简介
From the Publisher: This combination book and audio instructional program is designed to diminish the accents of men and women who speak English as their second language. It will help them speak standard American English with clarity, confidence, and accuracy. Specific exercises concentrate on vowel sounds, problematic consonants such as V, W, B, TH, and the American R, employ correct syllable stress, link words for smoother speech flow, use common word contractions such as won't instead of will not, and more. Additional topics that often confuse ESL students are also discussed and explained. They include distinguishing between casual and formal speech, homophones (for instance, they're and there), recognizing words with silent letters (comb, receipt, and others), and avoiding embarrassing pronunciation mistakes, such as mixing up party and potty. Students are familiarized with many irregular English spelling rules and exceptions, and are shown how such irregularities can contribute to pronunciation errors. A native language guide references problematic accent issues of 13 different language backgrounds. Correct lip and tongue positions for all sounds are discussed in detail. Enclosed with the book are four compact discs that use male and female voices to coach correct American-style pronunciation.
目录
Table Of Contents:
Introduction vi
The Vowel Sounds 1(17)
Main Vowel Sounds of American English 1(1)
Production of Vowels 2(1)
/i/ as in meet 3(1)
/I/ as in sit 3(2)
/eI/ as in take 5(1)
/ε/ as in get 6(1)
/ae/ as in fat 7(1)
/a/ as in father 8(1)
/e/ as in fun 9(1)
/c/ as in saw 10(2)
/ou/ as in boat 12(1)
/u/ as in good 13(1)
/u/ as in too 13(2)
/er/ as in bird 15(1)
/aI/ as in time 15(1)
/au/ as in house 16(1)
/ci/ as in boy 17(1)
Vowels in Detail 18(11)
Revie of /I/ and /i/ Sounds 18(1)
Review of /ε/ and /æ/ Sounds 19(1)
Review of /e/, /a/, /c/, and /ou/ Sounds 20(1)
The Problematic o 21(2)
The American /c/ Sound 23(2)
Review of /ε/, /æ/, /a/, /c/, /e/, and /ou/ 25(1)
Review of /u/ and /u/ Sounds 25(1)
Comparing /u/ and /yu/ 26(1)
Review of the /er/ Sound 27(1)
Vowels Followed by the /r/ Sound 27(2)
Consonants 29(5)
Forming American Consonants 29(1)
Voiceless and Voiced Consonants 30(1)
Vowel Length and Voiced and Voiceless Consonants 31(2)
Stops and Continuants 33(1)
Problematic Consonants 34(32)
The Various t Sounds of American English 34(4)
The ``Fast d'' Sound 38(1)
The /t∫r/ Sound: tr 39(1)
The /d3r/ Sound: dr 39(1)
The /d3/ Sound: du and d + y 40(1)
The /t∫/ Sound: tu and t + y 40(1)
Words Ending in -ed 41(3)
The th Sound 44(4)
The American /r/ 48(2)
The American /l/ 50(2)
Understanding /l/ Versus /r/ 52(2)
The /v/ Sound 54(1)
Understanding /b/ Versus /v/ 55(1)
The /w/ Sound 56(2)
Understanding /v/ Versus /w/ 58(1)
The /s/ and /z/ Sounds 59(3)
The /ng/ Sound: Pronouncing ng 62(1)
Consonant Clusters 63(3)
Syllable Stress 66(12)
Stressed and Reduced Vowels 66(2)
Dangers of Stressing the Wrong Syllable 68(1)
General Rules for Stress Placement 69(7)
Two-Syllable Words 69(1)
Noun and Verb Pairs 70(1)
Words Ending in-tion and -ate 71(1)
Ate Endings of Verbs and Nouns 71(1)
More Stressed Suffixes 72(1)
Rules for Prefixes 72(2)
Syllable Stress Changes 74(2)
Reduced Vowels for Review 76(2)
Word Stress 78(17)
Compound Nouns 78(2)
Proper Stress with Adjectives 80(1)
Phrasal Verbs 81(1)
Noun Forms of Phrasal Verbs 82(1)
Abbreviations and Numbers 83(1)
Names of Places and People 83(1)
Word Stress Within a Sentence 84(1)
Lengthening the Main Vowel in Stressed Words 84(1)
Which Words Should I Stress? 85(3)
Content Words 85(1)
Content Words in Detail: Verbs 86(1)
Stress Nouns but Not Pronouns 87(1)
Content Words in Detail: Adjectives 87(1)
Reducing Vowels in Unstressed Words 88(3)
Weak Forms 89(1)
Strong Forms 90(1)
Thought Groups and Focus Words 91(1)
Contrastive Stress 92(3)
Intonation 95(6)
Falling Intonation 95(1)
Statements 95(1)
Questions 95(1)
Rising Intonation 96(1)
Non-Final Intonation 97(2)
Unfinished Thoughts 97(1)
Introductory Words 98(1)
Series of Words 98(1)
Expressing Choices 98(1)
Wavering Intonation 99(2)
Sound Like a True Native Speaker 101(18)
Linking Words for Smoother Speech Flow 101(1)
Rules for Linking 102(5)
Linking Consonant to Vowel 102(1)
Linking Consonant to Same Consonant 103(1)
Final Stop Between Consonants 104(1)
Linking Vowel to Vowel 104(1)
Linking Vowels within a Word 105(2)
Reducing Pronouns 107(1)
Contractions 108(5)
Commonly Contracted Words 109(4)
