Table Of Contents:
Acknowledgments xxi

Chapter 1 An Introduction: The Books, CDs, DVD, and Website 1(8)

I Trial Advocacy Today 3(1)

II The Books 4(2)

III The CDs 6(1)

IV The DVD: Movie of a Trial and Crime Scene 7(1)

V Website 7(1)

VI Final Thoughts 7(2)

Chapter 2 Persuasion Principles 9(26)

I Persuasion Principles 11(1)

II Persuasive Messenger: The Lawyer 12(9)

A Projecting Sincerity: Nine Points 13(1)

1 Be Sincere 13(1)

2 Deliver on Promises 13(1)

3 Admit Weaknesses 14(1)

4 Be Civil 14(1)

5 Be Open 15(1)

6 Sell with Plain Language and Integrity 16(1)

7 Be Yourself 17(1)

8 Meet Judicial Expectations 17(2)

9 Maintain a Good Reputation 19(1)

B Inspirational Role Model 19(2)

III Persuasive Media 21(9)

A Nonverbal Media: Lawyer Appearance 21(4)

B The Visual Media 25(2)

C Verbal Media: Persuasive Language 27(3)

IV Ethical Considerations 30(1)

Checklist: Persuasion 31(4)

Chapter 3 Case Theory and Theme Development 35(44)

I Case Theory 37(1)

II Developing the Case Theory 38(2)

A Case Theory Components 38(1)

B Relationship Between the Legal and Factual Theory 39(1)

III Plaintiff's Case Theory 40(17)

A Legal Theory 40(1)

B Selecting the Legal Theory 41(8)

C Factual Theory 49(6)

D Case Assessment 55(2)

IV Defendant's Case Theory 57(10)

A Types of Theories 57(1)

1 Attacking Weaknesses in the Plaintiff's Case Theory 57(1)

2 Affirmative Defense 58(1)

3 Negotiation and Settlement 58(1)

B Legal Insufficiency 58(3)

C Factual Insufficiency 61(1)

D Persuasive Insufficiency 62(3)

E Procedural Insufficiency 65(1)

F Affirmative Defense 65(2)

V Multiple Legal Theories 67(1)

A Evidence Gathering 67(1)

B Strategic Sequence 68(1)

C Alternatives 68(1)

VI Case Theme 68(3)

A Attributes of a Good Theme 69(1)

B Detecting the Theme 70(1)

VII Tentative Closing Argument 71(1)

VIII Test Drive 71(1)

IX Case Theory as a Comprehensive Guide 72(1)

X Ethical Considerations 72(1)

Checklist: Case Theory and Theme Development 73(6)

Chapter 4 Jury Selection: Two-Way Exchange 79(78)

I Conceptual Framework 81(10)

A Rules, Procedures, and Terminology 82(3)

B Procedures and Practices for Questioning 85(5)

C Exercising Challenges 90(1)

II Planning Jury Selection 91(15)

A Being Organized 91(4)

B Jury Consultant 95(1)

C Obtaining Information About Jurors 95(4)

D Designing Juror Profiles 99(5)

E Objections and Motions 104(2)

III Model Approach for Jury Selection 106(8)

A Setting Objectives 106(1)

B A Positive Relationship 107(4)

C Jury Selection Agenda 111(1)

D Introductory and Concluding Remarks 111(3)

IV Jury Selection Questions 114(27)

A Gathering Information 114(1)

B Framing Questions 115(2)

C Challenge for Cause Questions 117(6)

D Case Theory and Theme Questions 123(7)

E Case Weaknesses Questions 130(4)

F Personal Questions 134(1)

G Trial Questions 135(2)

H Case-Specific Questions 137(4)

V Strategies 141(9)

A Exercising Challenges 141(6)

B Analyzing Prospective Jurors 147(3)

VI Ethical Considerations 150(4)

A Trial Publicity 150(3)

B Jury Impartiality 153(1)

Checklist: Jury Selection 154(3)

