简介
"This book presents the current carbonaceous fuel conversion technologies based on chemical looping concepts in the context of traditional or conventional technologies. The key features of the chemical looping processes, their ability to generate a sequestration-ready CO2 stream, are thoroughly discussed. Chapter 2 is devoted entirely to the performance of particles in chemical looping technology and covers the subjects of solid particle design, synthesis, properties, and reactive characteristics. The looping processes can be applied for combustion and/or gasification of carbon-based material such as coal, natural gas, petroleum coke, and biomass directly or indirectly for steam, syngas, hydrogen, chemicals, electricity, and liquid fuels production. Details of the energy conversion efficiency and the economics of these looping processes for combustion and gasification applications in contrast to those of the conventional processes are given in Chapters 3, 4, and 5. Finally, Chapter 6 presents additional chemical looping applications that are potentially beneficial, including those for H2 storage and onboard H2 production, CO2 capture in combustion flue gas, power generation using fuel cell, steam-methane reforming, tar sand digestion, and chemicals and liquid fuel production. A CD is appended to this book that contains the chemical looping simulation files and the simulation results based on the ASPEN Plus software for such reactors as gasifier, reducer, oxidizer and combustor, and for such processes as conventional gasification processes, Syngas Chemical Looping Process, Calcium Looping Process, and Carbonation-Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process."--Provided by publisher.
目录
Preface p. xi
Introduction p. 1
Background p. 1
Renewable Energy p. 2
Fossil Energy Outlook p. 4
Coal Combustion p. 8
Energy Conversion Efficiency Improvement p. 9
Flue Gas Pollutant Control Methods p. 11
CO2Capture p. 12
CO2Sequestration p. 15
Coal Gasification p. 18
Chemical Looping Concepts p. 24
Chemical Looping Processes p. 35
Overview of This Book p. 47
References p. 48
Chemical Looping Particles p. 57
Introduction p. 57
Type I Chemical Looping System p. 58
General Particle Characteristics p. 58
Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibrium of Metals and Metal Oxides p. 68
Particle Regeneration with Steam p. 76
Reaction with Oxygen and Heat of Reaction p. 77
Particle Design Considering Heat of Reaction p. 78
Particle Preparation and Recyclability p. 79
Particle Formulation and Effect of Support p. 89
Effect of Particle Size and Mechanical Strength p. 97
Carbon and Sulfur Formation Resistance p. 99
Particle Reaction Mechanism p. 106
Effect of Reactor Design and Gas-Solid Contact Modes p. 107
Selection of Primary Metal for Chemical Looping Combustion of Coal p. 110
Type II Chemical Looping System p. 112
Types of Metal Oxide p. 112
Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibrium of Metal Oxide and Metal Carbonate p. 116
Reaction Characteristics of Ca-Based Sorbents for CO2Capture p. 119
Synthesis of the High-Reactivity PCC-CaO Sorbent p. 122
Reactivity of Calcium Sorbents p. 124
Recyclability of Calcium Oxides p. 126
Concluding Remarks p. 134
References p. 135
Chemical Looping Combustion p. 143
Introduction p. 143
CO2Capture Strategies for Fossil Fuel Combustion Power Plants p. 144
Pulverized Coal Combustion Power Plants p. 144
CO2Capture Strategies p. 146
Chemical Looping Combustion p. 153
Particle Reactive Properties and Their Relationship with CLC Operation p. 156
Key Design and Operational Parameters for a CFB-Based CLC System p. 161
CLC Reactor System Design p. 167
Gaseous Fuel CLC Systems and Operational Results p. 179
Solid Fuel CLC Systems and Operational Results p. 198
Concluding Remarks p. 207
References p. 208
Chemical Looping Gasification Using Gaseous Fuels p. 215
Introduction p. 215
Traditional Coal Gasification Processes p. 216
Electricity Production-Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) p. 216
H2Production p. 223
Liquid Fuel Production p. 227
Iron-Based Chemical Looping Processes Using Gaseous Fuels p. 230
Lane Process and Messerschmitt Process p. 231
U.S. Bureau of Mines Pressurized Fluidized Bed Steam-Iron Process p. 234
Institute of Gas Technology Process p. 236
Syngas Chemical Looping (SCL) Process p. 237
Design, Analysis and Optimization of the Syngas Chemical Looping (SCL) Process p. 241
Thermodynamic Analyses of SCL Reactor Behavior p. 241
ASPEN PLUS Simulation of SCL Reactor Systems p. 251
