简介
"The adoption of electronic commercial transactions has facilitated cross-border trade and business, but the complexity of determining the place of business and other connecting factors in cyberspace has challenged existing private international law. This comparison of the rules of internet jurisdiction and choice of law as well as online dispute resolution (ODR) covers both B2B and B2C contracts in the EU, USA and China. It highlights the achievement of the Rome I Regulation in the EU, evaluates the merits of the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreement at the international level and gives an insight into the current developments in CIDIP. The in-depth research allows for solutions to be proposed relating to the problems of the legal uncertainty of internet conflict of law and the validity and enforceability of ODR agreements and decisions"--
"Internet Jurisdiction and Choice of Law: Legal Practices in the EU, US and China takes a "solutions to obstacles" approach, examines the existing jurisdiction and choice of law rules and proposes the interpretation of those rules to the digital age. It discusses the need of the modernisation and harmonisation of private international law, compares current legislative frameworks in the EU, US, China, and suggests a series of ways to remove the obstacles of the determination of Internet jurisdiction and choice of law for cross-border electronic B2B and B2C contracts"--
目录
Cover 1
Half-title 3
Title 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
Preface 11
Abbrevations 12
Table of Cases 14
Part I Introduction 17
1 Introduction 19
1.1 What are electronic commercial transactions? 19
1.1.1 Concepts and features 19
1.1.2 Benefits: economic and social impacts 20
1.1.3 Technical and legal barriers 22
1.2 What is contemporary private international law? 23
1.2.1 Global regimes 24
1.2.2 Other regimes 26
European Union 26
United States 27
China 28
Part II Jurisdiction 31
2 Jurisdiction in electronic contracting 33
2.1 Overview of jurisdiction 33
2.1.1 Definitions and principles 33
2.1.2 Differences between common law and civil law systems 34
2.1.3 Characteristics of Internet jurisdiction 34
2.2 Choice of court agreements: the Hague Convention 2005 35
2.2.1 Scope: electronic choice of court agreements 37
2.2.2 Definition: exclusive choice of court agreements 38
2.2.3 Core principles: jurisdiction and obligations 39
Jurisdiction of the chosen court 39
Obligation of a court not chosen 41
2.2.4 Signatory, ratification and implementation 41
United States 44
European Union 46
China 48
3 EU rules applied in cyber jurisdiction 51
3.1 Overview of the EU jurisdiction rules 51
3.2 Choice of court clauses/exclusive jurisdiction agreements 53
3.3 General jurisdiction 61
3.3.1 Bases of jurisdiction applicable to domiciled defendants 61
3.3.2 Bases of jurisdiction applicable to non-domiciled defendants 63
3.4 Special jurisdiction 63
3.4.1 B2B contracts 63
The place of dispatch/uploading 69
The place of receipt/downloading 70
The place where either the seller or recipient has a closest connecting factor 70
3.4.2 B2C/consumer contracts 73
3.5 Exclusive jurisdiction 80
4 US jurisdiction tests employed in e-contracting disputes 81
4.1 Overview of the US jurisdiction tests 81
4.2 General jurisdiction 81
4.3 Specific jurisdiction 82
4.3.1 B2B contracts 83
4.3.2 B2C/consumer contracts 89
5 Chinese legislation on jurisdiction 95
5.1 Jurisdiction clauses/agreements 96
5.2 Jurisdiction rules 99
Summary 103
Part III Choice of law 107
6 Choice of law in electronic contracting 109
6.1 Development of Internet choice of law 109
6.2 International dimension 110
6.2.1 Lex mercatoria 112
6.2.2 CISG 112
6.2.3 ICC \u2013 Incoterms 2000 113
6.3 Other regions 113
7 EU Internet choice of law regime 116
7.1 Overview: the Rome Convention and Rome I Regulation 116
7.2 Scope and aims 117
7.2.1 The Rome Convention 117
7.2.2 The Rome I Regulation 118
7.3 The applicable law in cases of choice 118
7.3.1 B2B contracts party autonomy 118
