Table Of Contents:
Preface vii
Part I Elements 3(56)

Sound: Pitch, Dynamics, and Tone Color 6(5)

Pitch: Highness or Lowness of Sound 6(2)

Dynamics 8(1)

Tone Color 9(1)

Listening Outlines, Vocal Music Guides, and the Properties of Sound 9(1)

Lohengrin, Prelude to Act III 10(1)

Richard Wagner

Listening Outline

C-Jam Blues, by Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra 11(1)

Listening Outline

Performing Media: Voices and Instruments 11(21)

Voices 11(1)

Musical Instruments 12(18)

String Instruments 14(3)

Woodwind Instruments 17(4)

Brass Instruments 21(1)

Percussion Instruments 22(4)

Keyboard Instruments 26(2)

Electronic Instruments 28(2)

The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, Op. 34 30(2)

Benjamin Britten

Listening Outline

Rhythm 32(3)

Beat 32(1)

Meter 33(1)

Accent and Syncopation 34(1)

Tempo 34(1)

Music Notation 35(4)

Notating Pitch 35(2)

Notating Rhythm 37(2)

Notating Silence (Rests) 39(1)

Notating Meter 39(1)

The Score 39(1)

Melody 39(3)

Harmony 42(2)

Consonance and Dissonance 43(1)

The Triad 43(1)

Broken Chords (Arpeggios) 44(1)

Key 44(4)

The Major Scale 44(1)

The Minor Scale 45(1)

The Key Signature 46(1)

The Chromatic Scale 47(1)

Modulation: Change of Key 47(1)

Tonic Key 48(1)

Musical Texture 48(4)

Monophonic Texture 48(1)

Polyphonic Texture 48(1)

Homophonic Texture 49(1)

Changes of Texture 50(1)

Farandole from L'Arlesienne (The Woman from Arles) Suite No. 2 50(2)

Georges Bizet

Listening Outline

Musical Form 52(4)

Techniques That Create Musical Form 52(1)

Repetition 52(1)

Contrast 52(1)

Variation 53(1)

Types of Musical Form 53(1)

Three-Part (Ternary) Form: A B A 53(1)

Dance of the Reed Pipes from Nutcracker Suite 53(2)

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Listening Outline

Two-Part (Binary) Form: A B 55(1)

Forlane from Suite No. 1 in C Major for Orchestra 55(1)

Johann Sebastian Bach

Listening Outline

Listening for Form 56(1)

Musical Style 56(3)
Part II The Middle Ages and Renaissance 59(30)

Music in the Middle Ages (450-1450) 65(11)

Gregorian Chant 65(2)

The Church Modes 67(1)

Alleluia: Vidimus stellam (We have seen his star) 67(2)

Vocal Music Guide

O successores (You successors), by Hildegard of Bingen 69(2)

Vocal Music Guide

Secular Music in The Middle Ages 71(1)

Estampie 72(1)

The Development of Polyphony: Organum 72(1)

School of Notre Dame: Measured Rhythm 73(1)

Fourteenth-Century Music: The ``New Art'' in France 74(1)

Guillaume de Machaut 74(2)

Notre Dame Mass: Agnus Dei 74(2)

Vocal Music Guide

Music in the Renaissance (1450-1600) 76(13)

Characteristics of Renaissance Music 77(1)

Words and Music 77(1)

Texture 77(1)

Rhythm and Melody 78(1)

Sacred Music in the Renaissance 78(5)

Josquin Desprez and the Renaissance Motet 78(1)

Ave Maria ... virgo serena (Hail Mary ... serene virgin) 78(2)

Vocal Music Guide

Palestrina and the Renaissance Mass 80(2)

Pope Marcellus Mass: Kyrie 82(1)

Secular Music in the Renaissance 83(2)

Vocal Music: The Renaissance Madrigal 83(1)

As Vesta Was Descending 84(1)

Thomas Weelkes

Vocal Music Guide

Instrumental Music 85(1)

Passamezzo and Galliard 86(3)

Pierre Francisque Caroubel

Michael Praetorius
Part III The Baroque Period 89(56)

Baroque Music (1600-1750) 94(4)

Characteristics of Baroque Music 95(2)

