Table Of Contents:

List of contributors x
Foreword xi

David B. Hoyt

Sandra M. Schneider
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xiv

1 Head Injury 1(29)

Leslie Kobayashi

1.1 Scalp Injuries 4(1)

1.2 Skull Fractures 4(7)

1.3 Intracranial Hematomas 11(9)

1.4 Penetrating Head Injury 20(4)

1.5 Transtentorial Herniation 24(2)

1.6 Diffuse Cerebral Edema 26(1)

1.7 Pediatric Head Injury 27(1)

1.8 Diffuse Axonal Injury 28(2)

2 Facial Injury 30(20)

Edward J. Newton

2.1 Eye Injuries 33(4)

2.2 Periorbital Lacerations 37(1)

2.3 Facial Fractures 37(5)

2.4 Nasal Injuries 42(1)

2.5 Penetrating Facial Trauma 42(2)

2.6 Complex Oromaxillofacial Trauma 44(3)

2.7 Facial Nerve Injury 47(1)

2.8 Parotid Gland Injury 48(2)

3 Neck Injury 50(25)

Lydia Lam

Penetrating Neck Injuries 52(1)

3.1 Anatomical Zones of the Neck 52(2)

3.2 Epidemiology of Penetrating Neck Trauma 54(1)

3.3 Physical Examination of Penetrating Injuries of the Neck 54(2)

3.4 Protocol for Initial Evaluation and Management of Penetrating Injuries to the Neck 56(1)

3.5 Radiological Investigations for Penetrating Neck Trauma 57(2)

3.6 Evaluation of the Vascular Structures in the Neck 59(4)

3.7 Evaluation of the Aerodigestive Tract in the Neck 63(2)

3.8 Airway Establishment in the Presence of a Neck Hematoma 65(1)

3.9 Bleeding Control in the Emergency Department 66(2)

3.10 Penetrating Trauma to the Carotid Artery 68(1)

3.11 Penetrating Trauma to the Vertebral Artery 69(1)

3.12 Penetrating Trauma to the Subclavian Vessels 70(2)

Blunt Neck Trauma 71(1)

3.13 Vascular Injuries 72(2)

3.14 Blunt Laryngotracheal Trauma 74(1)

4 Thoracic Injury 75(44)

Peep Talving

4.1 Chest Wall, Soft Tissues 78(1)

4.2 Rib Fractures 78(3)

4.3 Hemo-Pneumothorax 81(8)

4.4 Lung Contusion 89(1)

4.5 Subcutaneous Emphysema 90(2)

4.6 Penetrating Cardiac Injury 92(8)

4.7 Blunt Cardiac Trauma 100(1)

4.8 Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury 101(4)

4.9 Penetrating Thoracic Outlet Injuries 105(2)

4.10 Transmediastinal Gunshot Wounds 107(2)

4.11 Diaphragmatic Injuries 109(5)

4.12 Esophageal Injuries 114(2)

4.13 Thoracic Duct Injury 116(1)

4.14 Traumatic Asphyxia 117(1)

4.15 Impaled Thoracic Foreign Bodies 118(1)

5 Abdominal Injury 119(41)

Kenji Inaba

Blunt Abdominal Trauma 122(1)

5.1 Mechanism of Injury 122(1)

5.2 Diagnosis of Hemoperitoneum 123(2)

5.3 Splenic Injuries 125(2)

5.4 Liver Injuries 127(4)

5.5 Pancreatic Injuries 131(2)

5.6 Renal Injuries 133(2)

5.7 Bladder Injuries 135(2)

5.8 Urethral Injuries 137(2)

5.9 Duodenal Injuries 139(1)

5.10 Small-Bowel Injuries 140(1)

5.11 Colorectal Injuries 141(1)

Penetrating Abdominal Trauma 142(1)

