Methods in nano cell biology = 纳米细胞生物学方法 /

作者：  edited by Bhanu P. Jena.

出版社：

简介：细胞生物学的最终目的是在原子分辨水平揭示活细胞的实时结构与功能。然而，在过去的二十年间，面向生物学和医学最重要同时也是唯一的主要挑战来自活细胞的单分子水平研究。纳米细胞生物学无疑有助于实现这一科学转。纳米细胞生物学强调纳米分辨水平下活细胞的性质、结构和动力学的实时研究，以及胞内胞外单个生物分子与复合组装体的研究。本书针对细胞结构，功能和代谢过程的纳米水平研究，介绍了纳米细胞生物学的现有技术方法、研究途径和应用。 本书特色 ·涵盖学科发展沿革，有助于非本专业研究者了解该新兴领域的学科背景和学术观点。 ·提供详尽的纳米生物学研究方案，有助于在单分子水平认知胞内功能。 ·检验前瞻性技术及其在活细胞研究中的应用，探究细胞生物学领域可能取得的突破。

中文问答系统技术及应用

作者：  张巍

出版社：电子工业出版社 2016年04月

简介：
本书全面系统地介绍问答系统的基本技术及应用，不仅讨论受限领域的问答系统，而且讨论开放领域的问答系统。全书共13章，第1章为绪论，介绍问答系统的研究背景、意义、研究现状及分类，然后分为两个部分，分别介绍受限域问答系统和开放域问答系统。在受限域问答系统中，讨论面向常问问题库及面向本体的问答策略，并讨论推理机制在问答系统中的应用。在开放域问答系统中，讨论中文问题分类技术及关键词扩展技术，然后讨论大规模问答对库的建立、答案推荐的技术等。各章对理论的叙述力求概念清晰、表达准确，突出理论联系实际，富有启发性，易于理解。本书可以作为高等学校自然语言处理和计算语言学等专业本科生和研究生自然语言处理的教材，也可以作为从事自然语言处理相关领域的研究人员和技术人员的参考书。
【目录】
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 中文问答系统研究 1
1.1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.2 研究意义 2
1.2 问答系统国内外研究现状 3
1.3 问答系统的分类 4
第一部分 受限域问答系统
第2章 受限域问答系统及本体 10
2.1 本书受限域问答系统研究内容 10
2.2 本书第一部分结构 11
2.3 本体语言简介 12
2.3.1 本体的概念 12
2.3.2 本体描述语言OWL 12
2.4 “医院”领域本体的构建 13
2.4.1 医学知识的特点 13
2.4.2 利用Protégé构建“医院”领域本体 14
2.5 实验及结果分析 17
2.5.1 本体构建实验 17
2.5.2 本体推理实验——阿莫西林与抗感染药推理过程 19
2.5.3 实验结果分析 19
第3章 面向FAQ库的问答策略 23
3.1 问题库的建设 23
3.2 基于常问问题集的问答策略分析 25
3.2.1 索引表的建立 25
3.2.2 句子相似度计算策略1—基于统计和语义的方法 25
3.2.3 句子相似度计算策略2—基于依存句法和改进编辑距离的方法 29
3.2.4 FAQ库的更新 31
3.3 实验及结果分析 32
3.3.1 实验评测标准 32
3.3.2 实验结果及分析 32
第4章 面向本体知识库的问答策略 36
4.1 本体知识库问答模块概述 36
4.2 问句浅层语义分析 37
4.2.1 语义块定义规则 37
4.2.2 问句向量 41
4.2.3 语义块的判定 42
4.2.4 语义块冲突的处理 42
4.3 问句处理实验结果及分析 43
4.4 本体查询模块答案的抽取 44
4.5 实验及结果分析 46
4.6 面向本体知识库的问答策略的不足与展望 47
第5章 Jena推理及在问答系统中的应用 48
5.1 推理机研究 48
5.1.1 推理机的功能 48
5.1.2 本体推理机 48
5.2 Jena研究 50
5.2.1 Jena及其结构 50
5.2.2 Jena2推理机 51
5.3 实验设计及实现 52
5.3.1 Jena推理实验一 52
5.3.2 Jena推理实验二 54
5.3.3 实验结果分析 55
第6章 SWRL及Jess推理在问答系统中的应用 56
6.1 SWRL架构及表示方式 56
6.2 基于本体的SWRL及Jess推理系统框架 57
6.3 推理系统的实现框架 58
6.4 推理过程 58
6.4.1 SWRL规则的建立 58