Unity of Mood 95(1)

Rhythm 95(1)

Melody 95(1)

Dynamics 95(1)

Texture 96(1)

Chords and the Basso Continuo (Figured Bass) 96(1)

Words and Music 97(1)

The Baroque Orchestra 97(1)

Baroque Forms 98(1)

Music in Baroque Society 98(3)

The Concerto Grosso and Ritornello Form 101(4)

Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 in D Major, by Johann Sebastian Bach: First Movement 102(3)

Listening Outline

The Fugue 105(3)

Organ Fugue in G Minor (Little Fugue) 106(2)

Johann Sebastian Bach

Listening Outline

The Elements of Opera 108(4)

Opera in the Baroque Era 112(2)

Claudio Monteverdi 114(3)

Orfeo (Orpheus) 115(2)

Vocal Music Guide: Tu se morta (You are dead) 116(1)

Henry Purcell 117(3)

Ground Bass 118(1)

Dido and Aeneas 118(2)

Vocal Music Guide: Dido's Lament 119(1)

The Baroque Sonata 120(1)

Trio Sonata in A Minor, Op. 3, No. 10 120(1)

Arcangelo Corelli

Antonio Vivaldi 121(5)

La Primavera (Spring), Concerto for Violin and String Orchestra, Op. 8, No. 1, from The Four Seasons 122(4)

Listening Outline: First Movement 124(2)

Johann Sebastian Bach 126(2)

Bach's Music 127(1)

The Baroque Suite 128(2)

Suite No. 3 in D Major 129(1)

Johann Sebastian Bach

The Chorale and Church Cantata 130(7)

The Church Cantata 130(1)

Cantata No. 140: Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme (Awake, a voice is calling us) 131(6)

Johann Sebastian Bach

Vocal Music Guides: Fourth Movement; Seventh Movement

The Oratorio 137(1)

George Frideric Handel 137(8)

Handel's Music 138(1)

Messiah 139(6)

Vocal Music Guides: Ev'ry Valley Shall Be Exalted; 140(2)

Hallelujah Chorus 142(3)
Part IV The Classical Period 145(58)

The Classical Style (1750-1820) 150(3)

Characteristics of the Classical Style 150(2)

Contrast of Mood 150(1)

Rhythm 151(1)

Texture 151(1)

Melody 151(1)

Dynamics and the Piano 151(1)

The End of the Basso Continuo 152(1)

The Classical Orchestra 152(1)

Classical Forms 152(1)

Composer, Patron, and Public in the Classical Period 153(3)

Vienna 155(1)

Sonata Form 156(5)

Exposition 157(1)

Development 157(1)

Recapitulation 157(1)

Coda 158(1)

Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: First Movement 158(3)

Listening Outline

Theme and Variations 161(3)

Symphony No. 94 in G Major (Surprise), by Joseph Haydn: Second Movement 162(2)

Listening Outline

Minuet and Trio 164(2)

Eine kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music), K. 525, by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Third Movement 165(1)

Listening Outline

Rondo 166(2)

String Quartet in C Minor, Op. 18, No. 4, by Ludwig van Beethoven: Fourth Movement 166(2)

Listening Outline

The Classical Symphony 168(1)

The Classical Concerto 169(1)

Classical Chamber Music 170(1)

Joseph Haydn 170(3)

Haydn's Music 172(1)

Trumpet Concerto in E Flat Major 172(1)

Third Mmovement 172(1)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 173(12)

Mozart's Music 175(1)

Don Giovanni 175(7)

Act I: Excerpt from Opening Scene 176(1)

Vocal Music Guide

Act 1: Madamina (Leporello's catalog aria) 177(5)

Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 182(2)

Piano Concerto No. 23 in A Major, K. 488 184(1)

Listening Outline: First Movement

Ludwig Van Beethoven 185(18)

Beethoven's Music 189(1)

Piano Sonata in C Minor, Op. 13 (Pathetique) 190(3)

Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Op. 67 193(10)

Listening Outlines: First Movement 194(3)

Second Movement 197(6)
Part V The Romantic Period 203(76)

Romanticism in Music (1820 --- 1900) 209(4)

Characteristics of Romantic Music 209(4)

Individuality of Style 209(1)

