Table Of Contents:
SECTION 1 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING PRACTICE

Applying Critical Thinking to the Nursing Process 3(13)

Assessment Phase 6(1)

Diagnosis Phase 6(1)

Planning Phase 7(2)

Implementation Phase 9(1)

Evaluation Phase 9(7)

Community-Based Nursing and Home Health Care 16(13)

Changing Health Care System 16(1)

Continuum of Patient Care 17(12)

Adult Development 29(14)

Conceptual Approaches to Adult Development 31(2)

Psychodynamic Issues of Adulthood 33(3)

Social Processes in Adulthood 36(2)

Physiologic Processes in Adulthood 38(5)

Gerontologic Considerations 43(23)

Attitudes Toward Aging 44(1)

Age-Related Physiologic Changes 44(6)

Ethnicity and Aging 50(1)

Nursing Process and the Older Adult 51(1)

Teaching Older Adults 52(1)

Health Promotion and Screening 52(1)

Chronic Illness 53(1)

Geriatric Rehabilitation 54(1)

Hospitalization and Acute Illness 54(4)

Social Support and the Older Adult 58(2)

Care Alternatives for Older Adults 60(2)

Legal and Ethical Issues 62(4)

Health History and Physical Examination 66(13)

Interviewing Considerations 66(10)

Problem Identification and Nursing Diagnoses 76(3)

Patient Teaching 79(13)

Role of Patient Teaching 79(1)

Education Process 79(13)

Nursing Management: Stress 92(15)

Theories of Stress 92(1)

Stress as a Response 92(2)

Stress as a Stimulus 94(1)

Stress as a Transaction 95(1)

Physiologic Response to Stress 96(4)

Identifying Stressors or Demands 100(1)

Coping 101(6)

Complementary and Alternative Therapies 107(19)

Biobehavioral Therapies 110(6)

Manual Healing Therapies 116(2)

Traditional and Ethnomedicine Therapies 118(1)

Herbal Therapies 119(7)

Nursing Management: Pain 126(29)

Definitions of Pain 126(1)

Dimensions of Pain 127(5)

Etiology and Type of Pain 132(2)

Assessment of Pain 134(3)

Drug Therapy for Pain 137(8)

Nonpharmacologic Therapy for Pain 145(10)

Nursing Management: Substance Abuse and Dependence 155(34)

Stimulants 157(7)

Depressants 164(7)

Hallucinogens 171(11)

Special Populations with Substance Abuse Problems 182(1)

Chemical Dependence in Nurses 182(7)
SECTION 2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF DISEASE

Nursing Management: Inflammation and Infection 189(23)

Cell Injury 189(1)

Defense Against Injury 190(6)

Healing Process 196(16)

Nursing Management: Altered Immune Responses 212(29)

Normal Immune Response 212(6)

altered Immune Response 218(6)

Allergic Disorders 224(5)

Autoimmune Phenomena 229(4)

Immunodeficiency Disorders 233(1)

Immune-Related Diseases 234(2)

New Technologies in Immunology 236(5)

Nursing Management: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 241(28)

Transmission of HIV 241(2)

Pathophysiology 243(1)

Clinical Manifestations and complications 244(3)

Diagnostic Studies 247(2)

Collaborative Care 249(20)

Nursing Management: Cancer 269(54)

Biology of Cancer 270(8)

Classification of Cancer 278(1)

Prevention and Detection of Cancer 279(4)

Collaborative Care 283(33)

Complications Resulting from Cancer 316(2)

Psychologic Support 318(5)

Nursing Management: Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances 323(32)

Homeostasis 323(7)

Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances 330(1)

Sodium and Volume Imbalances 330(5)

Potassium Imbalances 335(3)

Calcium Imbalances 338(2)

Phosphate Imbalances 340(1)

Magnesium Imbalances 341(1)

Protein Imbalances 342(1)

Acid-Base Imbalances 342(4)

