Power system analysis and design =电力系统分析与设计 / 3rd ed.

Preface p. ix
List of Symbols, Units, and Notation p. xiii
Introduction p. 1
Case Study: Restructuring and Reregulation of the U.S. Electric Utility Industry p. 2
History of Electric Power Systems p. 5
Present and Future Trends p. 12
Electric Utility Industry Structure p. 15
Computers in Power System Engineering p. 16
PowerWorld Simulator p. 17
Fundamentals p. 25
Case Study: Restructuring the Thin-Stretched Grid p. 26
Phasors p. 34
Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase ac Circuits p. 36
Complex Power p. 41
Network Equations p. 46
Balanced Three-Phase Circuits p. 49
Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits p. 57
Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase versus Single-Phase Systems p. 61
Power Transformers p. 71
Case Study: How Electric Utilities Buy Quality When They Buy Transformers p. 72
The Ideal Transformer p. 76
Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers p. 82
The Per-Unit System p. 88
Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift p. 96
Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers p. 101
Three-Winding Transformers p. 106
Autotransformers p. 109
Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios p. 111
Transmission-Line Parameters p. 130
Case Study: Special Report--Transmission Structures p. 131
Transmission Line Design Considerations p. 145
Resistance p. 151
Conductance p. 154
Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor p. 154
Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing p. 159
Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors p. 162
Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return p. 170
Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor p. 175
Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing p. 178
Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors p. 180
Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return p. 184
Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level p. 189
Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines p. 192
Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation p. 199
Case Study: FACTS Technology Development: An Update p. 200
Medium and Short Line Approximations p. 208
Transmission-Line Differential Equations p. 215
Equivalent [pi] Circuit p. 221
Lossless Lines p. 223
Maximum Power Flow p. 232
Line Loadability p. 234
Reactive Compensation Techniques p. 239
Power Flows p. 250
Case Study: Visualizing the Electric Grid p. 251
Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination p. 261
Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel p. 265
Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton-Raphson p. 271
The Power-Flow Problem p. 275
Power-Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel p. 281
Power-Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson p. 284
Control of Power Flow p. 292
Sparsity Techniques p. 296
Fast Decoupled Power Flow p. 299
Design Projects 1-5 p. 307
Symmetrical Faults p. 319
Case Study: The Problem of Arcing Faults in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Systems p. 320
Series R-L Circuit Transients p. 322
Three-Phase Short Circuit--Unloaded Synchronous Machine p. 325
Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits p. 328
Bus Impedance Matrix p. 332
Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection p. 340
Design Project 4 (continued) p. 354
Symmetrical Components p. 356
Definition of Symmetrical Components p. 357
Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads p. 362
Sequence Networks of Series Impedances p. 370
Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines p. 372
Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines p. 374
Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers p. 380
Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers p. 385
Power in Sequence Networks p. 388
Unsymmetrical Faults p. 396
Case Study: Fires at U.S. Utilities p. 397
System Representation p. 398
Single Line-to-Ground Fault p. 403
Line-to-Line Fault p. 408
Double Line-to-Ground Fault p. 410
Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices p. 417
Design Project 4 (continued) p. 435
Design Project 6 p. 436
System Protection p. 438
Case Study: Digital Relay Reports Verify Power System Models p. 439
System Protection Components p. 449
Instrument Transformers p. 450
Overcurrent Relays p. 457
Radial System Protection p. 461
Reclosers and Fuses p. 466
Directional Relays p. 469
Protection of Two-Source System with Directional Relays p. 471
Zones of Protection p. 472
Line Protection with Impedance (Distance) Relays p. 475
Differential Relays p. 482
Bus Protection with Differential Relays p. 484
Transformer Protection with Differential Relays p. 485
Pilot Relaying p. 490
Digital Relaying p. 491
Power System Controls p. 504
Case Study: Meet the Emerging Transmission Market Segments p. 507
Generator-Voltage Control p. 516
Turbine-Governor Control p. 517
Load-Frequency Control p. 521
Economic Dispatch p. 525
Optimal Power Flow p. 538
Transmission Lines: Transient Operation p. 547
Case Study: Protecting Computer Systems Against Power Transients p. 548
Case Study: VariSTAR Type AZE Surge Arresters p. 555
Traveling Waves on Single-Phase Lossless Lines p. 558
Boundary Conditions for Single-Phase Lossless Lines p. 561
Bewley Lattice Diagram p. 570
Discrete-Time Models of Single-Phase Lossless Lines and Lumped RLC Elements p. 575
Lossy Lines p. 582
Multiconductor Lines p. 586
Power System Overvoltages p. 589
Insulation Coordination p. 596
Transient Stability p. 608
Case Study: The Great Blackout p. 610
The Swing Equation p. 613
Simplified Synchronous Machine Model and System Equivalents p. 619
The Equal-Area Criterion p. 621
Numerical Integration of the Swing Equation p. 628
Multimachine Stability p. 633
Design Methods for Improving Transient Stability p. 638
Appendix p. 644
Index p. 648