1 anatomy
　1.1 basic knowledge
　1.2 portae hepatis
　1.3 pedicle of the caudate lobe
　1.4 peng's transection line
　1.5 anatomical bases of caudate lobe and caudate lobe fossa
　references
2 surgical instrument and dissection technique
　2.1 peng's multifunction operative dissector
　2.2 curettage and aspiration dissection technique
　references
3 surgical procedures
　3.1 position
　3.2 incision
　3.3 mobilization of the liver
　3.4 taping vessels
　　3.4.1 taping the ivc
　　3.4.2 taping the common trunk of the mhv and lhv
　　3.4.3 taping the rhv
　3.5 detachment from surrounding structures
　　3.5.1 detachment from the ivc (the third porta hepatis)
　　3.5.2 detachment from the hilum (the first porta hepatis)""
　　3.5.3 detachment from neighboring liver and hepatic veins (the　second porta hepatis)
3.6 isolated resection of the caudate lobe by the anterior approach
　　3.6.1 indications
　　3.6.2 surgical procedure
　references
4　approaches to the caudate lobe
　4.1 left-sided approach
　　4.1.1 purely left approach for metastasis from colonic cancer"
　4.2 right-sided approach
　4.3 bilateral (combined) approach
　　4.3.1 combined approach for metastasis from gallbladder　carcinoma
　　4.3.2 isolated complete combined resection for hcc
　4.4 anterior transhepatic approach
　　4.4.1 anterior transhepatic approach for hcc (1)
　　4.4.2 anterior transhepatic approach for hcc (2)
　　4.4.3 anterior transhepatic approach (split of the upper half of the midplane) for hemangioma
　　4.4.4 anterior transhepatic approach for hcc (3)
　references
5　classification of caudate lobe resection
　5.1 isolated complete resection of the caudate lobe
　　 5.1.1 isolated complete resection of the caudate lobe for　angioleiomyolipoma (1)
　　 5.1.2 isolated complete resection of the caudate lobe for　angioleiomyolipoma (2)
　　 5.1.3 isolated complete resection of the caudate lobe for　hemangioma mainly by left approach
　　 5.1.4 isolated complete resection of the caudate lobe by　coinbined approach
　……
6　retrograde resection of caudate lobe
7　measures for safe resection of caudate lobe
8 laparoscopic resection of caudate lobe
index