Assessment of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid Base Imbalances 346(9)
SECTION 3 THE SURGICAL EXPERIENCE

Nursing Management: Preoperative Patient 355(20)

Surgical Settings 355(1)

Psychosocial Reactions to Surgery 356(1)

Patient Interview 356(1)

Assessment of the Preoperative Patient 357(18)

Nursing Management: Patient During Surgery 375(15)

Physical Environment 375(1)

Surgical Team 376(6)

Classification of Anesthesia 382(8)

Nursing Management: Postoperative Patient 390(27)

Postoperative Care in the Postanesthesia Care Unit 390(1)

Postanesthesia Care Unit Admission 390(9)

Surgical Care of the Patient in the Postanesthesia Care Unit 399(1)

Discharge form the Postanesthesia Care Unit 399(1)

Care of the Postoperative Patient on the Clinical Unit 400(17)
SECTION 4 PROBLEMS RELATED TO ALTERED SENSORY INPUT

Nursing Assessment: Visual and Auditory Systems 417(25)

Structures and Functions: Visual System 417(4)

Assessment: Visual System 421(9)

Diagnostic Studies: Visual System 430(1)

Structures and Functions: Auditory system 430(3)

Assessment: Auditory System 433(3)

Diagnostic Studies: Auditory System 436(6)

Nursing Management: Visual and Auditory Problems 442(40)

Correctable Refractive Errors 443(6)

Eye Trauma 449(1)

Extraocular Disorders 449(4)

Intraocular Disorders 453(5)

Retinal Detachment 458(3)

Age-Related Macular Degeneration 461(1)

Glaucoma 461(8)

External Ear and Canal 469(2)

Middle Ear and Mastoid 471(3)

Inner Ear Problems 474(2)

Hearing Impairment and Deafness 476(6)

Nursing Assessment: Integumentary System 482(11)

Structures and Functions: Skin and Appendages 482(3)

Assessment: Integumentary System 485(6)

Diagnostic Studies: Integumentary System 491(2)

Nursing Management: Integumentary Problems 493(30)

Disorders of the Integumentary System 502(8)

Dermatologic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases 510(1)

Plastic Surgery 510(6)

Pressure Ulcers 516(7)

Nursing Management: Patient with Burns 523(30)

Types of Burn Injury 523(3)

Classification of Burn Injury 526(2)

Phases of Burn Management 528(19)

Emotional Needs of the Patient and Family 547(1)

Special Needs of the Nursing Staff 548(5)
SECTION 5 PROBLEMS OF OXYGENATION: VENTILATION

Nursing Assessment: Respirator System 553(26)

Structures and Functions: Respiratory System 553(8)

Assessment: Respiratory System 561(8)

Diagnostic Studies: Respiratory System 569(10)

Nursing Management: Upper Respiratory Problems 579(32)

Structural and Traumatic Disorders of the Nose 579(3)

Inflammation and Infection of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses 582(6)

Obstruction of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses 588(1)

Problems Related to the Pharynx 588(4)

Problems Related to the Trachea and Larynx 592(1)

Tracheostomy 592(8)

Cancer of the Head and Neck 600(11)

Nursing Management: Lower Respiratory Problems 611(49)

Acute Bronchitis 611(1)

Pneumonia 612(11)

Tuberculosis 623(10)

Lung Cancer 633(10)

Chest Trauma and Thoracic Injuries 643(5)

Chest Surgery 648(4)

Restrictive Respiratory Disorders 652(3)

Vascular Lung Disorders 655(2)

Lung Transplantation 657(3)

Nursing Management: Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases 660(59)

Asthma 660(1)

Triggers of Asthma Attacks 660(2)

Pathophysiology 662(1)

Clinical Manifestations 663(1)

Classification of Asthma 664(1)

Complications 664(1)

Diagnostic Studies 665(1)

Collaborative Care 666(16)

Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis 682(1)

Etiology 682(1)