Syngas Chemical Looping (SCL) Process Testing p. 259
Process Simulation of the Traditional Gasification Process and the Syngas Chemical Looping Process p. 266
Common Assumptions and Model Setup p. 266
Description of Various Systems p. 267
ASPEN PLUS Simulation, Results, and Analyses p. 270
Example of SCL Applications-A Coal-to-Liquid Configuration p. 272
Process Overview p. 272
Mass/Energy Balance and Process Evaluation p. 273
Calcium Looping Process Using Gaseous Fuels p. 275
Description of the Processes p. 277
Reaction Characteristics of the Processes p. 278
Analyses of the Processes p. 288
Enhanced Coal-to-Liquid (CTL) Process with Sulfur and CO2Capture p. 294
Concluding Remarks p. 295
References p. 296
Chemical Looping Gasification Using Solid Fuels p. 301
Introduction p. 301
Chemical Looping Gasification Processes Using Calcium-Based Sorbent p. 302
CO2Acceptor Process p. 303
HyPr-Ring Process p. 308
Zero Emission Coal Alliance Process p. 312
ALSTOM Hybrid Combustion-Gasification Process p. 314
Fuel-Flexible Advanced Gasification-Combustion Process p. 320
General Comments p. 327
Coal-Direct Chemical Looping (CDCL) Processes Using Iron-Based Oxygen Carriers p. 328
Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process-Configuration I p. 329
Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process-Configuration II p. 331
Comments on the Iron-Based Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process p. 333
Challenges to the Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Processes and Strategy for Improvements p. 333
Oxygen-Carrier Particle Reactivity and Char Reaction Enhancement p. 334
Configurations and Conversions of the Reducer p. 336
Performance of the Oxidizer and the Combustor p. 346
Fate of Pollutants and Ash p. 349
Energy Management, Heat Integration, and General Comments p. 351
Process Simulation on the Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process p. 353
ASPEN Model Setup p. 353
Simulation Results p. 355
Concluding Remarks p. 357
References p. 358
Novel Applications of Chemical Looping Technologies p. 363
Introduction p. 363
Hydrogen Storage and Onboard Hydrogen Production p. 364
Compressed Hydrogen Gas and Liquefied Hydrogen p. 364
Metal Hydrides p. 366
Bridged Metal-Organic Frameworks p. 368
Carbon Nanotubes and Graphite Nanofibers p. 369
Onboard Hydrogen Production via Iron Based Materials p. 370
Carbonation-Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process for Carbon Dioxide Capture p. 378
Chemical Looping Gasification Integrated with Fuel Cells p. 385
Chemical Looping Gasification Integrated with Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells p. 385
Direct Solid Fuel Cells p. 386
Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming p. 388
Tar Sand Digestion via Steam Generation p. 390
Liquid Fuel Production from Chemical Looping Gasification p. 391
Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) p. 393
Concluding Remarks p. 396
References p. 397
Subject Index p. 403
Author Index p. 411
Introduction p. 1
Background p. 1
Renewable Energy p. 2
Fossil Energy Outlook p. 4
Coal Combustion p. 8
Energy Conversion Efficiency Improvement p. 9
Flue Gas Pollutant Control Methods p. 11
CO2Capture p. 12
CO2Sequestration p. 15
Coal Gasification p. 18
Chemical Looping Concepts p. 24
Chemical Looping Processes p. 35
Overview of This Book p. 47
References p. 48
Chemical Looping Particles p. 57
Introduction p. 57
Type I Chemical Looping System p. 58
General Particle Characteristics p. 58
Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibrium of Metals and Metal Oxides p. 68
Particle Regeneration with Steam p. 76
Reaction with Oxygen and Heat of Reaction p. 77
Particle Design Considering Heat of Reaction p. 78
Particle Preparation and Recyclability p. 79
Particle Formulation and Effect of Support p. 89
Effect of Particle Size and Mechanical Strength p. 97
Carbon and Sulfur Formation Resistance p. 99
Particle Reaction Mechanism p. 106
Effect of Reactor Design and Gas-Solid Contact Modes p. 107
Selection of Primary Metal for Chemical Looping Combustion of Coal p. 110
Type II Chemical Looping System p. 112
Types of Metal Oxide p. 112
Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibrium of Metal Oxide and Metal Carbonate p. 116
Reaction Characteristics of Ca-Based Sorbents for CO2Capture p. 119
Synthesis of the High-Reactivity PCC-CaO Sorbent p. 122
Reactivity of Calcium Sorbents p. 124
Recyclability of Calcium Oxides p. 126
Concluding Remarks p. 134