Conditional Tense and Contractions 113(2)
Casual Versus Formal Speech 115(3)
Rules and Patterns of Casual Speech 116(2)
Commonly Confused Words 118(1)
Memorizing the Exceptions 119(8)
Same Spelling, Different Pronunciation 119(1)
Two Correct Pronunciations 120(1)
Especially Difficult Words 121(2)
Words with Dropped Syllables 123(1)
Words with Silent Letters 124(1)
Homophones 125(2)
Native Language Guide 127(57)
Chinese 127(8)
Farsi 135(3)
Filipino Languages 138(3)
French 141(5)
German 146(4)
Indian Languages 150(4)
Indonesian 154(4)
Japanese 158(4)
Korean 162(4)
Portuguese 166(4)
Russian 170(4)
Spanish 174(5)
Vietnamese 179(5)
Index 184
Introduction vi
The Vowel Sounds 1(17)
Main Vowel Sounds of American English 1(1)
Production of Vowels 2(1)
/i/ as in meet 3(1)
/I/ as in sit 3(2)
/eI/ as in take 5(1)
/ε/ as in get 6(1)
/ae/ as in fat 7(1)
/a/ as in father 8(1)
/e/ as in fun 9(1)
/c/ as in saw 10(2)
/ou/ as in boat 12(1)
/u/ as in good 13(1)
/u/ as in too 13(2)
/er/ as in bird 15(1)
/aI/ as in time 15(1)
/au/ as in house 16(1)
/ci/ as in boy 17(1)
Vowels in Detail 18(11)
Revie of /I/ and /i/ Sounds 18(1)
Review of /ε/ and /æ/ Sounds 19(1)
Review of /e/, /a/, /c/, and /ou/ Sounds 20(1)
The Problematic o 21(2)
The American /c/ Sound 23(2)
Review of /ε/, /æ/, /a/, /c/, /e/, and /ou/ 25(1)
Review of /u/ and /u/ Sounds 25(1)
Comparing /u/ and /yu/ 26(1)
Review of the /er/ Sound 27(1)
Vowels Followed by the /r/ Sound 27(2)
Consonants 29(5)
Forming American Consonants 29(1)
Voiceless and Voiced Consonants 30(1)
Vowel Length and Voiced and Voiceless Consonants 31(2)
Stops and Continuants 33(1)
Problematic Consonants 34(32)
The Various t Sounds of American English 34(4)
The ``Fast d'' Sound 38(1)
The /t∫r/ Sound: tr 39(1)
The /d3r/ Sound: dr 39(1)
The /d3/ Sound: du and d + y 40(1)
The /t∫/ Sound: tu and t + y 40(1)
Words Ending in -ed 41(3)
The th Sound 44(4)
The American /r/ 48(2)
The American /l/ 50(2)
Understanding /l/ Versus /r/ 52(2)
The /v/ Sound 54(1)
Understanding /b/ Versus /v/ 55(1)
The /w/ Sound 56(2)
Understanding /v/ Versus /w/ 58(1)
The /s/ and /z/ Sounds 59(3)
The /ng/ Sound: Pronouncing ng 62(1)
Consonant Clusters 63(3)
Syllable Stress 66(12)
Stressed and Reduced Vowels 66(2)
Dangers of Stressing the Wrong Syllable 68(1)
General Rules for Stress Placement 69(7)
Two-Syllable Words 69(1)
Noun and Verb Pairs 70(1)
Words Ending in-tion and -ate 71(1)
Ate Endings of Verbs and Nouns 71(1)
More Stressed Suffixes 72(1)
Rules for Prefixes 72(2)
Syllable Stress Changes 74(2)
Reduced Vowels for Review 76(2)
Word Stress 78(17)
Compound Nouns 78(2)
Proper Stress with Adjectives 80(1)
Phrasal Verbs 81(1)
Noun Forms of Phrasal Verbs 82(1)
Abbreviations and Numbers 83(1)
Names of Places and People 83(1)
Word Stress Within a Sentence 84(1)
Lengthening the Main Vowel in Stressed Words 84(1)
Which Words Should I Stress? 85(3)
Content Words 85(1)
Content Words in Detail: Verbs 86(1)
Stress Nouns but Not Pronouns 87(1)
Content Words in Detail: Adjectives 87(1)
Reducing Vowels in Unstressed Words 88(3)
Weak Forms 89(1)
Strong Forms 90(1)
Thought Groups and Focus Words 91(1)
Contrastive Stress 92(3)
Intonation 95(6)
Falling Intonation 95(1)
Statements 95(1)
Questions 95(1)
Rising Intonation 96(1)
Non-Final Intonation 97(2)
Unfinished Thoughts 97(1)
Introductory Words 98(1)
Series of Words 98(1)
Expressing Choices 98(1)
Wavering Intonation 99(2)
Sound Like a True Native Speaker 101(18)
Linking Words for Smoother Speech Flow 101(1)
Rules for Linking 102(5)
Linking Consonant to Vowel 102(1)
Linking Consonant to Same Consonant 103(1)
Final Stop Between Consonants 104(1)
Linking Vowel to Vowel 104(1)
Linking Vowels within a Word 105(2)
Reducing Pronouns 107(1)
Contractions 108(5)
Commonly Contracted Words 109(4)
Conditional Tense and Contractions 113(2)
Casual Versus Formal Speech 115(3)
Rules and Patterns of Casual Speech 116(2)
Commonly Confused Words 118(1)
Memorizing the Exceptions 119(8)
Same Spelling, Different Pronunciation 119(1)
Two Correct Pronunciations 120(1)
Especially Difficult Words 121(2)
Words with Dropped Syllables 123(1)
Words with Silent Letters 124(1)
Homophones 125(2)
Native Language Guide 127(57)
Chinese 127(8)
Farsi 135(3)
Filipino Languages 138(3)
French 141(5)
German 146(4)
Indian Languages 150(4)
Indonesian 154(4)
Japanese 158(4)
Korean 162(4)
Portuguese 166(4)
Russian 170(4)
Spanish 174(5)
Vietnamese 179(5)
Index 184
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