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简介:Summary: Publisher Summary 1 The most comprehensive collection of its kind, Ethicsis organized into three sections, providing instructors with flexibility in designing and teaching a variety of courses in moral philosophy. Opening with Alasdair MacIntyre's discussion of the importance of the history of ethics, the first section, Historical Sources, moves from classical thought (Plato, Aristotle, Epicurus, and Epictetus) through medieval views (Augustine and Aquinas) to modern theories (Hobbes, Butler, Hume, Kant, Bentham, and Mill). It culminates with the religiosity of Kierkegaard, the pessimism of Schopenhauer, the nihilism of Nietzsche, the pragmatism of James and Dewey, and the existentialism of Camus and Sartre. The readings are reprinted in their entirety wherever possible. The second section, Modern Ethical Theory, begins with James Rachels' overview of recent developments, and includes many of the most important essays of the twentieth century. The discussion of utilitarianism, Kantianism, egoism, and relativism continues in the work of major contemporary philosophers (Williams, Brandt, Feinberg, Foot, and Rachels). Landmark selections (Moore, Ross, Stevenson, Baier, Hare, Harman, and Gauthier) reflect concern with moral language and the justification of morality. The concepts of justice (Rawls), rights (Feinberg), and saintliness (Urmson and Wolff) are explored, as well as recent views on the importance of virtue ethics (MacIntyre and Rachels), and an ethic influenced by feminist concerns (Held). Peter Singer's discussion of the significance of applied ethics opens the third section, Contemporary Moral Problems. The readings present the current debates over abortion (Thomson, Tooley, and Sterba), euthanasia (Rachels and Foot), famine relief (Singer and Arthur), animal rights (Regan and Cohen), the death penalty (van den Haat and Nathanson), and affirmative action (Hill and Kekes).
Agent Zigzag:the true wartime story of eddie chapman
作者: (英)本·麦金泰尔(Ben Macintyre)著;梁青译
出版社:金城出版社,2012
简介:本书是一部关于二战最为著名的英德双面间谍埃迪·查普曼的纪实传记。作者讲述了查普曼在二战中的传奇性的间谍冒险故事,并介绍了其在战前和战后的丰富人生经历,为读者展现了一位与众不同的双面特工形象——集无赖与英雄、魔鬼与天使、叛徒与爱国者于一身的复杂而矛盾的角色。
简介:This volume presents Habermas's most recent contributions to ethical theory, expanding and clarifying his controversial theory of discourse ethics.Responding to criticisms of his theory, Habermas defends the claim of discourse ethics to a central position in contemporary moral philosophy. He explains and refines the key concepts of his approach and extends the argument in certain key respects, including his treatment of practical reason and of the problems of application and motivation. The first chapter offers a comprehensive analysis of practical rationality which establishes a clear demarcation between pragmatic, ethical and moral questions and a corresponding differentiation between forms of volition and spheres of practical discourse. Habermas then develops a wide-ranging defence of discourse ethics and provides a masterly critique of the major competing positions, such as those of John Rawls, Bernard Williams, Charles Taylor, Alasdair MacIntyre, Karl-Otto Apel and Albrecht Wellmer.The remaining chapters defend the basic intention of universalist moral theory in the face of the claims of the neo-Aristotelian ethic of the good and of Horkheimer's scepticism towards reason. An interview with Habermas, covering such topics as the genesis of discourse ethics, the precise import of some of its more controversial elements and its interconnections with the theory of communicative action, concludes the volume.Justification and Application engages with some of the most important and controversial issues in social and political theory and philosophy today. It will be welcomed by students and scholars throughout the social sciences and humanities.
简介:"The Oxford Companion to Australian History draws on the latest scholarship and covers the people, institutions, and events that have shaped Australian society, politics, and culture. It is edited by three of Australia's finest historians - Graeme Davison, John Hirst, and Stuart Macintyre - and includes contributions from 317 scholars and writers throughout Australia.". "The Companion contains approximately 1600 entries, ranging from essays of up to 2000 words to succinct, factual entries of 100 words. There are entries on politicians, colonisers, visionaries, newspaper barons, industrialists, explorers, writers, artists, and scientists. There are numerous extended essays on key facets of our national life - political, social, cultural, scientific, military, and economic. Readers will find incisive entries on such matters as art, capital punishment, gambling, language, literature, military history, republicanism, and reconciliation. This edition contains new and revised entries to take account of events since the book was first published in 1998."--BOOK JACKET.
