Foreword p. xvii
Preface p. xxi
The Highest Fundamentals p. 1
Fundamental Concepts of Science and Engineering p. 3
Introduction p. 3
Knowledge and Science: Definitions p. 3
Structure of a Science p. 4
Considerations Built into a Science p. 5
Commonality and Interrelatedness of Considerations p. 10
The Role of Mathematics p. 29
Physical Sciences: Clarification and Definition p. 32
Summary and Conclusions p. 35
Fundamental Concepts in Electrical and Electronics Engineering p. 39
Introduction p. 39
Energy p. 40
Matter p. 45
Additional Considerations Implicit in Physics p. 46
The Field of Electronics p. 49
Basic Electrical Quantities, definitions of p. 50
Principle of Conservation of Energy p. 58
Maxwell's Equations p. 59
System of Units p. 62
Mathematical Foundation for Understanding Circuits p. 69
Introduction p. 69
Phasor Transform p. 70
Inverse Phasor Transform p. 71
Reasons for Using Phasors p. 71
Low-Frequency Electrical Energy Concepts p. 73
Basic Circuit Elements p. 73
Series and Parallel Configurations p. 78
Concept of Impedance Revisited p. 79
Low-Frequency Electrical Laws p. 81
Fundamental Circuit Theorems p. 84
Miller's Theorem p. 92
Power Calculations in Sinusoidal Steady State p. 95
The Decibel Unit (dB) p. 100
DC and Low-Frequency Circuits Concepts p. 109
Introduction p. 109
Diodes p. 109
Transistors p. 122
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) p. 122
Field Effect Transistors (FETs) p. 142
How to Do AC Small-Signal Analysis p. 157
Summary and Conclusions p. 159
Wave Propagation in Networks p. 165
Introduction to Radio Frequency and Microwave Concepts and Applications p. 167
Introduction p. 167
Reasons for Using RF/Microwaves p. 170
RF/Microwave Applications p. 170
Radio Frequency (RF) Waves p. 174
RF and Microwave (MW) Circuit Design p. 176
The Unchanging Fundamental versus the Ever-Evolving Structure p. 183
General Active-Circuit Block Diagrams p. 186
Summary p. 190
Rf Electronics Concepts p. 193
Introduction p. 193
RF/Microwaves versus DC or Low AC Signals p. 193
EM Spectrum p. 196
Wavelength and Frequency p. 197
Introduction to Component Basics p. 198
Resonant Circuits p. 209
Analysis of a Simple Circuit in Phasor Domain p. 213
Impedance Transformers p. 225
RF Impedance Matching p. 228
Three-Element Matching p. 238
Fundamental Concepts in Wave Propagation p. 243
Introduction p. 243
Qualities of Energy p. 243
Definition of a Wave p. 246
Mathematical Form of Propagating Waves p. 248
Properties of Waves p. 252
Transmission Media p. 255
Microstrip Line p. 275
Circuit Representations of Two-Port Rf/Microwave Networks p. 287
Introduction p. 287
Low-Frequency Parameters p. 287
High-Frequency Parameters p. 292
Formulation of the S-Parameters p. 292
Properties of S-Parameters p. 296
Shifting Reference Planes p. 302
Transmission Matrix p. 303
Generalized Scattering Parameters p. 305
Signal Flow Graphs p. 307
Summary p. 317
Passive Circuit Design p. 321
The Smith Chart p. 323
Introduction p. 323
A Valuable Graphical Aid: The Smith Chart p. 323
Derivation of Smith Chart p. 324
Description of Two Types of Smith Charts p. 327
Smith Chart's Circular Scales p. 330
Smith Chart's Radial Scales p. 331
The Normalized Impedance-Admittance (ZY) Smith Chart p. 335
Applications of the Smith Chart p. 339
Introduction p. 339
Distributed Circuit Applications p. 339
Lumped Element Circuit Applications p. 365
Foster's Reactance Theorem p. 376
Design of Matching Networks p. 387
Introduction p. 387
Definition of Impedance Matching p. 387
Selection of a Matching Network p. 388
The Goal of Impedance Matching p. 389
Design of Matching Circuits Using Lumped Elements p. 392