Expressive Aims and Subjects 209(1)

Nationalism and Exoticism 210(1)

Program Music 210(1)

Expressive Tone Color 210(1)

Colorful Harmony 211(1)

Expanded Range of Dynamics, Pitch, and Tempo 212(1)

Forms: Miniature and Monumental 212(1)

Romantic Composers and Their Public 213(2)

The Art Song 215(1)

Strophic and Through-Compossed Form 216(1)

The Song Cycle 216(1)

Franz Schubert 216(5)

Schubert's Music 217(1)

Erlkonig (The Erlking) 218(3)

Vocal Music Guide

Robert Schumann 221(3)

Robert Schumann's Music 222(1)

Carnaval 222(2)

Clara Wieck Schumann 224(3)

Clara Wieck Schumann's Music 225(1)

Romance in G Minor for Violin and Piano, Op. 22, No. 2 225(2)

Listening Outline

Frederic Chopin 227(5)

Chopin's Music 228(1)

Nocturne in E Flat Major, Op. 9, No. 2 228(2)

Listening Outline

Etude in C Minor, Op. 10, No. 12 (Revolutionary) 230(1)

Listening Outline

Polonaise in A Flat Major, Op. 53 231(1)

Franz Liszt 232(3)

Liszt's Music 234(1)

Transcendental Etude No. 10 in F Minor 234(1)

Felix Mendelssohn 235(3)

Mendelssohn's Music 236(1)

Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in E Minor, Op. 64: First Movement 236(2)

Program Music 238(1)

Hector Berlioz 239(6)

Berlioz's Music 240(1)

Symphonie fantastique (Fantastic Symphony) 241(4)

Listening Outline: Fourth Movement 242(3)

Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Music 245(4)

The Moldau 247(2)

Bedrich Smetana

Listening Outline

Antonin Dvorak 249(4)

Symphony No. 9 in E Minor (From the New World) 250(3)

Listening Outline: First Movement 251(2)

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky 253(2)

Tchaikovsky's Music 253(1)

Romeo and Juliet, Overture-Fantasy 254(1)

Johannes Brahms 255(5)

Brahms's Music 257(1)

Ein Deutsches Requiem (A German Requiem) 257(3)

Vocal Music Guide: How Lovely Is Thy Dwelling Place 258(2)

Giuseppe Verdi 260(3)

Verdi's Music 261(1)

Rigoletto 262(1)

Giacomo Puccini 263(7)

La Boheme 263(7)

Vocal Music Guide: Act 1: From Mimi's entrance through Che gelida manina 265(5)

Richard Wagner 270(9)

Wagner's Music 271(1)

Die Walkure (The Valkyrie) 272(7)

Vocal Music Guide: Act, I, Love Scene, Conclusion 274(5)
Part VI The Twentieth Century 279(106)

Musical Styles: 1900 --- 1945 285(8)

1900-1945: An Age of Musical Diversity 285(2)

Characteristics of Twentieth-Century Music 287(6)

Tone Color 287(1)

Harmony 288(1)

(Consonance and dissonance; New chord structures) 289(1)

Alternatives to the Traditional Tonal System 290(1)

Rhythm 291(2)

Melody 293(1)

Music and Musicians in Society 293(3)

Impressionism and Symbolism 296(2)

French Impressionist Painting 296(1)

French Symbolist Poetry 297(1)

Claude Debussy 298(4)

Debussy's Music 299(1)

Prelude a 'L' Apres-midi d'un faune (Prelude to The Afternoon of a Faun) 300(2)

Listening Outline

Neoclassicism 302(1)

Igor Stravinsky 303(7)

Stravinsky's Music 304(1)

Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) 305(5)

Listening Outline: Part I, Introduction, Omens of Spring --- Dances of the Youths and Maidens, Ritual of Abduction 308(2)

Expressionism 310(2)

Arnold Schoenberg 312(7)

Schoenberg's Music 313(2)

Atonality 313(1)

The Twelve-Tone System 313(2)

Pierrot lunaire, Op. 21 315(2)

Vocal Music Guide: Mondestruncken (Moondrunk) 316(1)

A Survivor from Warsaw, Op. 46 317(2)

