Table Of Contents:
Preface xiii

Development of Seismic Isolation Worldwide 1(24)

Introduction 1(5)

Base Isolation in the United States 6(12)

Base Isolation in Japan 18(2)

Base Isolation in Europe 20(1)

Base Isolation in New Zealand 21(2)

State of Isolation Technology Today 23(2)

Theoretical Basis of Seismic Isolation 25(22)

Linear Theory 25(6)

Extension of Theory to Buildings 31(5)

M-Degree-of-Freedom Equations of Motion 31(2)

Modal Analysis of M-DOF System 33(3)

Analysis of Coupled Dynamic Equations 36(11)

Isolation System Components 47(16)

Introduction 47(1)

Elastomeric-Based Systems 47(5)

Low-Damping Natural and Synthetic Rubber Bearings 48(1)

Lead-Plug Bearings 49(1)

High-Damping Natural Rubber Systems (HDNR) 50(2)

Isolation Systems Based on Sliding 52(6)

Electricite-de-France System 55(1)

EERC Combined System 55(1)

The TASS System 56(1)

Resilient-Friction Base Isolation System 56(1)

Friction Pendulum System 57(1)

Spring-Type Systems 58(1)

Sleeved-Pile Isolation System 58(3)

Rocking Systems 61(2)

Code Provisions for Seismic Isolation 63(30)

Introduction 63(1)

Seismic Hazard Level 64(1)

Design Methods 65(1)

Static Analysis 65(13)

Seismic Zone Factor Z 67(1)

Site Soil Profile Type 68(1)

Seismic Source Types: A, B, and C 68(1)

Near-Source Factors: NA and NV 68(2)

MCE Response Coefficient MM 70(1)

Spectral Seismic Coefficients: CVD, CVM and CAD, CAM 70(1)

Damping Coefficients: BD and BM 71(2)

Effective System Vibration Periods: TD and TM 73(1)

Total Design Displacements: DTD and DTM 74(1)

Design Forces 75(1)

Vertical Distribution of Force 76(1)

Drift Limits 77(1)

Dynamic Analysis 78(2)

Time History Analysis 78(1)

Scaling 78(2)

Other Requirements for Nonstructural Components 80(1)

Peer Review 80(1)

Design and Testing Requirements for Isolators 81(1)

OSHPD-96 Requirements 82(2)

Other Considerations 84(1)

Step-by-Step Procedure for UBC-97 Compliant Design 85(8)

Preliminary Design Steps 85(2)

Final Design Steps 87(2)

Design Example 89(4)

Mechanical Characteristics and Modeling of Isolators 93(28)

Introduction 93(1)

Mechanical Characteristics of Elastomeric Bearings 93(7)

Mechanical Characteristics of Lead-Plug Bearings 100(1)

Mechanical Characteristics of Friction Pendulum System 101(3)

Modeling of Isolation Bearings by Bilinear Modeling 104(3)

Implications of Bilinear Modeling 107(14)

Energy Dissipation in High-Damping Natural Rubber Bearings 111(4)

Adjustments to the Model to Account for High-Strain Stiffening 115(2)

Comparisons with Experimental Data 117(4)

Buckling and Stability of Elastomeric Isolators 121(16)

Introduction 121(5)

Stability under Large Lateral Displacement 126(7)

Rollout Stability 133(4)

Design Earthquake Ground Motions 137(48)

Introduction 137(2)

Characteristics of Earthquake Ground Motions 139(4)

From Response Spectra to Design Spectra 143(6)

Earthquake Energy Content and Energy Spectra 149(1)

Various Ground Motion Predictive Formulations 150(8)

Source Characterizations 150(5)

Attenuation Relations 155(3)

Deterministic and Probabilistic Approaches 158(14)

Deterministic Seismic Hazard Evaluation 158(1)

Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Evaluation 159(7)

Limitations of Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis 166(4)

Seismic Hazard Maps 170(2)

Code Interpretations of Design Ground Motions 172(2)

Application of Earthquake Time Histories 174(11)

UBC-94 Provisions 174(1)

UBC-97 Provisions 175(1)

OSHPD-91 Provisions 176(1)

OSHPD-96 Provisions 176(1)

Time-Domain Scaling of Time Histories 176(4)

Frequency-Domain Scaling of Time Histories 180(3)

Analytic Dilemma of Designing by Time History Analysis 183(2)

Design Examples 185(18)

Design Example for a High-Damping Rubber Bearing 185(11)

Bearing Stiffnesses 186(1)

First Estimate of Design Displacement DD 187(1)

Actual Bearing Stiffness 188(1)

Composite Stiffness 188(1)

Composite Damping 188(1)

Allowance for Torsion 189(1)

Elastic Base Shear from Code 190(1)

Bearing Detail 191(2)

Buckling Loads: Safety Factor 193(2)

Calculation of MCE Displacement DM 195(1)

Rollout Displacement 196(1)

Design Example for a Lead-Plug Bearing 196(7)

Computer Applications 203(30)

Introduction 203(1)

Preliminary Selection of Design Loads and Isolator Sizes 203(13)

Overview 203(1)

Selection of Design Loads by Linear Regression and Least-Squares Analysis Techniques 204(2)

The ISOSEL Solution Strategy 206(1)

Application of the ISOSEL Computer Program 207(9)

Computer Programs for Analysis of Seismically Isolated Structures 216(4)

N-PAD 217(1)

3D-Basis 217(1)

ETABS 218(1)

SAP-2000 Nonlinear 218(2)

General Nonlinear Three-Dimensional Analysis Programs 220(1)

Nonlinear Dynamic Time History Analysis 220(13)

Specifications for Design, Manufacturing, and Testing of Isolation Devices 233(22)

Introduction 233(1)

Sample Specifications 234(21)
Appendix. Companion Software and Earthquake Data Files 255(18)
References 273(9)
Index 282