6.4.2 SWRL规则及OWL本体知识转换 61
6.5 实验及结果分析 61
6.5.1 在Protégé 3.4.1环境下的实验 61
6.5.2 在MyEclipse环境下的实验 63
6.5.3 实验结果分析 65
第7章 城域医院问答检索系统的实现 66
7.1 系统的构建意义 66
7.2 系统设计原则 66
7.3 系统总体结构 66
7.4 系统实现与分析 67
第二部分 开放域问答系统
第8章 开放域问答系统概述 72
8.1 开放域问答系统的特点 72
8.2 开放域问答系统的基本结构 72
8.3 本书第二部分结构 73
第9章 基于语义特征的中文问题分类方法 75
9.1 知网简介 75
9.2 问题的表示 77
9.3 问题预处理和关键词提取 78
9.4 问题分类特征的选取与表示 79
9.4.1 问题疑问词的提取 79
9.4.2 问题的核心关键词在《知网》中的主要义原的提取 80
9.4.3 命名实体的提取 84
9.4.4 单/复数的提取 84
9.4.5 问句分类特征的向量表示 85
9.5 问题分类算法 85
9.5.1 支持向量机 85
9.5.2 KNN算法 88
9.5.3 最大熵算法 89
9.6 问题分类体系 90
9.7 中文问题分类实验 90
9.7.1 实验方案 90
9.7.2 实验数据 91
9.7.3 评价标准 92
9.7.4 实验结果和实验分析 92
第10章 基于同义词词林和知网的关键词扩展 95
10.1 关键词扩展的意义 95
10.2 信息检索中的同义词 96
10.3 同义词词林及其扩展版 97
10.4 基于知网的词语相似度计算 98
10.5 利用《同义词词林》扩展，利用《知网》精简的关键词扩展 99
10.6 实验结果及其讨论 100
10.6.1 同义词扩展实验 100
10.6.2 扩展查询实验 101
第11章 答案源的获取方法研究 102
11.1 网页采集 102
11.2 网页去重 106
11.2.1 网页的预处理 106
11.2.2 网页去重的处理方法 107
11.2.3 网页去重算法测评 111
11.3 信息提取 111
11.3.1 网页净化 111
11.3.2 DOM树的概念 112
11.3.3 模糊归类算法 113
11.3.4 节点影响度因子 114
11.3.5 算法综述 114
11.3.6 实验设计与结果 115
11.4 基于百度知道的问答对库的建立 117
11.4.1 百度知道问答社区简介 117
11.4.2 建立基于关系模式的问答对库 119
第12章 基于大规模问答对库的答案推荐 121
12.1 研究背景和研究现状 121
12.2 问题相似度计算方法 122
12.2.1 基于向量空间的TF-IDF句子相似度计算方法 123
12.2.2 基于关键词语义的句子相似度计算方法 123
12.2.3 基于语义依存的句子相似度计算方法 124
12.3 实验过程及结果分析句子相似度计算的评价 125
12.3.1 实验数据 125
12.3.2 实验方法及结果 125
第13章 基于相似问题推荐的问答系统原型 127
13.1 基于相似问题推荐的问答系统技术路线 127
13.2 基于相似问题推荐的问答系统原型结构图 127
13.3 原型系统工作方式 128
附录A 中文问题分类标准 130
附录B 百度知道的分类体系 132
附录C 知网与ICTCLAS词性标注方式比较 133
附录D 哈尔滨工业大学的依存句法分析中的句法关系 134
附录E 知网义原树的组成 135
附录F 知网知识词典中特殊符号的含义 136
参考文献 137

领域本体构建方法及实证研究：以测绘学领域为例

作者：  余凡

出版社：武汉大学出版社 2015年08月

简介：
本书从本体的定义、类型、基本元素、描述语言、构建方法和构建工具分析了本体的基本内涵和构建本体的基本方法，把本体构建方法划分成概念获取、关系获取和形式化三个部分；运用组词规则、N-gram、互信息、信息熵、加权等算法研究了领域本体的等级关系和非等级关系的提取方法；运用Jena工具研究了领域本体的形式化方法。作者通过对现有方法的反复实验，针对领域本体构建过程中存在的问题，对现有的方法进行了综合用用，并对部分方法进行了改进，最终提出了一套构建本体的通用方法。最后，本书以测绘学领域的数据为例，对该方法进行了实用检验，实验结果证明了该方法的可行性。本书结构严谨、布局合理、重点突出、逻辑清晰、实例丰富，是一本系统讲述领域本体构建方法的专著。