简介:Alasdair MacIntyre argues that Freud's conception of the unconscious is complicated by his tendency to use the term in two different ways. MacIntyre shows how Freud uses the term "unconscious" both as a straightforward description of psychological phenomena, and as an evaluative notion to explain the links between childhood events and adult behavior. This clarification helps to shed light on the many misunderstandings of psychoanalysis, and to separate out what is and what is not of lasting value in Freud's account of the unconscious. This new edition includes a substantial new preface by the author, in which he discusses repression, determinism, transference, and "practical rationality," and offers a rare comparison of Aristotle and Lacan on the concept of desire. MacIntyre takes the opportunity to reflect both on the reviews and criticisms of the first edition and also on his own philosophical stance.
简介:"Aristotle remains the most influential philosopher of practice, and Knight's new book explores the continuing importance of Aristotelian philosophy. It first examines the theoretical bases of what Aristotle said about ethical, political and productive activity. It then traces ideas of social activity through St. Paul, Luther, Hegel, Heidegger and contemporary Aristotelian philosophers, and evaluates the contribution of Alasdair MacIntyre. Knight argues compellingly that, whereas Aristotle's thought legitimated exploitation, MacIntyre's revision of Aristotelianism separates ethical excellence from social elitism and justifies resistance to oppression. With MacIntyre, Aristotelianism becomes revolutionary. MacIntyre's case for the Thomistic Aristotelian tradition developed out of his attempt to elaborate a Marxist ethics informed by analytic philosophy. He analyzes social practices in teleological and ethical terms, opposing them to managerial and capitalist institutions and arguing for the cooperative defence of our moral agency. In presenting these ideas, Knight advances a theoretical argument for the reformation of Aristotelianism and an ethical argument for social change."--BOOK JACKET.
简介:Of the seven deadly sins, pride is the only one with a virtuous side. It is certainly a good thing to have pride in one's country, in one's community, in oneself. But when taken too far, as Michael Eric Dyson shows inPride, these virtues become deadly sins. Dyson, named byEbonymagazine as one of the 100 most influential African Americans, here looks at the many dimensions of pride. Ranging from Augustine and Aquinas, MacIntyre and Hauerwas, to Niebuhr and King, Dyson offers a thoughtful, multifaceted look at this "virtuous vice." He probes the philosophical and theological roots of pride in examining its transformation in Western culture. Dyson discusses how black pride keeps blacks from being degraded and excluded by white pride, which can be invisible, unspoken, but nonetheless very powerful. Dyson also offers a moving glimpse into the teachers and books that shaped his personal pride and vocation. Dyson also looks at less savory aspects of national pride. Since 9/11, he notes, we have had to close ranks. But the collective embrace of all things American, to the exclusion of anything else, has taken the place of a much richer, much more enduring, much more profound version of love of country. This unchecked pride asserts the supremacy of America above all others--elevating our national beliefs above any moral court in the world--and attacking critics of American foreign policy as unpatriotic and even traitorous. Hubris, temerity, arrogance--the unquestioned presumption that one's way of life defines how everyone else should live--pride has many destructive manifestations. In this engaging and energetic volume, Michael Eric Dyson, one of the nation's foremost public intellectuals, illuminates this many-sided human emotion, one that can be an indispensable virtue or a deadly sin.