Pathophysiology 683(2)

Clinical Manifestations 685(1)

Complications 686(2)

Diagnostic Studies 688(1)

Collaborative Care 688(22)

Cystic Fibrosis 710(1)

Etiology and Pathophysiology 711(1)

Clinical Manifestations 711(1)

Complications 712(1)

Diagnostic Studies 712(1)

Collaborative Care 712(7)
SECTION 6 PROBLEMS OF OXYGENATION: TRANSPORT

Nursing Assessment: Hematologic System 719(17)

Structures and Functions: Hematologic System 719(6)

Assessment: Hematologic System 725(3)

Diagnostic Studies: Hematologic System 728(8)

Nursing Management: Hematologic Problems 736(57)

Anemia Caused by Decreased Erythrocyte Production 739(8)

Anemia Caused by Blood Loss 747(1)

Anemia Caused by Increased Erythrocyte Destruction 748(5)

Polycythemia 753(1)

Problems of Hemostasis 754(12)

Neutropenia 766(2)

Myelodysplastic Syndrome 768(2)

Leukemia 770(7)

Lymphomas 777(3)

Malignancies of Plasma Cells 780(2)

Disorders of the Spleen 782(1)

Blood Component Therapy 782(11)
SECTION 7 PROBLEMS OF OXYGENATION: PERFUSION

Nursing Assessment: Cardiovascular System 793(24)

Structures and Functions: Cardiovascular System 793(5)

Assessment: Cardiovascular System 798(7)

Diagnostic Studies: Cardiovascular System 805(12)

Nursing Management: Hypertension 817(24)

Normal Regulation of Blood Pressure 817(2)

Hypertension 819(1)

Definition 819(1)

Significance 819(1)

Classification of Hypertension 820(1)

Pathophysiology of Primary Hypertension 820(2)

Clinical Manifestations 822(1)

Complications 822(2)

Diagnostic Studies 824(1)

Collaborative Care 824(13)

Hypertensive Crisis 837(4)

Nursing Management: Coronary Artery Disease 841(46)

Angina Pectoris 849(12)

Myocardial Infarction 861(20)

Sudden Cardiac Death 881(1)

Women and Coronary Artery Disease 882(5)

Nursing Management: Congestive Heart Failure and Cardiac Surgery 887(31)

Congestive Heart Failure 887(16)

Cardiomyopathy 903(1)

Dilated Cardiomyopathy 903(3)

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 906(1)

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 907(1)

``Crack'' Heart 907(1)

Cardiac Surgery 907(11)

Nursing Management: Arrhythmias 918(29)

Evaluation of Arrhythmias 923(1)

Types of Arrhythmias 924(10)

Antiarrhythmic Drugs 934(1)

Defibrillation 934(2)

Pacemakers 936(2)

Catheter Ablation Therapy 938(1)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 939(1)

Basic Cardiac Life Support 939(4)

Advanced Cardiac Life Support 943(4)

Nursing Management: Inflammatory and Valvular Heart Diseases 947(31)

Inflammatory Disorders of the Heart 947(1)

Infective Endocarditis 947(7)

Acute Pericarditis 954(4)

Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis 958(1)

Myocarditis 958(1)

Rheumatic Fever and Heart Disease 959(5)

Valvular Heart Disease 964(1)

Mitral Stenosis 965(2)

Mitral Regurgitation 967(1)

Mitral Valve Prolapse 967(1)

Aortic Stenosis 968(1)

Aortic Regurgitation 968(10)

Nursing Management: Vascular Disorders 978(35)

Disorders of the Aorta 978(1)

Aneurysms 978(7)

Aortic Dissection 985(1)

Acute Arterial Occlusive Disorders 986(1)

Chronic Arterial Occlusive Disease 987(8)

Disorders of the Veins 995(1)

Thrombophlebitis 995(7)

Varicose Veins 1002(2)

Venous Stasis Ulcers 1004(1)