国际货物买卖合同法

作者：  范剑虹

出版社：法律出版社 2017年09月

简介：

　　《国际货物买卖合同法》对《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》（CISG）的适用条件与范围、合同的缔结、买方的权利与义务、卖方的义务与权利、风险转移的界定、国内法的法律适用中的理论争议、案例细节等内容与问题作出了详细的论述，并附有相应的判例导读。由于本书的论述结合国内的实践，并使用大量的英文与德文文献，因而对中国的国际货物买卖以及"一带一路"的理论与实践，将会产生积极影响。

　　在本书的论述中，加入了大量判例与案例的元素，尤其是大量的国外文献与判例，这些内容为国际货物买卖的理论与实践（包括司法实践）提供了有益的见解与资料。

*章导论
*节CISG的产生与发展及与“一带一路”的联系
第二节CISG在我国香港与澳门的适用及其意义
第三节GISG的内容与结构
第四节相关文献与研究方法
第二章适用条件与范围
*节缔约国家和各国的保留
一、CISG第二部分和第三部分之保留
二、部分领土单位适用之保留
三、法律体系相同或相近的两个国家之间适用的保留
四、第1条第1款（b）项之保留
五、自由订约形式之保留
第二节适用的条件与范围
一、货物销售合同与营业地
二、时间效力与缔约双方约定的效力
三、意思自治与冲突法的适用
四、与本国法及其他条约的关系
五、公约漏洞的补充与解释
第三节案例与提示
第三章合同的缔结
*节要约
一、要约的内容
二、要约的到达及有效
三、要约的失效
第二节承诺
一、承诺的内容
二、承诺的接受及有效
三、变更或者延迟的承诺
第三节一般合同条款
第四节合同的形式要件
一、形式自由的原则
二、形式的约定
第五节案例与提示
第四章买方的义务与权利
*节买方的义务
一、支付合同价款
二、提取货物
三、其他义务
四、风险转移
第二节买方的权利
一、违约货物的运送
二、合同违约的调查（检验）
三、合同违约的通知
四、权利瑕疵的货物的运送
五、履行与补救履行合同
六、宣告合同无效
七、减价
八、损害赔偿（作为买方的补救办法/权利）
第三节案例与提示
第五章卖方的义务与权利
*节卖方的义务
一、各种交货方式
二、交货的时间
三、交货的地点
四、交付单据
五、与交付货物相关的义务
六、与运送货物相关的义务
七、给付障碍出现时的义务
八、其他买卖合同衍生的义务
第二节卖方的权利
一、合同的履行
二、合同的解除
三、利息与损害赔偿
第三节案例与提示
第六章风险转移的界定
*节风险转移
一、风险
二、风险转移的一般规则
三、风险转移的前提
四、风险转移的法律后果
第二节免除
一、因债权人的原因的免除
二、因不可抗力的免除
三、留置权
四、收货义务的产生与内容
第三节案例与提示
第七章国内法的法律适用
*节行为能力
第二节缔约过错
第三节代理
第四节因意思表示错误而撤销
第五节合同的效力
第六节侵权行为和特殊的侵权：产品责任
第七节消灭时效与诉讼法
跋
附录
CISG研习案例
参考文献
一、CISG评论/注释集
二、专著
三、论文
四、判例
五、联合国国际货物销售合同公约（中英文）

　　德国早期浪漫主义哲学家、诗人诺瓦利斯（Novalis，1772-1801）的浪漫而略有悲观色调的诗句，令许多人印象深刻，尤其是他的一句名言被比较法大师茨威格教授和克茨教授写在了《比较法导论》

　　Konrad Zweigert/Hein K?tz, Einführung in dieRechtsvergleichung,3.Auflage, J.C.B.Mohr(Paul Siebeck) Tübingen, 1996.的扉页上，这句话是："所有的认知大概均源于比较"（Auf Vergleichen l?sst sich wohl alles Erkennen, Wissen zurückführen）。