简介:"China poses great challenges to human rights in theory and practice. In practice, China is considered, by the measure of most Western countries, to have a patchy record of protecting individuals' human rights. In the theoretical realm, Chinese intellectuals and government officials have challenged the idea that the term "human rights" can be universally understood in one single way and have often opposed attempts by Western countries to impose international standards on Asian countries." "What should we make of these challenges - and of claims by members of other groups to have moralities of their own? Human Rights and Chinese Thought gives an extended answer to these questions in the first study of its kind. Stephen C. Angle integrates a full account of the development of Chinese rights discourse - reaching back to important, although neglected, origins of that discourse in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Confucianism - with philosophical considerations of how various communities should respond to contemporary Chinese claims about the uniqueness of their human rights concepts." "Drawing on Western thinkers such as Richard Rorty, Alasdair MacIntyre, Michael Walzer, Allan Gibbard, and Robert Brandom, Angle elaborates a plausible kind of moral pluralism and demonstrates that Chinese ideas of human rights do indeed have distinctive characteristics. His conclusion is not that we should ignore one another, though. Despite our differences, Angle argues that cross-cultural moral engagement is legitimate and even morally required. International moral dialogue is a dynamic and complex process, and we all have good reasons for continuing to work toward bridging our differences."--BOOK JACKET.
简介:Summary: Publisher Summary 1 When he read a collection of his early work (Against the Self-Image of the Age: Essays in Ideology and Philosophy), postmodernist MacIntyre (philosophy, U. of Notre Dame) found he had come to a turning-point in his thinking. It is apparent from this collection, taken from his writings from 1972 to 2002, that he took his reflections on Kuhn and Lakatos to heart, reformulating his thought on Aristotelian-based moral and political philosophy. This collection defines his position with essays on epistemological crises, dramatic narrative, the philosophy of science, cultures and practices, relativism, Hegel, the forces that keep moral philosophy and modern social practice apart and the lack of understanding of the forces affecting and affected by the body. His commentary on philosophical includes the famous "The ends of life, the ends of philosophical writing" and commentary of first principles and new readings of Fides et Ratio. Annotation 漏2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com) Publisher Summary 2 How should we respond when some of our basic beliefs are put into question? What makes a human body distinctively human? Why is truth an important good? These are among the questions explored in this collection of essays by Alasdair MacIntyre, one of the most creative and influential philosophers working today. Ten of MacIntyre's most influential essays written over almost thirty years are collected together here for the first time. They range over such topics as the issues raised by different types of relativism, what it is about human beings that cannot be understood by the natural sciences, the relationship between the ends of life and the ends of philosophical writing, and the relationship of moral philosophy to contemporary social practice. They will appeal to a wide range of readers across philosophy and especially in moral philosophy, political philosophy, and theology. Publisher Summary 3 MacIntyre examines some fundamental philosophical questions in this first of two volumes of selected essays.
简介:Summary: Publisher Summary 1 Haim Gordon (education, Ben Gurion U. of the Negev) and Rivca Gordon, an independent scholar, analyze Heidegger's interest in truth as Aletheia, or "unconcealment of beings," as posited by classical Greeks, and thence the idea that myths contain wisdom that can be reveled to enhance human existence. They describe the essence of truth in art and myth, Plato's doctrines as they emerge from the allegoric cave, Parmenides and the goddess that is Aletheia, truth and productive seeing, truth and wonder, and the essence of truth and becoming free. In their assessment the counter the work of Lyotard, MacIntyre, Rorty and Derrida, charging they are both shallow and disrespectful of the truth. They urge readers to seek out the blessing and gift of Aletheia in their readings of myths. Annotation 漏2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
A Short History of Ethics 道德简史
出版社:Taylor and Francis 2006-3-1
简介:What is right ? What is wrong ? How do we decide ? To a remarkable extent, our decision-making is determined by the origins of the ethical ideas that we employ and the history of their development. A Short History of Ethics is widely acknowledged to be the perfect introduction to the subject, presenting in concise form an insightful yet exceptionally complete history of moral philosophy in the West, from the Greeks to contemporary times. In clear and readable prose, Alasdair MacIntyre, one of the finest living philosophers, leads the reader towards a greater understanding of what lies behind our ethical decisions.
简介:Scholars of philosophy in Canada, the US, and Hong Kong evaluate Confucianism as a contrast to Western notions of the self as autonomous and possessed of individual rights. Among their topics are rights and community in Confucianism, and the virtue of righteousness in Mencius. Alasdair MacIntyre comments on the anthology. Annotation 漏2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
简介:Whose Justice? Which Rationality?, the sequel to After Virtue, is a persuasive argument of there not being rationality that is not the rationality of some tradition. MacIntyre examines the problems presented by the existence of rival traditions of inquiry in the cases of four major philosophers: Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, and Hume.