References p. 135
Chemical Looping Combustion p. 143
Introduction p. 143
CO2Capture Strategies for Fossil Fuel Combustion Power Plants p. 144
Pulverized Coal Combustion Power Plants p. 144
CO2Capture Strategies p. 146
Chemical Looping Combustion p. 153
Particle Reactive Properties and Their Relationship with CLC Operation p. 156
Key Design and Operational Parameters for a CFB-Based CLC System p. 161
CLC Reactor System Design p. 167
Gaseous Fuel CLC Systems and Operational Results p. 179
Solid Fuel CLC Systems and Operational Results p. 198
Concluding Remarks p. 207
References p. 208
Chemical Looping Gasification Using Gaseous Fuels p. 215
Introduction p. 215
Traditional Coal Gasification Processes p. 216
Electricity Production-Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) p. 216
H2Production p. 223
Liquid Fuel Production p. 227
Iron-Based Chemical Looping Processes Using Gaseous Fuels p. 230
Lane Process and Messerschmitt Process p. 231
U.S. Bureau of Mines Pressurized Fluidized Bed Steam-Iron Process p. 234
Institute of Gas Technology Process p. 236
Syngas Chemical Looping (SCL) Process p. 237
Design, Analysis and Optimization of the Syngas Chemical Looping (SCL) Process p. 241
Thermodynamic Analyses of SCL Reactor Behavior p. 241
ASPEN PLUS Simulation of SCL Reactor Systems p. 251
Syngas Chemical Looping (SCL) Process Testing p. 259
Process Simulation of the Traditional Gasification Process and the Syngas Chemical Looping Process p. 266
Common Assumptions and Model Setup p. 266
Description of Various Systems p. 267
ASPEN PLUS Simulation, Results, and Analyses p. 270
Example of SCL Applications-A Coal-to-Liquid Configuration p. 272
Process Overview p. 272
Mass/Energy Balance and Process Evaluation p. 273
Calcium Looping Process Using Gaseous Fuels p. 275
Description of the Processes p. 277
Reaction Characteristics of the Processes p. 278
Analyses of the Processes p. 288
Enhanced Coal-to-Liquid (CTL) Process with Sulfur and CO2Capture p. 294
Concluding Remarks p. 295
References p. 296
Chemical Looping Gasification Using Solid Fuels p. 301
Introduction p. 301
Chemical Looping Gasification Processes Using Calcium-Based Sorbent p. 302
CO2Acceptor Process p. 303
HyPr-Ring Process p. 308
Zero Emission Coal Alliance Process p. 312
ALSTOM Hybrid Combustion-Gasification Process p. 314
Fuel-Flexible Advanced Gasification-Combustion Process p. 320
General Comments p. 327
Coal-Direct Chemical Looping (CDCL) Processes Using Iron-Based Oxygen Carriers p. 328
Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process-Configuration I p. 329
Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process-Configuration II p. 331
Comments on the Iron-Based Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process p. 333
Challenges to the Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Processes and Strategy for Improvements p. 333
Oxygen-Carrier Particle Reactivity and Char Reaction Enhancement p. 334
Configurations and Conversions of the Reducer p. 336
Performance of the Oxidizer and the Combustor p. 346
Fate of Pollutants and Ash p. 349
Energy Management, Heat Integration, and General Comments p. 351
Process Simulation on the Coal-Direct Chemical Looping Process p. 353
ASPEN Model Setup p. 353
Simulation Results p. 355
Concluding Remarks p. 357
References p. 358
Novel Applications of Chemical Looping Technologies p. 363
Introduction p. 363
Hydrogen Storage and Onboard Hydrogen Production p. 364
Compressed Hydrogen Gas and Liquefied Hydrogen p. 364
Metal Hydrides p. 366
Bridged Metal-Organic Frameworks p. 368
Carbon Nanotubes and Graphite Nanofibers p. 369
Onboard Hydrogen Production via Iron Based Materials p. 370
Carbonation-Calcination Reaction (CCR) Process for Carbon Dioxide Capture p. 378
Chemical Looping Gasification Integrated with Fuel Cells p. 385
Chemical Looping Gasification Integrated with Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells p. 385
Direct Solid Fuel Cells p. 386
Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming p. 388
Tar Sand Digestion via Steam Generation p. 390
Liquid Fuel Production from Chemical Looping Gasification p. 391
Chemical Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling (CLOU) p. 393
Concluding Remarks p. 396
References p. 397
Subject Index p. 403
Author Index p. 411
- 名称
- 类型
- 大小
光盘服务联系方式: 020-38250260 客服QQ：4006604884
云图客服：
用户发送的提问，这种方式就需要有位在线客服来回答用户的问题，这种 就属于对话式的,问题是这种提问是否需要用户登录才能提问
Video Player
×
Audio Player
×
pdf Player
×
亲爱的云图用户，
光盘内的文件都可以直接点击浏览哦
无需下载，在线查阅资料！