　　 Schriften Ⅲ(Hrsg.Minor,Jena 1907)45,Fragment 229.英国古典经验主义的始祖、哲学家、法学家培根（Francis Bacon，1561-1626）在其《崇学论》（De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum）中写了一句奠定比较法基础的名言："判断的对象（本国法）不能同时成为判断的标准。"在特定的政治背景下，法国比较法大师达维德（René David,1906-1990）说得更为具体:"在所有科学中，只有法学错误地认为可以成为纯粹民族的东西，神学家、医学家、科学家、天文学家以及其他所有学者，都为自己不了解国外在本专业领域内所取得的进步而感到羞辱，但是只有法学家将自己封闭在本国的研究中。"姑且不论及公法域外效力的限制，但是至少在合同法领域，将其局限在自己民族的圈子里，似乎是不现实的了。法国著名的刑法学家、犯罪学家马克·安塞尔（Marc Ancel，1902-1990）说得更为尖锐，他说："在一国法律中故步自封，就像劝诱生物学家把研究仅仅局限于一个种类的生物上一样。"到目前为止，合同法在某种意义上早已是一种普遍法学（Universal?jurisprudenz）了

　　Vgl.:MaxRheinstein,Einführung in dieRechtsvergeichung,2.Aufl.,München 1987,S.6.ff.。当然，由于中国加入了《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》（the United Nations Convention onContracts for International Sale of Goods，CISG），因此CISG实际上就等同于国内法。

　　那么这些被视为国内法的国际法条约的位阶如何呢？除了可参阅许昌博士的论文（许昌：《条约在特别行政区适用问题研究》，北京大学出版社1999年版，第235~237页）以及中国一些立法例和*人民法院相关司法解释之外，也可视角投向域外法。有些国家在宪制规范中规定了一些国际公约的法律位级。德国基本法第59条第2款与第25条，对以上类似的位级问题做出了规定。按照德国基本法第59条第2款，德国加入《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》（19/12/1966）、《经济社会与文化权利国际公约》（19/12/1966）、《欧洲社会宪章》（18/10/1961）后，这些公约原则上视为内国法律，但是其级别在法律这一位级中，不与德国基本法同级。相反，按照德国基本法第25条第2句，如果参加的国际公约达到"国际法的一般规则"（allgemeine Regeln des V?lkerrechts）的标准, 那么其位级可高于法律，但是具体在那个位级，德国学者在基本法与国际法专题中也有论及（Rudolf Geiger, Grundgesetz und V?lkerrecht,1985, S. 190 f.）。而有具体内容的国际法条约，一般会被认为不符合"国际法的一般规则"的标准（Pieroth/Schlink，Grundrechte Staatsrecht Ⅱ, C.F. Müller, Heidelberg 1986, S. 15），这也可能是防止一些有倾向性的国际组织制定的规范破坏符合国情的立法与判例的统一性。"国际法的一般规则"也是德国宪法法院判断的标准（参见德国宪法法院的判例：BverfGE 59,280/283）。当然，在我们国家，这些问题已有规定，但是，如果对此有争议的话，或者需要修正相应的规定，以上观点、判例与规则可以作为一种参考。

　　即便如此，CISG的许多内容仍然具有国际的、跨法系的性质，而这些内容是值得我们研究的。

　　为什么是值得研究的呢？从现实的角度，我们国家的货物买卖总量已列世界*，"一带一路"战略的一个法律重点就是跨国货物的买卖。除了CISG的缔约国，沿路国家间的跨国贸易也可合意适用CISG。CISG在国际商业与法律上的作用之重要，是显而易见的了。此外，假如排除法典注释学派（?coleexégétique）的观点，那么在涉及解决实际问题的意义与正当性时，我们就不能仅仅局限于国内的观点，实际的法律问题有多种不同的解决方法，这些方法又有不同的价值基础，而这些建立在不同价值基础以及不同的立法技术上的解决方法，均储存在世界各国的"法律答案库"中，包括这些合同法领域的国际条约及其判例。所以，可以夸张地认为，在研究本国的合同法的同时，再比较、观察并分析CISG等条约，则有可能获得更为国际性的视角，也有可能对本国合同法所用的某些解决货物买卖问题的方法保持一种批判的距离。这种不完全涉及正确与否的距离感，往往能扩大解决问题的精神视野并相信本国合同法在某些问题上的相对性。