Pulmonary Embolism 1005(8)
SECTION 8 PROBLEMS OF INGESTION, DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, AND ELIMINATION

Nursing Assessment: Gastrointestinal System 1013(25)

Structures and Functions: Gastrointestinal System 1013(7)

Assessment: Gastrointestinal System 1020(8)

Diagnostic Studies: Gastrointestinal System 1028(10)

Nursing Management: Nutritional Problems 1038(42)

Normal Nutrition 1038(2)

Nutritional Needs 1040(2)

Vitamin Imbalances 1042(2)

Eating Disorders 1044(2)

Malnutrition 1046(7)

Types of Supplemental Nutrition 1053(1)

Oral Feeding 1053(1)

Tube Feeding 1053(6)

Total Parenteral Nutrition 1059(6)

Obesity 1065(15)

Nursing Management: Upper Gastrointestinal Problems 1080(56)

Dental Problems 1080(4)

Oral Inflammations and Infections 1084(1)

Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity 1084(4)

Nausea and Vomiting 1088(4)

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease 1092(3)

Hiatal Hernia 1095(2)

Esophageal Cancer 1097(4)

Gastritis 1101(2)

Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding 1103(6)

Peptic Ulcers 1109(17)

Cancer of the Stomach 1126(5)

Food Poisoning 1131(5)

Nursing Management: Lower Gastrointestinal Problems 1136(55)

Diarrhea, Fecal Incontinence, and Constipation 1136(9)

Abdominal Pain 1145(3)

Abdominal Trauma 1148(2)

Appendicitis 1150(1)

Peritonitis 1150(2)

Gastroenteritis 1152(1)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome 1152(1)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1152(1)

Ulcerative Colitis 1152(7)

Crohn's Disease 1159(5)

Intestinal Obstruction 1164(3)

Polyps of the Large Intestine 1167(1)

Cancer of the Colon and Rectum 1168(4)

Ostomy Surgery 1172(9)

Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis 1181(1)

Hernias 1182(1)

Malabsorption Syndrome 1183(3)

Anorectal Problems 1186(5)

Nursing Management: Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas Problems 1191(50)

Jaundice 1191(1)

Viral Hepatitis 1192(11)

Cirrhosis of the Liver 1203(15)

Carcinoma of the Liver 1218(1)

Liver Transplantation 1219(1)

Acute Pancreatitis 1220(6)

Chronic Pancreatitis 1226(1)

Carcinoma of the Pancreas 1227(2)

Disorders of the Biliary Tract 1229(12)
SECTION 9 PROBLEMS OF URINARY FUNCTION

Nursing Assessment: Urinary System 1241(20)

Structures and Functions: Urinary System 1241(5)

Assessment: Urinary System 1246(4)

Diagnostic Studies: Urinary System 1250(11)

Nursing Management: Renal and Urologic Problems 1261(38)

Cystitis 1263(3)

Acute Pyelonephritis 1266(8)

Urinary Tract Calculi 1274(6)

Renal Vascular Problems 1280(1)

Hereditary Renal Diseases 1280(2)

Renal Tumors 1282(1)

Bladder Cancer 1283(2)

Urinary Incontinence and Retention 1285(3)

Instrumentation 1288(2)

Surgery of the Urinary Tract 1290(9)

Nursing Management: Acute and Chronic Renal Failure 1299(46)

Acute Renal Failure 1299(7)

Chronic Renal Failure 1306(14)

Dialysis 1320(1)

Peritoneal Dialysis 1320(5)

Hemodialysis 1325(4)

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy 1329(1)

Kidney Transplantation 1330(15)
SECTION 10 PROBLEMS RELATED TO REGULATORY MECHANISMS

Nursing Assessment: Endocrine System 1345(22)

Structures and Functions: Endocrine System 1345(8)

Assessment: Endocrine System 1353(6)

Diagnostic Studies: Endocrine System 1359(8)