Freedom of choice: party autonomy 118
Other methods of express or implied choice 120
Extension of party autonomy 121
7.3.2 B2C/consumer contracts 123
7.4 The applicable law in the absence of choice 124
7.4.1 B2B contracts 124
Closest connection 124
7.4.2 B2C/consumer contracts 134
8 US Internet choice of law rules 139
8.1 Overview 139
8.2 The applicable law for B2B contracts 140
8.2.1 The applicable law in cases of choice 140
8.2.2 The applicable law in the absence of choice 143
8.3 The applicable law for B2C/consumer contracts 146
9 Chinese Internet choice of law approaches 149
9.1 Party autonomy/freedom of choice 149
9.2 The applicable law in the absence of choice 151
Summary 154
Part IV 157
10 Alternative dispute resolution and the Internet 159
10.1 The movement from ADR to ODR 159
10.2 The concept of ODR 160
10.3 ODR practice Lessons to be learned 161
10.3.1 Suitable cases for the usage of ODR 161
10.3.2 Global successful examples of ODR services 164
Neg-ed or Med-rb 164
Administrative online dispute resolution service 166
11 The legal obstacles and solutions to online arbitration and online mediation 172
11.1 Legal obstacles to ODR 172
11.1.1 Online arbitration 172
Validity 173
Jurisdiction and applicable law 173
Enforceability 175
Consumer protection 178
11.1.2 Online mediation 180
Validity 180
Confidentiality 184
11.2 Solutions to legal obstacles 185
International standard \u2013 ODR 186
International standard \u2013 ODR 186
National or regional legislation \u2013 specific subject 187
Recommendation or amendment 190
Part V 193
12 Conclusion and recommendation 195
12.1 Future legislative trends 195
12.2 Solutions to obstacles in Internet private international law 197
Appendix 1 Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I) 205
The Council of the European Union 205
Has Adopted this Regulation 209
Chapter I Scope 209
Article 1 209
Chapter II Jurisdiction 210
Section 1 General provisions 210
Article 2 210
Article 3 210
Article 4 210
Section 2 Special jurisdiction 210
Article 5 210
Article 6 211
Article 7 212
Section 3 Jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance 212
Article 8 212
Article 9 212
Article 10 212
Article 11 213
Article 12 213
Article 13 213
Article 14 214
Section 4 Jurisdiction over consumer contracts 214
Article 15 214
Article 16 215
Article 17 215
Section 5 Jurisdiction over individual contracts of employment 215
Article 18 215
Article 19 216
Article 20 216
Article 21 216
Section 6 Exclusive jurisdiction 216
Article 22 216
Section 7 Prorogation of jurisdiction 217
Article 23 217
Article 24 218
Section 8 Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility 218
Article 25 218
Article 26 218
Section 9 Lis pendens \u2013 related actions 219
Article 27 219
Article 28 219
Article 29 220
Article 30 220
Section 10 Provisional, including protective, measures 220
Article 31 220
Chapter III Recognition and Enforcement 220
Section 1 Recognition 220
Article 33 220
Article 34 221
Article 35 221
Article 36 221
Article 37 222
Section 2 Enforcement 222
Article 38 222
Article 39 222
Article 40 222
Article 41 222
Article 42 223
Article 43 223
Article 44 223
Article 45 223
Article 46 224
Article 47 224
Article 48 224
Article 49 224
Article 50 225
Article 51 225
Article 52 225
Section 3 Common provisions 225
Article 53 225
Article 54 225
Article 55 225
Article 56 226
Article 32 220
Chapter IV Authentic Instruments and Court Settlements 226
Article 57 226
Article 58 226
Chapter V General Provisions 227
Article 59 227
Article 60 227
Article 61 227
Article 62 227
Article 63 228
Article 64 228
Article 65 228
Chapter VI Transitional Provisions 229
Article 66 229
Chapter VII Relations with Other Instruments 229
Article 67 229
Article 68 229
Article 69 229
Article 70 231
Article 71 232
Article 72 232
Chapter VIII Final Provisions 232
Article 73 232
Article 74 233
Article 75 233
Article 76 233
Appendix 2 Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) 234
The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union 234