　　然而，众所周知，这些国际条约，包括CISG的适用，往往以执行措施为限。当它涉及国内的执行措施时，将会由国内法来决定。欧洲学者比较赞同以执行措施为限的国际商人法，

　　 Uwe Blaurock,"Quellen des internationalen Handelsrechts", in Jahrbuch desDeutschen?Chinesischen Insituts für Wirtschaftsrecht, Bd.2, 1991, S. 91.而美国有一些学者赞同"跨国法"，这种跨国法所引用的"普遍原则"及寻找一种介于国内法与国际公法的方式，不能完全令我们信服，所以，我们不追求这种超过执行措施的国际商人法。但是，在客观上，我们也不能忽视私法的域外效力是远远大于公法的事实。在这个实践领域，尤其是国际合同法领域，需要有更多的国际法与比较法上的知识，需要掌握更多的外语语种。各国研究CISG的机构与图书馆都收集了大量的有关CISG的研究论文、专著、教科书、CISG法条评论、判例集。仅就从德国的贝克（C.H.Beck）出版社所查阅的部分文献来看，涉及CISG的博士论文及专著的标题，将其排列起来可达244页之多，这还不包括其他著名出版社公布的专著与博士论文。由于欧洲大陆法系的传统以及欧洲大陆法系国家（尤其是德国）对CISG起草的推动，CISG中有许多大陆法系的法律规则的痕迹。德国等国家也一直重视对CISG进行法典评注式的贡献。德国弗赖堡大学修莱西德里姆教授（PeterSchlechtriem，1933-2007）与其学生瑞士巴塞尔大学教授（Ingeborg Schwenzer）等出版了著名的德文CISG法典评论

　　 Schlechtriem /Schwenzer, Kommentar zum Einheitlichen UN?Kaufrecht,6,v?llig neu bearbeitete Auflage 2013,C.H.BECK .与英文CISG法典评论

　　 Schlechtriem &Schwenzer， Commentary on the UN Convention on theInternational Sale of Goods,Fourth Edition,2016,OXFORD University Press.

　　，并业已建立了完备的CISG判例数据库，使德国、瑞士成为全球研究CISG的*为重要的中心之一。本书资料的引用，除了英文资料之外，也包括了德文的CISG法典评论、CISG判例数据库以及重要的专著。

　　全书细纲由范剑虹拟定，章节的撰写作者为：*章（范剑虹、陈科汝）、第二章（陈科汝、范剑虹）、第三章（陈科汝、范剑虹）；第四章、第五章（唐超、张琪作了部分添加）；第六章（陈科汝、范剑虹）；第七章（范剑虹、张琪）。判例导读由王阳铭编译初稿，由张琪等修改，附录等由范剑虹、张琪整理。

　　笔者自问尚属孤陋寡闻、行文与研究也常常感觉简单而肤浅，因而饵误偏颇一定难免，尚祈恳请读者不吝指教,联系邮箱：jhfan@umac.mo,jhfan666@gmail.com。但愿我们的微小的心力能够给中国的"一带一路"战略和国际化的法治过程带来少许帮助与启迪。

The early political writings of the German romantics = 德国浪漫主义早期政治著作选 /

作者：  edited and translated by Frederick C. Beiser.

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简介：　　the early political writings of the german romantics contains all the essential political writings of friedrich schlegel,schleiermacher and novealis during the formative period of romantic thought(1797 to 1803). 　　while the political thought of the german romantics has been generally recognized as important,it has been little studied,and most of the texts have been until now unavailable in english.the early romantics had an ambition still relevant to contemporaty political thought:to find a middle path between conservatism and liberalism,between an ethic of community and the freedom of the individual. 　　 　　作者简介： 　　frederick c. beiser's edition comprises all kinds of text relevant for understanding the political ideas of the early romantic circles in berlin and jena-essays,lectrues,aphorisms,chapters from books,and jottings from notebooks.all have been translated anew,many for the first time. 　　frederick c. beiser's professor of philosophy at indiana university,bloomington.he has also tauthor of the fate of reason(harvard,1987)and enlightenment,revolution,and romanticism(harvard,1992),and editor of the cambridge companion to hegel(1992). 　　

Atomic force microscopy in cell biology /

作者：  edited by Bhanu P. Jena, J.K. Heinrich H鑟rber.

