Table Of Contents:

Fluctuation Correlation Spectroscopy in Cells: Determination of Molecular Aggregation

E. Gratton

S. Breusegem

N. Barry

Q. Ruan

J. Eid

Introduction 1(1)

Methods to Produce a Confocal or Small Volume 2(1)

Advantages of Two-Photon Excitation 3(1)

FCS: Time and Amplitude Analysis 3(4)

Fluctuations in Cells: Protein-Membrane Interactions 7(2)

Cross-Correlation Methods 9(2)

Cross-Correlation and Molecular Dynamics 11(2)

Conclusions 13(1)

Acknowledgements 13(1)

References 13(2)

Dynamics of the Cell Membrane Observed Under the Evanescent Wave Microscope and the Confocal Microscope

Susumu Terakawa

Takashi Sakurai

Takashi Tsuboi

Yoshihiko Wakazono

Jun-Ping Zhou

Seiji Yamamoto

Introduction 15(1)

Ultra High Na Objective Lens 15(3)

Observations Under Evanescent Wave Illumination 18(4)

Calcium Indicator Dye 18(1)

Ion Channel 19(1)

Protein Kinase-C 19(1)

Dynamin 20(1)

IP3 21(1)

Exocytosis 21(1)

Discussion 22(1)

Acknowledgements 23(1)

References 23(2)

Using GFP and Fret Technologies for Studying Signaling Mechanisms of Apoptosis in a Single Living Cell

Donald C. Changl

Liying Zhou

Kathy Q. Luo

Introduction 25(2)

Using the GFP-Gene Fusion Technique to Study the Dynamic Redistribution of Signaling Proteins in a Single Living Cell 27(4)

General Properties of GFP 27(1)

Application of the GFP Technology for Biophotonic Studies of Programmed Cell Death 28(3)

Using the GFP Technology to Test a Specific Model of Bax Activation 31(1)

Application of the Fret Technique 31(6)

The Principle of FRET 31(1)

Designing a Bio-sensor for Measuring Caspase-3 Activity Based on FRET 32(1)

In Vitro Characterization of Sensor C3 Using Purified Protein 33(2)

Application of Sensor C3 to Measure the Dynamic Activation of Caspase-3 in a Single Living Cell During Apoptosis 35(2)

Advantages of the FRET-based Bio-sensor 37(1)

Acknowledgement 37(1)

Reference 38(1)

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Study on Protein-Protein Interaction in Single Living Cells

Xun Shen

Chunlei Zheng

Ziyang Lin

Yajun Yang

Hanben Niu

Introduction 39(1)

Principle of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) 40(2)

FRET Microscopy: Methods for FRET Measurement 42(1)

Sensitized Acceptor Fluorescence 42(1)

Acceptor Photobleaching Approach 42(1)

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) 43(1)

Studies on the Interaction Between Heat Shock Protein 27 and P38 Map Kinase 43(7)

Small Heat Shock Protein 27 and p38 MAP Kinase 43(1)

Experimental procedures 44(1)

Expression Vectors and Cell Transfection 44(1)

Microscopy 44(1)

Results 45(1)

Interaction of p38 and Hsp27 in Quiescent Cell 45(1)

Interaction of p38 with Hsp27 in H2O2-stimulated Cell 46(3)

Interaction of p38 with hsp27 in the Cell Stimulated by Arachidonic Acid 49(1)

Discussion 50(1)

Acknowledgements 51(1)

References 51(2)

Functional Optical Coherence Tomography: Simultaneous in Vivo Imaging of Tissue Structure and Physiology

Zhongping Chen

Introduction 53(1)

Optical Coherence Tomography 54(5)

Functional Optical Coherence Tomography 59(10)

Doppler OCT 59(4)

Polarization Sensitive OCT 63(3)

Second Harmonic OCT 66(3)

Conclusions 69(1)

Acknowledgments 69(1)

References 69(4)

Temporal Clustering Analysis of Cerebral Blood Flow Activation Maps Measured by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging

Qingming Luo

Zheng Wang

Introduction 73(2)

Principles of Laser Speckle Imaging 75(2)

Methods 77(1)

Results 77(5)

Discussions 82(1)

Acknowledgments 83(1)

References 83(2)

Photo- and Sonodynamic Diagnosis of Cancer Mediated by Chemiluminescence Probes

Da Xing

Qun Chen

Introduction 85(1)

Materials and Methods 86(2)

Reagents 86(1)

Experimental setup 87(1)

Preparation of tumor model 88(1)

Results and Discussions 88(7)

Measurement of photosensitized chemiluminescence mediated by FCLA in model solution 88(1)

Effects of quenchers and D2O on photosensitized chemiluminescence mediated by FCLA in model solution 89(1)

Imaging of photosensitized chemiluminescence mediated by FCLA in tumor-bearing nude mouse 90(1)

Measurement of sonosensitized chemiluminescence mediated by MCLA in model solution 91(3)

Imaging of sonosensitized chemiluminescence mediated by FCLA in tumor-bearing nude mouse 94(1)

The Time-dependence of FCLA retention in cells 94(1)

Conclusions 95(1)

Acknowledgments 96(1)

References 96(3)

The Luminescence Assays for the Luciferase Refolding Facilitated by Human Chaperone MRJ in Vitro

Meicai Zhu

Chenggang Liu

Ying Liu

Yinjing Wang

Tao Chen

Xinhua Zhao

Yaning Liu

Introduction 99(1)

The Function and Structure of Molecular Chaperones 99(2)

Luciferase as a Molecular Model in Chaperone Studies 101(1)

Experiment 101(5)

The isolation and identification of MRJ 101(1)

The expression and distribution of MRJ in the cells 101(1)

The expression of MRJ in COS-7 cell 101(1)

The expression and distribution of MRJ in CHO cell cycle 102(1)

The luminescence assays for the luciferase refolding facilitated by MRJ 103(1)

The MRJ expression and protein purification 103(1)

The denature of luciferase 103(1)

The MRJ facilitated luciferase repatriation verified by bioluminescence 104(2)

Discussion 106(1)

Acknowledgment 107(1)

References 107(2)

Essential Differences Between Coherent and Non-Coherent Effects of Photon Emission From Living Organisms

Fritz-Albert Popp

Basic Remarks 109(5)

Classical Versus Quantum Coherence 114(6)

Experimental Situation 120(2)

Acknowledgements 122(1)

References 122(3)

Parameters Characterizing Spontaneous Biophoton Signal as a Squeezed State in a Sample of Parmelia.Tinctorum

R. P. Bajpai

Introduction 125(3)

Photo Count Statistics of a Squeezed State 128(2)

Materials and Method 130(1)

Results and Discussions 131(3)

Implications of Squeeezed State 134(6)

Possible semi classical scenario of biophoton emission 135(3)

Vitality indicators and indices of vitality 138(1)

New vistas of reality 139(1)

References 140(1)

Biophotonic Analysis of Spontaneous Self-Organizing Oxidative Processes in Aqueous Systems

Vladimir L. Voeikov

Introduction 141(1)

Pathways of Oxygen Consumption in Living Organisms 142(2)

Bio-Regulatory Functions of Processes Accompanied with Generation of Electron 144(9)

Excitation Energy

Biophoton Emission from Non-diluted Human Blood 144(4)

Autoregulation in Model Aqueous Systems Related to ROS Production and EEE Generation 148(4)

Probable role of water 152(1)

General Conclusions 153(1)

References 154(1)

Two-Dimensinal Imaging and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Biophoton Technique and Applications for Biomedical Imaging

Masaki Kobayashi

Introduction 155(1)

Two-Dimensional Detection and Analysis Technique of Biophotons 156(3)

Photon Counting Imaging and Spatiotemporal Analysis 156(2)

CCD Imaging 158(1)

