treatment to research on Mediterranean climate regions, an ever-present issue in Maria Sala's research career. It containsthe latest research on slope and river processes with a special emphasis on rivers and catchments with a Mediterranean climate. Papers cover a gamut of topics describing research and applied studies, mainly in Spain, but also in Israel, the USA, Canada, the UK and New Zealand.
The book examines natural and anthropogenic processes operating in drainage basins and includes coverage of current experimental and fieldwork investigations on soil erosion, river and catchment hydrology, suspended sediment transport and bedload dynamics in gravel-bed rivers, and present-day diagnosis and future key-paths for catchment and river management. *Examines the natural and anthropogenic processes operatingin drainage basins and river channels, and covers current investigations on Process Geomorphology and Catchment Hydrology, including management issues * Topics covered include soil erosion, catchment hydrology, suspended sediment transport, bedload dynamics in gravel-bed rivers,and sediment yield * Emphasis is on the Mediterranean region.
简介:STAND OUT foi feito para ser utilizado com adultos iniciantes, ensina os principios b sicos para uma boa comunica o no trabalho, no dia a dia ou em casa. DESCRI ! O: Integra desenvolvimento da linguagem, atividades com projetos reais, f ceis de utilizar. Foco do udio tape est nas atividades de listening, di logos e exercicios de pronuncia. Oferece exercicios suplementares, pr ticas de vocabul rio e contexto gramatical. Contem Exam View Test Bank CD-ROM oferece atividades reproduziveis .Site na Internet serve como refor o para os alunos e contam com sugest es, para professores, de atividades para sala.
简介:The economy was booming. People had more money than they knew what to do with. And then the earthquake struck. For the characters in After the Quake, the Kobe earthquake is an echo from a past they buried long ago. Satsuki has spent thirty years hating one man: a lover who destroyed her chances of having children. Did her desire for revenge cause the earthquake? Junpei''s estranged parents live in Kobe. Should he contact them? Miyake left his family in Kobe to make midnight bonfires on a beach hundreds of miles away. Fourteen-year-old Sala has nightmares that the Earthquake Man is trying to stuff her inside a little box. Katagiri returns home to find a giant frog in his apartment on a mission to save Tokyo from a massive burrowing worm. ''When he gets angry, he causes earthquakes,'' says Frog. ''And right now he is very, very angry''. This new collection of stories, from one of the world''s greatest living writers, dissects the violence beneath the surface of modern Japan. 作者简介 Haruki Murakami was born in Kyoto in 1949.He met his wife,Yoko,at university and they openet a jazz club in Tokyo called Peter Cat.The massive success of his novel Norwegian Wood(1987)made him a ntional celebrity.He fled Japan and did not return until1995.His other books include Dance Dance Dance,Hare-boiled Wonderland and the End of the World,A Wild Sheep Cbase,The Wind-up Bird Chronicle,Underground,his first work of non-fiction,Sputnik Sweetheart,and Soutb of the Border,West of thd Sputnik Sweetheart,and soutb of the work of F.Scott Sun.He has translated into Japanese the work of F.Scott Fitzgerald,Truman Cppote,John Irving and Raymond Carver. Jay Rubin is a professor of Japanese literature at Harvartn University.He is the author of Haruki Murakami and the Music of Words and he has also translated Murakami''s Norwegian Wood and The Wind-up Bird Cbronicle.
简介:Never before has there appeared in English such a collection of essays concerning Alexander the Great's legacy in world literature. From Greek and Latin works of the Classical Period through Medieval texts in Syriac, Persian, Coptic, Arabic, Ethiopic and Hebrew, as well the European languages, the fourteen chapters cover the gamut of Alexander literary studies as compiled by some of the foremost scholars in each field, bringing the reader up-to-date on everything Alexander. These experts share their results after years of investigation in the field, and, in doing so, point the reader toward the essence of each of the myriad of Alexander romances, while at the same time including copious notes and bibliography to prepare the reader for his or her own Alexander journey.Contributors include: Richard Stoneman, Saskia D??nitz, Daniel Selden, Josef Wieseh??fer, David Ashurst, Laurence Harf-Lancner, Danielle Buschinger, Juan Pedro Monferrer Sala, Roberta Morosini, Maura Lafferty, Peter Kotar, David Zuwiyya
简介:Despite their common roots, international economics (IE) and international business (IB) have developed into two distinct fields of study. Economists have directed their efforts at formalizing the workings of international trade and investment at the macroeconomic level; business scholars have relied more on data-driven conceptual narratives than mathematical tools. But the recent focus of IE literature on firm heterogeneity suggests that IE would benefit from IB analyses of the behavior and organization of the internationalizing firm. The contributions to this volume investigate ways that insights from IB can enrich IE research in firm heterogeneity. The contributors discuss firm-specific advantages in international trade and investment, considering the firm as the unit of analysis and managerial inputs as a variable in market entry decisions; analyze interactions between a firm and its external environment, including local corporate philanthropy and institutional settings; examine the boundaries of the firm and organizational choices such as the make-or-buy decision; and investigate technology transfer and innovation offshoring, discussing the role of subsidiaries, inventor employment, and other related topics. Although IE and IB look at international firms from different perspectives, these contributions make it clear that there is a potential for a productive exchange of insights and information between the two disciplines. ContributorsLaura Abramovsky, Carlo Altomonte, Sjoerd Beugelsdijk, Bruce Blonigen, Pamela Bombarda, Steven Brakman, Julia Darby, Rodolphe Desbordes, Filippo Di Mauro, Maria Garcia-Vega, Harry Garretsen, Elena Huergo, Florian Mayneris, Quyen T. K. Nguyen, Verena Nowak, Cheyney O'Fallon, Gianmarco Ottaviano, Michael Pfluger, Filomena Pietrovito, Sandra Poncet, Alberto Franco Pozzolo, Alan M. Rugman, Armando Rungi, Stephan Russek, Davide Sala, Luca Salvatici, Christian Schwarz, Roger Smeets, Jens Suedekum, Hans van Ees, Vincent Vicard, Ian Wooton, Erdal Yalcin
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