Have Adopted This Regulation 242
Chapter I Scope 242
Article 1 242
Article 2 243
Chapter II Uniform Rules 244
Article 3 244
Article 4 244
Article 5 245
Article 6 246
Article 7 247
Article 8 249
Article 9 249
Article 10 250
Article 11 250
Article 12 251
Article 13 251
Article 14 251
Article 15 252
Article 16 252
Article 17 252
Article 18 252
Chapter III Other Provisions 253
Article 19 253
Article 20 253
Article 21 253
Article 22 253
Article 23 254
Article 24 254
Article 25 254
Article 26 254
Article 27 255
Article 28 255
Chapter IV Final Provisions 255
Article 29 255
Bibliography 257
Books and Journal Articles 257
List of Official Publications 260
Index 267
Half-title 3
Title 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
Preface 11
Abbrevations 12
Table of Cases 14
Part I Introduction 17
1 Introduction 19
1.1 What are electronic commercial transactions? 19
1.1.1 Concepts and features 19
1.1.2 Benefits: economic and social impacts 20
1.1.3 Technical and legal barriers 22
1.2 What is contemporary private international law? 23
1.2.1 Global regimes 24
1.2.2 Other regimes 26
European Union 26
United States 27
China 28
Part II Jurisdiction 31
2 Jurisdiction in electronic contracting 33
2.1 Overview of jurisdiction 33
2.1.1 Definitions and principles 33
2.1.2 Differences between common law and civil law systems 34
2.1.3 Characteristics of Internet jurisdiction 34
2.2 Choice of court agreements: the Hague Convention 2005 35
2.2.1 Scope: electronic choice of court agreements 37
2.2.2 Definition: exclusive choice of court agreements 38
2.2.3 Core principles: jurisdiction and obligations 39
Jurisdiction of the chosen court 39
Obligation of a court not chosen 41
2.2.4 Signatory, ratification and implementation 41
United States 44
European Union 46
China 48
3 EU rules applied in cyber jurisdiction 51
3.1 Overview of the EU jurisdiction rules 51
3.2 Choice of court clauses/exclusive jurisdiction agreements 53
3.3 General jurisdiction 61
3.3.1 Bases of jurisdiction applicable to domiciled defendants 61
3.3.2 Bases of jurisdiction applicable to non-domiciled defendants 63
3.4 Special jurisdiction 63
3.4.1 B2B contracts 63
The place of dispatch/uploading 69
The place of receipt/downloading 70
The place where either the seller or recipient has a closest connecting factor 70
3.4.2 B2C/consumer contracts 73
3.5 Exclusive jurisdiction 80
4 US jurisdiction tests employed in e-contracting disputes 81
4.1 Overview of the US jurisdiction tests 81
4.2 General jurisdiction 81
4.3 Specific jurisdiction 82
4.3.1 B2B contracts 83
4.3.2 B2C/consumer contracts 89
5 Chinese legislation on jurisdiction 95
5.1 Jurisdiction clauses/agreements 96
5.2 Jurisdiction rules 99
Summary 103
Part III Choice of law 107
6 Choice of law in electronic contracting 109
6.1 Development of Internet choice of law 109
6.2 International dimension 110
6.2.1 Lex mercatoria 112
6.2.2 CISG 112
6.2.3 ICC \u2013 Incoterms 2000 113
6.3 Other regions 113
7 EU Internet choice of law regime 116
7.1 Overview: the Rome Convention and Rome I Regulation 116
7.2 Scope and aims 117
7.2.1 The Rome Convention 117
7.2.2 The Rome I Regulation 118
7.3 The applicable law in cases of choice 118
7.3.1 B2B contracts party autonomy 118
Freedom of choice: party autonomy 118
Other methods of express or implied choice 120
Extension of party autonomy 121
7.3.2 B2C/consumer contracts 123
7.4 The applicable law in the absence of choice 124
7.4.1 B2B contracts 124
Closest connection 124
7.4.2 B2C/consumer contracts 134
8 US Internet choice of law rules 139
8.1 Overview 139
8.2 The applicable law for B2B contracts 140
8.2.1 The applicable law in cases of choice 140
8.2.2 The applicable law in the absence of choice 143
8.3 The applicable law for B2C/consumer contracts 146
9 Chinese Internet choice of law approaches 149
9.1 Party autonomy/freedom of choice 149
9.2 The applicable law in the absence of choice 151
Summary 154
Part IV 157
10 Alternative dispute resolution and the Internet 159