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简介：Summary: Publisher Summary 1 'Gaffard and Salies have brought together an outstanding collection of papers that connects two fields of research usually only considered in isolation: the entrepreneurial restructuring of firms and markets and the growth process of the firm. Recognizing the interaction between the two is crucial for understanding how economic progress comes about today. What leading scholars from each of the fields have to say in this book on the connection makes for a most stimulating and illuminating reading with great relevance for policy making in Europe and America.'-Ulrich Witt, Max Planck Institute of Economics and University of Jena, Germany This book addresses the foundations of economic growth at the firm level, combining both theoretical and econometric contributions by established scholars. Challenging contributions revisit Marshall's view on the management of innovation, investigate the decision of firms to venture into entrepreneurship and clarify some misunderstanding about Schumpeter's ideas. The book goes on to shed light on the classical specialisation-flexibility trade-off and provides a vision on the role of the knowledge-based economy and firm networks in technology development. Finn survival and performance, price-cost margins and the determinants of research intensity are also investigated econometrically. This book will be of great relevance to students and the academics involved in research projects that address issues of firm growth, behaviour and performance. It will also appeal to practitioners seeking tangible results concerning the relationship between key economic variables at the firm level, and to policymakers who need to be aware of the impact that changes in the organization of industries and markets may have on the performance of firms. Jean-Luc Gaffard is at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, the Institut Universitaire de France and Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques, SKEMA Business School, Valbonne, France and Evens Salies is at Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques, France.   Publisher Summary 2 The editors (both affiliated with the Observatoire Fran莽ais des Conjonctures Economiques, France) present theoretical and empirical econometric perspectives on innovation and the foundations of economic growth at the firm level. Ten papers are presented in sections exploring the historical development of evolutionary theories of the firm, theory and evidence on firms' formation and growth, and theory and evidence on firms' performance and industrial dynamics. Annotation 漏2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)  

Atomic force microscopy in cell biology /

作者：  edited by Bhanu P. Jena, J.K. Heinrich H鑟rber.

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Methods in nano cell biology /

作者：  edited by Bhanu P. Jena.

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简介：　　Understanding live cells at the single molecule level is the most important and single major challenge facing biology and medicine today. Nanobiology focuses on the properties and structure of complex assemblies of biomolecules-biochips and molecular motors, for example-in conjunction with distinctive surfaces, rods, dots, and materials of nanoscience. Nano Cell Biology will describe the current applications of nanobiology to the study of the structure, function, and metabolic processes of cells. 　　 　　Key Features 　　*Provides historical background on this newly emerging field 　　*Covers the latest application of new instrumentation in the field 　　*Detailed protocols in the study of live cells at the nanometer level 　　*Discusses future technologies and their applications in the study of living cells.　　

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简介：Was Jesus a Nazi? During the Third Reich, German Protestant theologians, motivated by racism and tapping into traditional Christian anti-Semitism, redefined Jesus as an Aryan and Christianity as a religion at war with Judaism. In 1939, these theologians established the Institute for the Study and Eradication of Jewish Influence on German Religious Life. In The Aryan Jesus , Susannah Heschel shows that during the Third Reich, the Institute became the most important propaganda organ of German Protestantism, exerting a widespread influence and producing a nazified Christianity that placed anti-Semitism at its theological center. Based on years of archival research, The Aryan Jesus examines the membership and activities of this controversial theological organization. With headquarters in Eisenach, the Institute sponsored propaganda conferences throughout the Nazi Reich and published books defaming Judaism, including a dejudaized version of the New Testament and a catechism proclaiming Jesus as the savior of the Aryans. Institute members--professors of theology, bishops, and pastors--viewed their efforts as a vital support for Hitler's war against the Jews. Heschel looks in particular at Walter Grundmann, the Institute's director and a professor of the New Testament at the University of Jena. Grundmann and his colleagues formed a community of like-minded Nazi Christians who remained active and continued to support each other in Germany's postwar years. The Aryan Jesus raises vital questions about Christianity's recent past and the ambivalent place of Judaism in Christian thought.

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简介：The battle over ideas in education is intense and seemingly never-ending. Debates over government policy, private and public schools, universities, values, disadvantage, curriculum, funding, regulation, teaching, innovation and achievement are more impassioned than ever. A lot is at stake in getting education right - especially for the next gene...   more 籸ation. It touches us all.Education has long been central to creating opportunity and social equity - but the evidence suggests it may not be working as well as it should. The level of dissatisfaction is high and so are the stakes, but there are also remarkable success stories.Getting Smartexplores these issues and debates, proposes new ways of thinking about schools and universities and presents compelling personal tales of life-changing moments in and out of the classroom. Contributors include Glyn Davis, Gavin Moodie, Inez Baranay, Helen Elliot, Michael Wilding, Lee Kofman, Margaret Simons, Anna Clark, Joanna Mendelssohn, Andrew Leigh, Ouyang Yu, Gideon Haigh, Peter Davis, Meera Atkinson, Richard Teese, Ross Homel, Chris Sarra, Jeff McMullen, Megan Kinninment, David Young, Donna McDonald, Isabelle Reinecke, Jena Woodhouse and Christine Stanton. Photo essay by Chris Rix.   ?less