Chapter 5 Opening Statement: Storytelling 157(50)

I Developing Opening Statement 159(1)

II Selecting the Content 160(15)

A Setting the Objectives 160(1)

B Legal Theory 160(2)

C Factual Theory: The Story 162(7)

D Admissible Evidence 169(1)

E Weaknesses and the Other Side's Case 169(2)

F Case Theme 171(2)

G Damages 173(1)

H Waiver and Reserving Opening 174(1)

I Bench Trial 175(1)

III Crafting the Opening 175(13)

A Gathering Information and Refining the Opening Statement 175(1)

B Writing the Opening Statement 176(1)

C Structuring the Opening Statement 176(8)

D Storytelling 184(1)

E Choosing Length 185(1)

F Avoiding Noise 186(2)

IV Delivering the Opening 188(4)

A Staging in the Courtroom 188(2)

B Your Performance 190(2)

V Visuals in Opening 192(9)

A Permissibility 192(1)

B Planning and Preparation 193(1)

C Storytelling with Visuals 194(7)

VI Ethical Considerations 201(4)

A Personal Opinion 201(2)

B Overpromising 203(1)

C Introducing Irrelevant Matter 204(1)

Checklist: Opening Statement: Storytelling 205(2)

Chapter 6 Making and Meeting Objections 207(46)

I Overview 209(4)

A Objectives 209(1)

B Objection Theory 210(3)

II Judgment 213(3)

A Sound Basis 214(1)

B Case Theories 214(1)

C The Audience: Jury and Judge 215(1)

III Making Objections 216(11)

A Timing 216(9)

B Phrasing the Objection 225(2)

C Requesting a Remedy 227(1)

IV Meeting Objections 227(4)

A Pretrial Preparation 227(1)

B Silence and Principles for Phrasing 228(1)

C Erroneous Objections 228(3)

D Perseverance 231(1)

V Objection Strategies 231(9)

A Protecting the Record 232(4)

B Courtroom Appearance and Decorum 236(1)

C Arguing out of the Jury's Presence 237(1)

D Defeating Dirty, Rotten Tricks 238(2)

VI Ethical Considerations 240(9)

Checklist: Making and Meeting Objections 249(4)

Chapter 7 Introducing Exhibits 253(56)

I Getting Exhibits Admitted 255(1)

II Planning to Use Exhibits 256(8)

A Objectives for Introducing Exhibits 256(1)

B Preparation 256(1)

1 Identifying and Creating Potential Exhibits 256(1)

2 Selecting Exhibits 257(2)

C Legal Research and Briefing 259(2)

D Prepare Your Witness 261(1)

E The Exhibit List 261(1)

F Judicial Expectations 262(2)

III Introducing an Exhibit 264(6)

A The Song and Dance Routine 264(1)

1 Getting the Exhibit Marked for Identification 265(1)

2 Showing the Exhibit to Opposing Counsel 265(1)

3 Laying the Foundation 265(2)

4 Offering the Exhibit 267(1)

5 Meeting Objections 267(1)

B Making a Record 268(1)

C Timing of an Exhibit 268(2)

IV Laying a Foundation 270(3)

A Stipulation 270(1)

B Court Ruling on Admissibility 271(1)

C Essential Evidence Rules 271(2)

V Real Evidence 273(4)

A Definition and Overview 273(1)

B Readily Identifiable Real Evidence 274(2)

C Fungible Real Evidence: Chain of Custody 276(1)

VI Documentary Evidence 277(19)

A Definition and Overview 277(1)

B Authentication 278(1)

1 E-mails 279(3)

2 Other Electronic Messages 282(1)

3 Websites and Web Pages 283(1)

4 Traditional Documents and Signatures 283(2)

5 Self-Authentication 285(1)

C Original Writing Rule 286(2)

D Hearsay 288(1)