简介:Summary: Publisher Summary 1 Over the past twenty-five years, Thomas Nagel has played a major role in the philosophico-biological debate on subjectivity and consciousness. This extensive collection of published essays and reviews offers Nagel's opinionated views on the philosophy of mind, epistemology, and political philosophy, as well as on fellow philosophers like Freud, Wittgenstein, Rawls, Dennett, Chomsky, Searle, Nozick, Dworkin, and MacIntyre.
简介:.cs95E872D0{text-align:left;text-indent:0pt;margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt} .csA62DFD6A{color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; font-style:italic; } .cs5EFED22F{color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:12pt; font-weight:normal; font-style:normal; } The Poetic Character of Human Activityis a collection of essays by two Oakeshott scholars, most of which explores the meaning of Oakeshott’s pregnant phrase, “the poetic character of human activity” by comparing and contrasting this idea with similar and opposing ones, in particular those of the Taoist thinker, Zhuangzi (Chuang Tzu), and his Western interpreter, A.C. Graham. Oakeshott’s deep appreciation of the poetic and non-instrumental character of human activity led him to develop an interest in the works of Zhuangzi and Confucius. Comparison of shared themes between Oakeshott and these two Chinese thinkers facilitates appreciation of his elegant analytic style and his resort to use of metaphors and story-telling when conveying some of his most profound insights. The collection also contains essays contrasting Oakeshott’s idea of the “creative” in human experience with views of, among others, Plato, Leo Strauss and Eric Voegelin. Oakeshott used the phrase “the poetic character of human activity” (arguably the animating center of his entire thought), to refer to the “creative” character of human experiential reality, that is, to the fact that the form (the how) and content (the what) of all human experience and activity arise simultaneously and fluidly, and can be separated only at the expense of theoretical coherence and practical skill. The various essays in this collection explore the meaning of this claim, and its ramifications for the proper role of critical intellect in especially philosophy, morality, learning, and governance. There is also some brief contrast of Oakeshott with John Rawls, Alasdair MacIntyre, Charles Taylor, and Quentin Skinner.
简介:The Contradictions of Modern Moral Philosophy is a highly original and radical critique of contemporary moral theory. Paul Johnston demonstrates that much recent moral philosophy is confused about the fundamental issue of whether there are correct moral judgements. He shows that the standard modern approaches to ethics cannot justify - or even make much sense of - traditional moral beliefs. Applied rigorously, these approaches suggest that we should reject ethics as a set of outdated and misguided claims. Rather than facing up to this conclusion, most recent moral philosophy consists of attempts to find some ways of preserving moral beliefs. This places a contradiction at the heart of moral philosophy. As a resilt it is often impossible to tell whether a contemporary philosopher ultimately rejects or endorses the idea of objective right and wrong. On the basis of a Wittgenstein approach Paul Johnston puts forward an alternative account of ethics that avoids this contradiction and recognises that the central issues of ethics cannot be resolved by conceptual analysis. He then uses this account to highlight the contradictions of important contemporary moral theorists such as Bernard Williams, Alasdair MacIntyre, Thomas Nagel and Charles Taylor.
简介:20th century technologies like cars, the Internet, and the contraceptive pill have altered our actions, changed our perceptions and influenced our moral ideas, for better and worse. Upcoming technologies are bound to fulfill their own unique social roles. How can we advance this social role so that it will support the good live and limit undesired changes? This book explores whether we can take a forward looking responsibility to optimize the social roles of technologies. In doing so, the book discusses three issues: first, it aims to understand the social role of technologies; second, it explores what it means to accept responsibility for this social role, and; third, it searches for some forward looking tools that help us to see how new technologies may influence human behavior. In a rather unique approach, this book combines the influential sociological research of Bruno Latour on the social impacts of technologies with the contemporary Aristotelianism of Alasdair MacIntyre.


































