1 Basics and Evolution of Endoneurosurgery
Introduction p. 1
Evolution of Neurosurgery p. 1
Imaging of Individual Anatomy p. 2
Planning an Individual Approach p. 3
Technical Solution Steps p. 4
Ergonomic Problems in Neurosurgery p. 5
History of Transendoscopic Sonography p. 5
Endoscopy p. 5
Neurosonography p. 7
Transendoscopic Sonography p. 7
Technique and Equipment p. 7
3D Sonography p. 11
Artifacts p. 11
Imaging Problems p. 13
Safety p. 13
2 Anatomy
Laboratory Work p. 15
Effect of Imaging Characteristics on Anatomical Representation p. 16
Zoom Effect and Change of Volume p. 21
Illustrative Anatomical Cases p. 21
Summary Remarks on ENS Anatomy p. 45
3 Clinical Application
Objective p. 47
Materials and Methods p. 47
Results p. 48
Ergonomics in the Operating Room p. 48
General Remarks and List of Lesions p. 49
Cystic Lesions p. 68
Colloid Cyst p. 72
Tumors p. 74
Sellar Region p. 76
Transnasal Approach to Sellar Region p. 82
Posterior Fossa p. 87
Vascular Lesions p. 94
Lesions Examined p. 102
Resection Control,Targeting and Navigation p. 102
Summary and Final Reflections p. 105
Indications p. 106
Conclusions p. 109
4 ENS Clips
Laboratory Work: Setting p. 111
Anatomical Cases (with PIP) p. 112
Ventriculoscopy p. 112
Suprasellar Space p. 112
Fourth Ventricle p. 112
3-D Reconstructions p. 113
Clinical Cases 1-11 p. 113
5 Future Concepts for Minimally Invasive
Techniques in Neurosurgery
Theoretical environment of ENS Intelligent Interface p. 119
Human-Technical System p. 119
Ergonomic Trauma and Ergonomic Zones p. 124
Intuitive Operability p. 126
Interactive Operability p. 130
Intelligent Human-Machine Interfaces with Consistent Ergonomic Realization p. 131
Precision Integrated with Complexity p. 131
Microtechnique fi Microsystem Technique (Miniaturization) p. 132
Final Reflections p. 134
References p. 139
Subject Index p. 145