1 Refreshed Recollection and Recorded Recollections 289(2)

2 Business Records 291(2)

3 Public Records and Reports 293(1)

4 Rule 1006 Summary Chart 294(2)

VII Demonstrative Evidence 296(8)

A Definition and Overview 296(1)

B Photographs, Videos, Diagrams, and Models 296(1)

1 Photographs 296(2)

2 Videos 298(1)

3 Non-Scale Diagram of the Store 299(1)

4 Model of the Store 300(1)

C Computer Animations 301(1)

1 A Witnessed Event 301(1)

2 Animation to Assist an Expert 302(1)

D Computer Simulation 302(1)

E Summary Charts 303(1)

VIII Ethical Considerations 304(2)

Checklist: Introducing Exhibits 306(3)

Chapter 8 The Visual Trial and Today's Technology 309(22)

I Visuals and the High-Tech Trial 311(1)

II Reasons to Use or Not Use Visuals 312(1)

III Displaying the Exhibit 313(6)

A Courtroom Technology 313(1)

B Courtroom Practices 314(1)

C Using a Document Camera 314(1)

D Publishing or Parading the Exhibit 315(1)

E Showing or Reading the Exhibit 316(1)

F Display for the Jury 316(1)

G Using a Computer 317(2)

H Demeanor 319(1)

IV Today's Technology 319(7)

A Software and Courtroom Presentations 319(1)

B The Creator 320(1)

C The Equipment 320(3)

D The Display 323(2)

E Computer-Created Visuals 325(1)

F Disclosure and Court Approval 325(1)

G Software Sampler 326(1)

V Ethical Considerations 326(1)

Checklist: Visual Trial and Technology 327(4)

Chapter 9 Direct Examination: Building the Case 331(66)

I Underlying Principles 333(1)

II Selecting Content 334(16)

A Case Theory as a Guide 334(1)

B Legal Theory 335(2)

C Factual Theory 337(9)

D Case Weaknesses 346(4)

E Admissibility 350(1)

III Structuring Direct Examination 350(4)

A Introduction 350(1)

B Body 351(3)

C Conclusion 354(1)

IV Essential Evidence Rules 354(5)

A Witness Competency 354(1)

B Impeaching Your Own Witness 355(1)

C Leading Questions 355(1)

D Present Recollection Refreshed 355(2)

E Past Recollection Recorded 357(1)

F Lay Witness Opinion 358(1)

V Conducting Direct Examination 359(24)

A Judicial Expectations 359(2)

B Witness Preparation 361(5)

C Staging 366(2)

D Your Preparation 368(1)

E Mirroring Jury Instructions 369(2)

F Form of the Questions 371(3)

G Listening to the Answer 374(1)

H Providing Markers for the Jury 374(1)

I Highlighting the Important Information 375(2)

J Audience Interest 377(1)

K Exhibits 378(3)

L Problematic Witnesses 381(2)

VI Other Sources Of Testimony 383(2)

A Deposition 383(1)

B Other Pretrial Case Documents 384(1)

C Stipulation 384(1)

D Judicial Notice 384(1)

VII Visuals for Direct Examination 385(2)

A Direct Examination in Complex Cases 385(1)

B Courtroom Demonstrations 386(1)

VIII Appellate Record 387(1)

IX Redirect and Rebuttal 388(2)

A Redirect 388(1)

B Rebuttal 389(1)

X Order of Witnesses 390(1)

XI Ethical Considerations 390(3)

A Coaching 390(1)

B False Evidence 391(2)

Checklist: Direct Examination 393(4)

Chapter 10 Cross-Examination: Concession Seeking 397(50)

I The Four C's of Cross-Examination 399(1)

II Content 400(8)

A Purpose of Cross-Examination 400(1)

B Case Theory as Guide 400(1)

C Tentative Closing Argument 401(2)

D The Concession-Seeking Question 403(2)

E Brainstorming for Content 405(3)

III Construction 408(19)

A Formulating Cross-Examination Questions 409(15)