Nursing Management: Patient with Diabetes Mellitus 1367(39)

Types of Diabetes Mellitus 1367(2)

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 1369(1)

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1370(22)

Complications of Diabetes 1392(1)

Acute Metabolic Complications 1393(5)

Chronic Complications 1398(8)

Nursing Management: Endocrine Problems 1406(43)

Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary Gland 1406(4)

Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland 1410(1)

Syndrome of the Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone 1410(3)

Diabetes Insipidus 1413(2)

Disorders of the Thyroid Gland 1415(1)

Hyperthyroidism 1415(8)

Thyroid Enlargement 1423(1)

Thyroiditis 1424(1)

Hypothyroidism 1424(4)

Disorders of the Parathyroid Glands 1428(6)

Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex 1434(1)

Cushing's Syndrome 1434(6)

Adrenocortical Insufficiency/Addison's Disease 1440(3)

Corticosteroid Therapy 1443(2)

Disorders of the Adrenal Medulla 1445(1)

Pheochromocytoma 1445(4)

Nursing Assessment: Reproductive System 1449(23)

Structures and Functions: Male and Female Reproductive Systems 1449(8)

Assessment: Male and Female Reproductive Systems 1457(7)

Diagnostic Studies: Reproductive System 1464(8)

Nursing Management: Breast Disorders 1472(23)

Assessment of Breast Disorders 1473(3)

Benign Breast Problems 1476(2)

Breast Cancer 1478(12)

Mammoplasty 1490(5)

Nursing Management: Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1495(16)

Gonorrhea 1496(2)

Syphilis 1498(3)

Genital Herpes 1501(2)

Chlamydial Infections 1503(1)

Condylomata Acuminata 1504(7)

Nursing Management: Female Reproductive Problems 1511(42)

Contraceptive Methods 1511(6)

Infertility 1517(1)

Abortion 1518(3)

Problems Related to Menstruation 1521(3)

Problems Related to Vaginal Bleeding 1524(2)

Ectopic Pregnancy 1526(1)

Perimenopause and Postmenopause 1527(2)

Rape 1529(3)

Conditions of the Vulva, Vagina, and Cervix 1532(2)

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 1534(2)

Endometriosis 1536(3)

Benign Tumors of the Female Reproductive System 1539(1)

Malignant Tumors of the Female Reproductive System 1540(1)

Cervical Cancer 1540(2)

Endometrial Cancer 1542(1)

Ovarian Cancer 1543(1)

Vaginal Cancer 1544(1)

Vulvar Cancer 1544(9)

Nursing Management: Male Genitourinary Problems 1553(28)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 1553(9)

Cancer of the Prostate 1562(5)

Problems of the Penis 1567(1)

Problems of the Scrotum and Its Contents 1568(3)

Sexual Functioning 1571(1)

Vasectomy 1571(1)

Erectile Dysfunction 1571(4)

Infertility 1575(6)
SECTION 11 PROBLEMS RELATED TO MOVEMENT AND COORDINATION

Nursing Assessment: Neurologic System 1581(27)

Structures and functions: Nervous system 1581(13)

Assessment: Nervous System 1594(8)

Diagnostic Studies: Nervous System 1602(6)

Nursing Management: Intracranial Problems 1608(37)

Unconsciousness 1608(3)

Intracranial pressure 1611(1)

Increased Intracranial Pressure 1612(12)

Head Trauma 1624(6)

Intracranial Tumors 1630(3)

Cranial Surgery 1633(5)

Inflammatory Conditions of the Brain 1638(1)

Meningitis 1638(3)

Encephalitis 1641(4)

Nursing Management: Patient with a Stroke 1645(27)

Risk Factors for Strokes 1645(1)

Etiology and Pathophysiology 1646(1)

Types of Stroke 1647(3)

Clinical Manifestations 1650(2)

Diagnostic Studies 1652(1)

Collaborative Care 1652(20)

Nursing Management: Chronic Neurologic Problems 1672(41)