5.12 Mechanism of Injury 142(2)

5.13 Investigations in Penetrating Abdominal Injury 144(1)

5.14 Transpelvic Gunshot Injuries 145(1)

5.15 Penetrating Injuries to the Liver 146(3)

5.16 Penetrating Splenic Injuries 149(1)

5.17 Penetrating Pancreatic Injuries 150(1)

5.18 Penetrating Renal Injuries 150(2)

5.19 Penetrating Colorectal Injuries 152(1)

5.20 Abdominal Vascular Injuries 153(1)

5.21 Abdominal Trauma in Pregnancy 154(6)

6 Musculoskeletal Injury 160(47)

Edward J. Newton

6.1 Classification of Fractures 161(1)

6.2 Open Fractures 162(1)

6.3 Mangled Extremity 163(1)

6.4 Open Joint Injury 164(1)

6.5 Epiphyseal Injuries 165(1)

6.6 Torus and Greenstick Fractures 166(1)

6.7 Supracondylar Fracture 167(1)

6.8 Amputations 168(2)

6.9 Tendon Injury 170(1)

6.10 Peripheral Vascular Injury 170(4)

6.11 Peripheral Nerve Injury 174(3)

6.12 Metacarpal Fractures 177(1)

6.13 Scaphoid Fractures 178(1)

6.14 Scapholunate Dislocation 179(1)

6.15 Lunate and Perilunate Dislocation 179(1)

6.16 Wrist Fractures 180(1)

6.17 Forearm Fractures 181(2)

6.18 Elbow Dislocation 183(1)

6.19 Radial Head Fracture 183(1)

6.20 Humeral Fracture 184(1)

6.21 Shoulder Dislocation 185(2)

6.22 Clavicle Fracture 187(1)

6.23 Sternoclavicular Dislocation 188(1)

6.24 Scapula Fracture 188(1)

6.25 Pelvic Fractures 189(4)

6.26 Hip Dislocation 193(2)

6.27 Hip Fractures 195(1)

6.28 Femoral Shaft Fracture 196(1)

6.29 Patellar Fracture 197(1)

6.30 Tibial Plateau Fracture 198(1)

6.31 Knee Dislocation 198(2)

6.32 Maisonneuve Fracture Complex 200(1)

6.33 Ankle Dislocation 201(1)

6.34 Subtalar Dislocation 202(1)

6.35 Lisfranc Fracture 203(1)

6.36 Metatarsal Base Fractures 204(1)

6.37 Calcaneal Fractures 205(2)

7 Spinal Injuries 207(46)

Mark J. Spoonamore

Spinal Cord Injuries 211(1)

7.1 Complete Spinal Cord Transection 211(2)

7.2 Central Cord Syndrome 213(2)

7.3 Brown-Sequard Syndrome 215(1)

7.4 Anterior Cord Syndrome 216(1)

Upper Cervical Spine Dislocations 216(1)

7.5 Atlanto-Occipital Dislocation 217(1)

7.6 Atlantoaxial Dislocation 218(1)

7.7 Rotatory Subluxation of C-1 on C-2 219(1)

7.8 Ligamentous Injuries 220(2)

Cervical Spine Fractures 222(1)

7.9 C-1 Burst Fracture (Jefferson Fracture) 222(2)

7.10 Odontoid (Dens) Fractures (C-2) 224(2)

7.11 Hangman's Fracture (C-2) 226(2)

7.12 Fractures of the Lower Cervical Spine (C-3-C-7) 228(1)

7.13 Flexion and Extension Teardrop Fracture 229(2)

7.14 Compression or Burst Fracture of the Vertebral Body 231(1)

7.15 Clay Shoveler's Fracture 232(1)

7.16 Fractures of the Pedicles, Laminae, and Lateral Masses 233(1)

7.17 Facet Dislocation 234(3)

7.18 Cervicothoracic Spinal Injury 237(5)

Thoracic Spine Injuries 239(3)

Lumbar Spine Injuries 242(1)

7.19 Lumbar Compression Burst Fractures 242(3)

7.20 Chance Fractures 245(2)

7.21 Fracture-Dislocation of the Lumbar Spine 247(6)

Pediatric Spinal Injury 248(2)

Penetrating Injuries to the Spinal Cord 250(3)

8 Burn Injuries 253(18)

Andrew Tang

Charity Wip

Warren Garner

Extent of Burn Injury 256(1)

8.1 First-Degree Burn 256(1)

8.2 Second-Degree Burn 257(4)

8.3 Third-Degree Burn 261(1)

8.4 Fourth-Degree Burn 262(1)

Special Considerations of Burn Injury 263(1)

8.5 Inhalation Injury 263(1)

8.6 Abdominal Compartment Syndrome 264(1)

8.7 Circumferential Burn 265(1)

8.8 Scald Burns 266(1)

8.9 Chemical Burns 267(1)

8.10 Electrical Burns 268(1)

8.11 Outcome of Burn Injury 269(2)

9 Soft Tissue Injuries 271(13)

Marko Bukur

9.1 Dog Bite Injury 273(2)

9.2 Cat Bite Injury 275(1)

9.3 Human Bite Injury 276(2)

9.4 High-Pressure Injection Injury 278(1)

9.5 Retained Foreign Body 279(1)

9.6 Extremity Compartment Syndrome 280(4)

10 Ballistics 284(17)

Ramon Cestero

David Plurad

10.1 Definitions 284(2)

10.2 Low-Velocity Projectiles 286(2)

10.3 High-Velocity Projectiles 288(3)

10.4 Shotgun Injuries 291(4)

10.5 Blast Injuries 295(4)

10.6 Nonlethal Weapons 299(1)

10.7 Myths and Facts about Bullets 300(1)

11 Disaster Medicine 301(7)

Edward J. Newton

11.1 Epidemiology of Injuries in Mass Disasters 301(1)

11.2 Triage 302(2)

11.3 Specific Injuries 304(2)

11.4 Guidelines for Rescue Efforts 306(2)
Index 308