Vocal Music Guide

Alban Berg 319(5)

Wozzeck 320(4)

Anton Webern 324(2)

Webern's Music 325(1)

Five Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 10 325(1)

Listening Outline: Third Piece 326(1)

Bela Bartok 326(3)

Bartok's Music 327(1)

Concerto for Orchestra 328(1)

Listening Outline: Second Movement 329(1)

Charles Ives 329(3)

Ives's Music 330(1)

Putnam's Camp, Redding, Connecticut, from Three places in New England 331(1)

George Gershwin 332(3)

Rhapsody in Blue 333(2)

William Grant Still 335(2)

Afro-American Symphony 336(1)

Listening Outline: Third Movement 336(1)

Aaron Copland 337(4)

Appalachian Spring 339(2)

Listening Outline: Theme and Variations on Simple Gifts 340(1)

Musical Styles since 1945 341(11)

Characteristics of Music since 1945 341(11)

Increased Use of the Twelve-Tone System 342(1)

Extensions of the Twelve-Tone System: Searialism 343(1)

Chance Music 344(1)

Minimalist Music 345(1)

Musical Quotation 346(1)

Return to Tonality 347(1)

Electronic Music 348(1)

``Liberation of Sound'' 349(2)

Mixed Media 351(1)

Rhythm and Form 352(1)

Music Since 1945: Four Representative Pieces 352(8)

Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano 352(2)

John Cage

Sonata II 353(1)

Poeme electronique (Electronic Poem) 354(1)

Edgard Varese

Listening Outline: Opening Segment 355(1)

Einstein on the Beach 355(3)

Philip Glass

Listening Outline: Knee Play 1 357(1)

Concerto Grosso 1985 358(2)

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich

Listening Outline: First Movement 359(1)

Jazz 360(13)

Jazz in Society 360(1)

Roots of Jazz 361(2)

Ragtime 362(1)

Blues 362(1)

Lost Your Head Blues 363(2)

Bessie Smith

Vocal Music Guide

Elements of Jazz 365(2)

Tone Color 365(1)

Improvisation 366(1)

Rhythm, Melody, and Harmony 366(1)

Jazz Styles 367(6)

New Orleans Style 367(1)

Hotter Than That, by Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five 368(1)

Swing 369(1)

Bebop 370(1)

Bloomdido 370(1)

Charlie Parker

Cool Jazz 371(1)

Free Jazz 371(1)

Jazz Rock (Fusion) 371(1)

Miles Runs the Voodoo Down 372(1)

Miles Davis

The American Musical 373(5)

Musical Theater 373(3)

Elements of the Musical 373(1)

Development of the Musical 374(2)

Leonard Bernstein 376(1)

West Side Story 376(2)

Listening Outline: Tonight Ensemble 378(1)

Rock 378(7)

Development of Rock 379(2)

Elements of Rock 381(1)

Tone Color 381(1)

Rhythm 382(1)

Form, Melody, and Harmony 382(1)

Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, from Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by. the Beatles 382(3)
Part VII Nonwestern Music 385(14)

Music in Nonwestern Cultures 387(2)

Characteristics of Nonwestern Music 387(1)

Oral Tradition 387(1)

Improvisation 387(1)

Voices 387(1)

Instruments 387(1)

Melody, Rhythm, and Texture 388(1)

Interaction between Nonwestern and Western Music 388(1)

Music Sub-Saharan Africa 389(4)

Music in Society 389(2)

Elements of African Music 391(1)

Rhythm and Percussion 391(1)

Vocal Music 391(1)

Texture 391(1)

African Instruments 391(2)

Idiophones 391(1)

Membranophones 392(1)

Aerophones and Chordophones 392(1)

Song from Angola 393(1)

Listening Outline

Classical Music of India 393(6)

Performers 394(1)

Improvisation 394(1)

Elements of Indian Classical Music 394(2)

Melodic Structure: Raga 396(1)

Rhythmic Structure: Tala 396(1)

Instruments 396(1)

Maru-Bihag, by Ravi Shankar 397(2)
Appendixes 399(44)

1 Glossary and Example Locator 400(31)

2 Chronology 431(6)

3 Recordings 437(6)
Acknowledgments 443(2)
Index 445