10.1 The movement from ADR to ODR 159
10.2 The concept of ODR 160
10.3 ODR practice Lessons to be learned 161
10.3.1 Suitable cases for the usage of ODR 161
10.3.2 Global successful examples of ODR services 164
Neg-ed or Med-rb 164
Administrative online dispute resolution service 166
11 The legal obstacles and solutions to online arbitration and online mediation 172
11.1 Legal obstacles to ODR 172
11.1.1 Online arbitration 172
Validity 173
Jurisdiction and applicable law 173
Enforceability 175
Consumer protection 178
11.1.2 Online mediation 180
Validity 180
Confidentiality 184
11.2 Solutions to legal obstacles 185
International standard \u2013 ODR 186
International standard \u2013 ODR 186
National or regional legislation \u2013 specific subject 187
Recommendation or amendment 190
Part V 193
12 Conclusion and recommendation 195
12.1 Future legislative trends 195
12.2 Solutions to obstacles in Internet private international law 197
Appendix 1 Council Regulation (EC) No 44/2001 of 22 December 2000 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I) 205
The Council of the European Union 205
Has Adopted this Regulation 209
Chapter I Scope 209
Article 1 209
Chapter II Jurisdiction 210
Section 1 General provisions 210
Article 2 210
Article 3 210
Article 4 210
Section 2 Special jurisdiction 210
Article 5 210
Article 6 211
Article 7 212
Section 3 Jurisdiction in matters relating to insurance 212
Article 8 212
Article 9 212
Article 10 212
Article 11 213
Article 12 213
Article 13 213
Article 14 214
Section 4 Jurisdiction over consumer contracts 214
Article 15 214
Article 16 215
Article 17 215
Section 5 Jurisdiction over individual contracts of employment 215
Article 18 215
Article 19 216
Article 20 216
Article 21 216
Section 6 Exclusive jurisdiction 216
Article 22 216
Section 7 Prorogation of jurisdiction 217
Article 23 217
Article 24 218
Section 8 Examination as to jurisdiction and admissibility 218
Article 25 218
Article 26 218
Section 9 Lis pendens \u2013 related actions 219
Article 27 219
Article 28 219
Article 29 220
Article 30 220
Section 10 Provisional, including protective, measures 220
Article 31 220
Chapter III Recognition and Enforcement 220
Section 1 Recognition 220
Article 33 220
Article 34 221
Article 35 221
Article 36 221
Article 37 222
Section 2 Enforcement 222
Article 38 222
Article 39 222
Article 40 222
Article 41 222
Article 42 223
Article 43 223
Article 44 223
Article 45 223
Article 46 224
Article 47 224
Article 48 224
Article 49 224
Article 50 225
Article 51 225
Article 52 225
Section 3 Common provisions 225
Article 53 225
Article 54 225
Article 55 225
Article 56 226
Article 32 220
Chapter IV Authentic Instruments and Court Settlements 226
Article 57 226
Article 58 226
Chapter V General Provisions 227
Article 59 227
Article 60 227
Article 61 227
Article 62 227
Article 63 228
Article 64 228
Article 65 228
Chapter VI Transitional Provisions 229
Article 66 229
Chapter VII Relations with Other Instruments 229
Article 67 229
Article 68 229
Article 69 229
Article 70 231
Article 71 232
Article 72 232
Chapter VIII Final Provisions 232
Article 73 232
Article 74 233
Article 75 233
Article 76 233
Appendix 2 Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) 234
The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union 234
Have Adopted This Regulation 242
Chapter I Scope 242
Article 1 242
Article 2 243
Chapter II Uniform Rules 244
Article 3 244
Article 4 244
Article 5 245
Article 6 246
Article 7 247
Article 8 249
Article 9 249
Article 10 250
Article 11 250
Article 12 251
Article 13 251
Article 14 251
Article 15 252
Article 16 252
Article 17 252
Article 18 252
Chapter III Other Provisions 253
Article 19 253
Article 20 253
Article 21 253
Article 22 253
Article 23 254
Article 24 254
Article 25 254
Article 26 254
Article 27 255
Article 28 255
Chapter IV Final Provisions 255
Article 29 255
Bibliography 257
Books and Journal Articles 257
List of Official Publications 260
Index 267
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