Matching Network Design Using Distributed Elements p. 402
Basic Considerations in Active Networks p. 423
Stability Considerations in Active Networks p. 425
Introduction p. 425
Stability Circles p. 427
Graphical Solution of Stability Criteria p. 427
Analytical Solution of Stability Criteria p. 432
Potentially Unstable Case p. 434
Gain Considerations in Amplifiers p. 443
Introduction p. 443
Power Gain Concepts p. 443
A Special Case: Unilateral Transistor p. 445
The Mismatch Factor p. 446
Input and Output VSWR p. 447
Maximum Gain Design p. 450
Unilateral Case (Maximum Gain) p. 451
Constant Gain Circles (Unilateral Case) p. 452
Unilateral Figure of Merit p. 454
Bilateral Case p. 457
Summary p. 458
Noise Considerations in Active Networks p. 465
Introduction p. 465
Importance of Noise p. 466
Noise Definition p. 466
Sources of Noise p. 467
Thermal Noise Analysis p. 467
Noise Model of a Noisy Resistor p. 468
Equivalent Noise Temperature p. 470
Definitions of Noise Figure p. 473
Noise Figure of Cascaded Networks p. 477
Constant Noise Figure Circles p. 482
Active Networks: Linear and Nonlinear Design p. 491
RF/Microwave Amplifiers I: Small-Signal Design p. 493
Introduction p. 493
Types of Amplifiers p. 493
Small-Signal Amplifiers p. 494
Design of Different Types of Amplifiers p. 497
Multistage Small-Signal Amplifier Design p. 522
RF/Microwave Amplifiers II: Large-Signal Design p. 531
Introduction p. 531
High-Power Amplifiers p. 531
Large-Signal Amplifier Design p. 532
Microwave Power Combining/Dividing Techniques p. 543
Signal Distortion Due to Intermodulation Products p. 554
Multistage Amplifiers: Large-Signal Design p. 558
RF/Microwave Oscillator Design p. 569
Introduction p. 569
Oscillator versus Amplifier Design p. 570
Oscillation Conditions p. 571
Design of Transistor Oscillators p. 578
Generator-Tuning Networks p. 583
RF/Microwave Frequency Conversion I: Rectifier and Detector Design p. 595
Introduction p. 595
Small-Signal Analysis of a Diode p. 598
Diode Applications in Detector Circuits p. 600
Detector Losses p. 609
Effect of Matching Network on the Voltage Sensitivity p. 611
Detector Design p. 612
RF/Microwave Frequency Conversion II: Mixer Design p. 617
Introduction p. 617
Mixer Types p. 620
Conversion Loss for SSB Mixers p. 622
SSB versus DSB Mixers: Conversion Loss and Noise Figure p. 624
One-Diode (or Single-Ended) Mixers p. 626
Two-Diode Mixers p. 632
Four Diode Mixers p. 639
Eight-Diode Mixers p. 640
Mixer Summary p. 642
RF/Microwave Control Circuit Design p. 647
Introduction p. 647
PN Junction Devices p. 648
Switch Configurations p. 651
Phase Shifters p. 659
Digital Phase Shifters p. 660
Semiconductor Phase Shifters p. 660
PIN Diode Attenuators p. 669
RF/Microwave Integrated Circuit Design p. 679
Introduction p. 679
Microwave Integrated Circuits p. 680
MIC Materials p. 681
Types of MICs p. 684
Hybrid versus Monolithic MICs p. 689
Chip Mathematics p. 692
Appendices p. 705
List of Symbols and Abbreviations p. 707
Physical Constants p. 717
International System of Units (SI) p. 719
Unit Prefixes p. 721
Greek Alphabet p. 723
Classical Laws of Electricity, Magnetism and Electromagnetics p. 725
Materials Constants and Frequency Bands p. 735
Conversion Among Two-Port Network Parameters p. 739
Conversion Among the Y-Parameters of A Transistor (Three Configurations: CE, CB, and CC) p. 741
Useful Mathematical Formulas p. 743
DC Bias Networks for an Fet p. 751
Computer Aided Design (CAD) Examples p. 755
Derivation of the Constant Gain and Noise Figure Circles p. 789
About the Software... p. 791
Glossary of Technical Terms p. 795
Index p. 825
About the Author p. 851
About the CD-ROM p. 856