Headache 1672(1)

Tension-Type Headache 1672(1)

Migraine Headache 1673(1)

Cluster Headache 1674(4)

Seizure Disorders and Epilepsy 1678(9)

Multiple Sclerosis 1687(7)

Parkinson's Disease 1694(6)

Myasthenia Gravis 1700(2)

Alzheimer's Disease 1702(6)

Restless Legs Syndrome 1708(5)

Nursing Management: Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord Problems 1713(32)

Cranial Nerve Disorders 1713(1)

Trigeminal Neuralgia 1713(4)

Bell's Palsy 1717(1)

Polyneuropathies 1718(1)

Guillain-Barre Syndrome 1718(2)

Botulism 1720(1)

Tetanus 1721(1)

Neurosyphilis 1722(1)

Spinall Cord Trauma 1722(19)

Spinal Cord Tumors 1741(4)

Nursing Assessment: Musculoskeletal System 1745(17)

Structures and Functions: Musculoskeletal System 1745(5)

Assessment: Musculoskeletal System 1750(5)

Diagnostic Studies: Musculoskeletal System 1755(7)

Nursing Management: Musculoskeletal Problems 1762(57)

Soft-Tissue Injuries 1762(1)

Sprains and Strains 1762(2)

Dislocation and Subluxation 1764(1)

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 1765(1)

Repetitive Strain Injury 1766(1)

Rotator Cuff Injuries 1766(1)

Meniscus Injury 1766(2)

Fractures 1768(27)

Osteomyelitis 1795(3)

Amputation 1798(4)

Bone Cancer 1802(2)

Low Back Pain 1804(6)

Neck Pain 1810(1)

Common Foot Problems 1810(2)

Osteoporosis 1812(7)

Nursing Management: Arthritis and Connective Tissue Diseases 1819(46)

Osteoarthritis 1819(8)

Rheumatoid Arthritis 1827(10)

Ankylosing Spondylitis 1837(1)

Reiter's Syndrome 1837(1)

Lyme Disease 1838(1)

Gout 1839(2)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 1841(6)

Systemic Sclerosis 1847(3)

Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis 1850(1)

Sjogren's Syndrome 1851(1)

Fibromyalgia 1851(1)

Common Joint Surgical Procedures 1852(13)
SECTION 12 NURSING CARE IN SPECIALIZED SETTINGS

Nursing Management: Shock and Multiple Organ Failure 1865(30)

Shock 1865(1)

Classification of Shock 1865(5)

Stages of Shock 1870(6)

Diagnostic Studies 1876(1)

General Collaborative Care: Shock 1876(4)

Collaborative Care: Specific Types of Shock 1880(9)

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome 1889(6)

Nursing Management: Respiratory Failure 1895(19)

Acute Respiratory Failure 1895(1)

Etiology and Pathophysiology 1895(4)

Clinical Manifestations 1899(1)

Diagnostic Studies 1900(6)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 1906(1)

Etiology and Pathophysiology 1907(2)

Clinical Progression 1909(1)

Clinical Manifestations 1909(1)

Complications 1909(5)

Nursing Management: Critical Care 1914(44)

Critical Care Nursing 1914(3)

Hemodynamic Monitoring 1917(8)

Circulatory Assist Devices 1925(4)

Artificial Airways 1929(10)

Mechanical Ventilation 1939(9)

Intracranial Pressure Monitoring 1948(10)

Nursing Management: Selected Emergency Situations 1958(19)

Care of the Emergency Patient 1958(6)

Environmental Emergencies 1964(1)

Heat-Related Emergencies 1964(3)

Cold-Related Emergencies 1967(2)

Drowning and Near-Drowning 1969(1)

Bites and Stings 1970(4)

Poisonings 1974(3)
Appendixes 1977

A Nursing Diagnoses 1977(3)

B Laboratory Values 1980(15)

C Answer Key to Review Questions 1995