Characterization of Biophoton Phenomena for Biological Measurements and Applications 159(10)

Plants 160(3)

Mammal 163(1)

Rat Brain 163(1)

Correlation Between Photon Emission Intensity and EEG Activity 164(1)

Ultraweak Photon Emission Spectra of Brain Slices 165(3)

Human body 168(1)

Conclusion 169(1)

Acknowledgements 169(1)

References 170(3)

Ultraweak Photon Emission From Human Body

Roeland Van Wijk

Eduard Van Wijk

Introduction 173(1)

Spontaneous Photon Emission and Delayed Luminescence from Human Skin 174(1)

Determination of Time Slots for Recording Photon Emission 175(1)

Topographical Variation of Spontaneous Photon Emission 176(2)

Effects of Colored Filters on Spontaneous Visible Emission 178(3)

Effects of Colored Filters on Light-Induced Delayed Luminescence 181(1)

Spontaneous Emission and Blood Supply 181(1)

Discussion 181(2)

Perspectives 183(1)

Acknowledgements 183(1)

References 184(1)

Laser-Ultraviolet-A Induced Biophotonic Emission in Cultured Mammalian Cells

Hugo J. Niggli

Salvatore Tudisco

Giuseppe Privitera

Lee Ann Applegate

Agata Scordino

Franco Musumeci

Introduction 185(2)

Overview 185(1)

History 185(1)

Biophotonic sources 186(1)

Ultraweak photons in cultured cells 186(1)

Material and Methods 187(2)

Cell Culturing 187(1)

Classical Biophotonic Measurements in Human Skin Cells 187(1)

Delayed Luminescence Measurements in Mammalian Cells after UVA laser induction 188(1)

Results and Discussion 189(4)

Biophotonic emission in cultured cells with the classical design 189(2)

Ultraweak photon emission in mammalian cells following irradiation with a nitrogen laser in the UVA-range 191(1)

Conclusion 192(1)

Acknowledgements 193(1)

References 193(2)

Biophoton Emission and Delayed Luminescence of Plants

Yu Yan

Introduction 195(1)

Materials and Methods 196(1)

Instrument of BPE and DL measurements 196(1)

Measurement of BPE of germinating barley seeds 196(1)

Measurement of DL of plant leaves 197(1)

Results and Discussion 197(5)

BPE of germinating barley seeds 197(4)

DL of plant leaves 201(1)

Conclusion 202(1)

Reference 203(2)

Biophoton Emission and Defense Systems in Plants

Takahiro Makino

Kimihiko Kato

Hiroyuki Iyozumi

Youichi Aoshima

Introduction 205(2)

Overview of the Plant Defense Cascade System 205(1)

Spectral Analyses of the Photon Emission and Change of Physiological State in the Defense Response 206(1)

Approach to Possible Sources of Photon Emission in the Defense System 206(1)

Materials and Methods 207(3)

A Photon Counting System 207(1)

Inoculation of Microorganisms and the Treatment of Reagents 207(1)

Application of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid 207(1)

Control of Sample Temperature 208(1)

Spectral Analyses 208(1)

Photon Emission and Enzyme Reactions In Vitro 209(1)

Photon Emission and Enzyme Reactions In Vivo 209(1)

Application of the Enzyme Solutions 209(1)

Application of the Substrate Solutions 209(1)

Application of the Enzyme-Reaction Inhibitors 210(1)

Results 210(5)

Time-Dependent Analyses of Biophoton Emission 210(1)

Spectral Analyses of Biophoton Emission 211(1)

Comparative Analyses with 2, 4-D and Alternating Temperature Treatments 211(4)

Photon Emission and Enzyme Reactions In Vitro 215(1)

Photon Emission and Enzyme Reactions In Vivo 215(1)

Application of the Enzyme Solutions 215(1)

Application of the Substrate Solutions 215(1)

Application of the Enzyme-Reaction Inhibitors 215(1)

Discussion 215(2)

Summary 217(1)

References 218(1)
Index 219