B Types of Questions, Sequencing, and Transitioning 424(3)

IV Behavior of Counsel 427(1)

V Controlling a Witness 428(3)

VI Evidence Rules 431(5)

A Scope of Cross and Leading Questions 431(1)

B Improbability, Bias, Motive, Perception, or Ability to Relate 431(1)

C Prior Inconsistent Statements 432(2)

D Prior Convictions 434(2)

E Prior Bad Acts Probative of Untruthfulness 436(1)

VII Conducting Cross-Examination 436(5)

A No Questions 437(1)

B Staging 437(1)

C Demeanor 438(1)

D Notes and Note Taking 439(1)

E Listening to the Answer 440(1)

F Highlighting Important Information 440(1)

G Bench Trial 441(1)

VIII Using Visuals In Cross-Examination 441(1)

IX Ethical Considerations 442(1)

Checklist: Cross-Examination 443(4)

Chapter 11 Experts: Yours and Theirs 447(60)

I Overview 450(1)

II Essential Evidence Rules: Experts 450(5)

A Qualifications and Ultimate Opinion 451(1)

B Reliability of the Expert's Field 451(2)

C Basis for Opinion 453(1)

D Hypothetical Questions 453(2)

III Structuring Direct Examination 455(27)

A Preparing Yourself 455(2)

B Preparing Your Expert 457(1)

C Selecting Content 458(3)

D Components of Expert's Direct 461(1)

1 The Expert's Qualifications 462(6)

2 Reliability of the Expert's Field 468(1)

3 Procedures and Factual Basis for the Expert's Opinion 469(4)

4 Counteracting the Opposing Party's Attack 473(1)

5 The Expert's Opinion 474(1)

E Conducting Direct 475(4)

F Visuals 479(3)

IV Cross-Examination of Experts 482(20)

A Preparing 482(2)

B Selecting Content of Cross 484(2)

C Concession-Seeking Cross 486(4)

D Discrediting 490(11)

E Structuring Cross 501(1)

F Conducting Cross 501(1)

V Ethical Concerns 502(1)

Checklist: Experts 503(4)

Chapter 12 Jury Instructions: The Jury's Law 507(28)

I Overview 509(1)

II Drafting Proposed Jury Instructions 510(16)

A Preparation 511(1)

B Writing and Organizing Proposed Instructions 512(5)

C Legal Theory as a Guide 517(2)

D Correctly Stating the Law 519(1)

E Factual Theory as a Guide 520(4)

F Guarding Against Juror Online Research 524(2)

III Presenting and Advocating For Instructions 526(6)

A Court Procedures and Practices 526(3)

B Organization 529(1)

C Other Strategies 529(3)

IV Ethical Considerations 532(1)

Checklist: Jury Instructions 533(2)

Chapter 13 Closing Argument: Art of Argument 535(56)

I Overview 537(1)

II Planning Closing Argument 538(20)

A Preparation 538(3)

B Case Theories as Guides 541(11)

C Accentuating the Theme 552(1)

D Responding to Your Adversary's Case Theory and Attacks on Your Case Theory 553(2)

E Juror Beliefs and Expectations 555(2)

F Write It 557(1)

G Length 557(1)

H Bench Trial 557(1)

III The Art of Argument 558(11)

A Aristotelian Appeals 558(2)

B Sources for Argument 560(4)

C Selecting Persuasive Language 564(5)

IV Structuring Closing 569(8)

A Beginning Remarks 569(2)

B The Body 571(2)

C Conclusion 573(2)

D Rebuttal 575(2)

V Delivering Closing 577(1)

VI Visuals For Closing 578(5)

A Illustrating the Use of Visuals 578(2)

B Visuals in Diverse Cases 580(3)

VII Ethical Considerations 583(4)

A Personal Opinion 584(1)

B Venturing Outside the Record 585(1)

C Irrelevant Material 585(1)

D The Golden Rule 586(1)

Checklist: Closing Argument 587(4)
Index 591