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简介：Summary: Publisher Summary 1 In the New Literatures in English, nature has long been a paramount issue: the environmental devastation caused by colonialism has left its legacy, with particularly disastrous consequences for the most vulnerable parts of the world. At the same time, social and cultural transformations have altered representations of nature in postcolonial cultures and literatures. It is this shift of emphasis towards the ecological that is addressed by this volume. A fast-expanding field, ecocriticism covers a wide range of theories and areas of interest, particularly the relationship between literature and other 'texts' and the environment. Rather than adopting a rigid agenda, the interpretations presented involve ecocritical perspectives that can be applied most fruitfully to literary and non-literary text. Some are more general, 'holistic' approaches: literature and other cultural forms are a 'living organism', part of an intellectual ecosystem, implemented and sustained by the interactions between the natural world, both human and non-human, and its cultural representations. 'Nature' itself is a new interpretative category in line with other paradigms such as race, class, gender, and identity. A wide range of genres are covered, from novels or films in which nature features as the main topic or 'protagonist' to those with an ecocritical agenda, as in dystopian literature. Other concerns are: nature as a cultural construct; 'gendered' natures; and the city/country dichotomy. The texts treated challenge traditional Western dualisms (human/animal, man/nature, woman/man). While such global phenomena as media ('old' or 'new'), tourism, and catastrophes permeate many of these texts, there is also a dual focus on nature as the inexplicable, elusive 'Other' and the need for human agency and global responsibility. Laurenz Volkmann is Professor of EFL Teaching at Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, where NAncy Grimm and Katrin Thomson also teach. Ines Detmers is a lecturer in English literature at the Technical University of Chemnitz.   Publisher Summary 2 Volkmann (EFL teaching, Friedrich Schiller U., Jena, Germany) et al. bring together 24 essays that examine nature and the environment in literary texts and how they contribute to a sense of global responsibility. Essays range in topic from literature as a living organism to nature as a category like race, class, and gender. They include discussion of ecocriticism and News from Nowhere, Herland, and Men Like Gods; novels and films that feature nature, or have an ecocritical or dystopian theme, such as The Hungry Tide, The Hunter, Shallows, and River Thieves; nature as a cultural construct; notions of place; Western dualisms like human versus animal and man versus nature in books such as The Whale Caller, Foe, and Heart of Darkness; and representations of ecological disasters in novels and films like Frankenstein, Oryx and Crake, The Day After Tomorrow, and Videodrome. Papers are revised from presentations given at the nineteenth annual conference of the German Society for the Study of New English Literatures, held in Jena, Germany, in May 2007. Contributors work in literature, languages, and cultural studies around the world. Annotation 漏2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)  

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简介："A thematic biography of the German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte from birth to his resignation from his university position at Jena in 1799 due to the Atheism Conflict, this work explains how Fichte contributed to modern conceptions of selfhood; how he sought to make the moral agency of the self efficacious in a modern public culture; and the critical role he assigned philosophy in the construal and assertion of selfhood and in the creation of a new public sphere. Using the writings and private papers now available in the Gesamtausgabe, the study historicizes these themes by tracing their development within several contexts, including the German Lutheran tradition, the eighteenth-century culture of sensibility, the late Enlightenment, the Kantian philosophical revolution, the politics of the revolutionary era, and the emergence of modern German universities. It includes a reinterpretation of Fichte's political theory and philosophy of law, his antisemitism, and his controversial views on gender and marriage."--BOOK JACKET.

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简介：This book, originally published in 1979, was derived from courses offered at the Friedrich-Schiller University in Jena, Germany. The American Ceramic Society republished this text in 1985, adding more than 100 new figures and references to demonstrate recent advances in glass technology. This text represents a comprehensive presentation of the entire field of glass chemistry, especially emphasizing contributions from German pioneers Otto Schott and Ernst Abbe.

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简介："The Attempt at a Critique of All Revelation (1792) was the first published work of Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762-1814), the founder of the German idealist movement in philosophy. It predated the system of philosophy which Fichte developed during his years in Jena, and for that reason - and possibly also because of its religious orientation - later commentators have tended to overlook the work in their treatments of Fichte's philosophy. It is, however, already representative of the most interesting aspects of Fichte's thought. It displays an affinity with his later moral psychology, introduces (in theological form) Fichte's distinctively 'second-person' conception of moral requirements, and employs the 'synthetic method' which is crucial to the transcendental systems Fichte developed during his Jena period. This volume offers a clear and accessible translation of the work by Garrett Green, while an introduction by Allen Wood sets the work in its historical and philosophical contexts."--BOOK JACKET.

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简介：This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 31st Symposium of the German Association for Pattern Recognition, DAGM 2009, held in Jena, Germany, in September 2009. The 56 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on motion and tracking; pedestrian recognition and automotive applications; features; single-view and 3D reconstruction; learning and classification; pattern recognition and estimation; stereo and multi-view reconstruction; image analysis and applications; and segmentation.

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简介：The basic concern of the volume is to determine the preconditions of personality development and to show their significance and their perspectives for educational science and for pedagogical practice. First, these basic preconditions of becoming oneself are collected in a single volume and discussed in terms of their significance for science and for educational practice. In all fundamental dimensions are understood as precondition of becoming oneself. 鈥淏ildung鈥?is here for the first time understood as the formation of the overall individual personality, which the OECD postulates to be the key qualification of the Twenty-first Century. From a pedagogical perspective, it is a matter of furthering the personality. It provides research with a new perspective, in that it makes the furthering of the overall personality the object of education. Dr. K盲the Schneider is occupants of the chair for adult education at the Universit盲t Jena.

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简介：William F. Bristow presents an original and illuminating study of Hegel's hugely influential but notoriously difficult Phenomenology of Spirit. Hegel describes the method of this work as a 'way of despair', meaning thereby that the reader who undertakes its inquiry must be open to the experience of self-loss through it. Whereas the existential dimension of Hegel's work has often been either ignored or regarded as romantic ornamentation, Bristow argues that it belongs centrally to Hegel's attempt to fulfil a demanding epistemological ambition. With his Critique of Pure Reason, Kant expressed a new epistemological demand with respect to rational knowledge and presented a new method for meeting this demand. Bristow reconstructs Hegel's objection to Kant's Critical Philosophy, according to which Kant's way of meeting the epistemological demand of philosophical critique presupposes subjectivism, that is, presupposes the restriction of our knowledge to things as they are merely for us. Whereas Hegel in his early Jena writings rejects Kant's critical project altogether on this basis, he comes to see that the epistemological demand expressed in Kant's project must be met. Bristow argues that Hegel's method in the Phenomenology of Spirittakes shape as his attempt to meet the epistemological demand of Kantian critique without presupposing subjectivism. The key to Hegel's transformation of Kant's critical procedure, by virtue of which subjectivism is to be avoided, is precisely the existential or self-transformational dimension of Hegel's criticism, the openness of the criticizing subject to being transformed through the epistemological procedure.

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简介：This book constitutes the thoroughly聽refereed post-conference proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Membrane Computing, CMC11, held in Jena, Germany, in August 2010 - continuing the fruitful tradition of 10 previous editions of the International Workshop on Membrane Computing (WMC). The 23 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited papers and the abstracts of 2 keynote lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers address in this volume cover all the main directions of research in membrane computing, ranging from theoretical topics in the mathematics and computer science to application issues. A special attention was paid to the interaction of membrane computing with biology and computer science, focusing both on the biological roots of membrane computing, on applications of membrane computing in biology and medicine, and on possible electronically based and bioinspired implementations.

The structure of functions = 函数结构 /

作者：  Hans Triebel.

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简介：　　this book is mainly based on the results of the author and his co-workers ob-tained in the last few years. we tried to present the material in such a way that the main ideas can be understood independently of the existing literature. on the other hand， after proving in chapter i that the function spaces introduced via quarkonial decompositions coincide with the well-established spaces b8pq and fspq we feel free to use known results about these spaces， especially when we have nothing new to say about the assertions used. a reader who is mostly interested in the material presented in one of the chapters ii， iii， or iv， which are largely independent of each other， may skip chapter i， at the first glance.but most of the related proofs in these chapters depend substantially on the theory developed in the first chapter. 　　it is a pleasure to acknowledge the great help i have received from my col-laborators in jena， in particular dorothee haroske and winfried sickel， who made valuable suggestions which have been incorporated in the text. i am especially indebted to dorothee haroske for producing all the figures in this book. last， but not least， i wish to thank my friend and colleague david edmunds in brighton who looked through the whole manuscript and offered many comments.