简介
In AD 629, a Chinese monk named Xuan Zang set out for India on a quest for sacred texts. He returned with a caravan of 22 horses bearing Buddhist treasures and spent the last 20 years of his life in the "Great Wild Goose Pagoda", in present-day Xi'an, translating the Sanskrit manuscripts into Chinese with a team of collaborators. In the 12th century, scholars came to Spain from all over Europe seeking knowledge that had been transmitted from the Arab world. Their names tell the story - Adelard of Bath, Hermann of Dalmatia, Plato of Tivoli. Among them was Robert of Chester (or Robert of Kent), who was part of an elaborate team that translated documents on Islam and the Koran itself. Dona Marina, also called La Malinche, was a crucial link between Cortes and native peoples he set out to convert and conquer in 16th-century Mexico. One of the conquistador's "tongues" or interpreters, she was also the mother of his son. She has been an ambivalent figure in the history of the new world, her own history having been rewritten in different ways over the centuries. James Evans, an Englishman sent to evangelize and educate the natives of western Canada during the 19th century, invented a writing system in order to translate and transcribe religions texts. Known as "the man who made birchbark talk", he even succeeded in printing a number of pamphlets, using crude type fashioned out of lead from the lining of tea chests and ink made from a mixture of soot and sturgeon oil. A jackpress used by traders to pack furs served as a press. These are just some of the stories told in this work, published under the International Federation of Translators (FIT).
目录
Table Of Contents:
Table of Illustrations xi
Preface xiii
Introduction 1(6)
Translators and the Invention of Alphabets 7(18)
Ulfila, evangelist to the Goths
Mesrop Mashtots and the flowering of Armenian culture
Cyril and Methodius among the Slavs
James Evans and the Cree Indians of Canada
Translators and the Development of National Languages 25(42)
A language for England
The emancipation of French
The development of Swedish
Martin Luther: artisan of the German language
The evolution of Gbaya in Cameroon
Hebrew: a modern language for Israel
Translators and the Emergence of National Literatures 67(34)
Joost van den Vondel and the Dutch Golden Age
Translating Shakespeare to/on the European Continent
Changing sides: the case of Ireland
Speaking intimately to the Scottish soul---in translation
Jorge Luis Borges and the birth of Argentine literature
Translation and transmission in African literatures
Translators and the Dissemination of Knowledge 101(30)
China: importing knowledge from India and the West
India: hub of translation through the ages
Baghdad: centre of Arabic translation
Toledo: cultural exchange and rebirth
The Nordic countries: breaking the barrier of isolation
Translators and the Reins of Power 131(28)
The Balfour Declaration: ``homeland'' or ``national home''?
Medieval translation enterprises from Baghdad to Western Europe
Toward multiple centres of power: the case of France
Translation as subversion: Italy and the former Soviet Union
Conquest and colonization in the New World
Women translators: England, the Continent and North America
Translators who wield power
Translators and the Spread of Religions 159(32)
Judaism: the oral and written word from ancient to modern times
Christianity: religious texts in the languages of the world
Islam: the Koran, untranslatable yet abundantly translated
Hinduism: the case of the Bhagavad Gita
Buddhism: the spread of the religion across East Asia
Translators and the Transmission of Cultural Values 191(38)
The translator's letter home
The Koranic Orient and religious pluralism
elizabethan England: translating with a purpose
A Huguenot in England: the emergence of European consciousness
Revolutionary France: serving the cause
France's infatuation with the Gothic novel
The impact of translated thought: a Chinese example
American science fiction and the birth of a genre in France
Translators and the Writing of Dictionaries 229(16)
Unilingual dictionaries: from clay tablets to supermarket editions
Multilingual dictionaries: internationalization and the birth of lexicography
Specialized dictionaries: medical glossaries to computerized term banks
Interpreters and the Making of History 245(36)
The evolution of methods and training
Transmitting the word of God
Exploration and conquest
War and peace
Interpreting diplomats---diplomatic interpreters
Appendix I---Description of illustrations 281(8)
Appendix II---Contributors, translators and proofreaders 289(6)
Works Cited 295(32)
Index of Names 327
Table of Illustrations xi
Preface xiii
Introduction 1(6)
Translators and the Invention of Alphabets 7(18)
Ulfila, evangelist to the Goths
Mesrop Mashtots and the flowering of Armenian culture
Cyril and Methodius among the Slavs
James Evans and the Cree Indians of Canada
Translators and the Development of National Languages 25(42)
A language for England
The emancipation of French
The development of Swedish
Martin Luther: artisan of the German language
The evolution of Gbaya in Cameroon
Hebrew: a modern language for Israel
Translators and the Emergence of National Literatures 67(34)
Joost van den Vondel and the Dutch Golden Age
Translating Shakespeare to/on the European Continent
Changing sides: the case of Ireland
Speaking intimately to the Scottish soul---in translation
Jorge Luis Borges and the birth of Argentine literature
Translation and transmission in African literatures
Translators and the Dissemination of Knowledge 101(30)
China: importing knowledge from India and the West
India: hub of translation through the ages
Baghdad: centre of Arabic translation
Toledo: cultural exchange and rebirth
The Nordic countries: breaking the barrier of isolation
Translators and the Reins of Power 131(28)
The Balfour Declaration: ``homeland'' or ``national home''?
Medieval translation enterprises from Baghdad to Western Europe
Toward multiple centres of power: the case of France
Translation as subversion: Italy and the former Soviet Union
Conquest and colonization in the New World
Women translators: England, the Continent and North America
Translators who wield power
Translators and the Spread of Religions 159(32)
Judaism: the oral and written word from ancient to modern times
Christianity: religious texts in the languages of the world
Islam: the Koran, untranslatable yet abundantly translated
Hinduism: the case of the Bhagavad Gita
Buddhism: the spread of the religion across East Asia
Translators and the Transmission of Cultural Values 191(38)
The translator's letter home
The Koranic Orient and religious pluralism
elizabethan England: translating with a purpose
A Huguenot in England: the emergence of European consciousness
Revolutionary France: serving the cause
France's infatuation with the Gothic novel
The impact of translated thought: a Chinese example
American science fiction and the birth of a genre in France
Translators and the Writing of Dictionaries 229(16)
Unilingual dictionaries: from clay tablets to supermarket editions
Multilingual dictionaries: internationalization and the birth of lexicography
Specialized dictionaries: medical glossaries to computerized term banks
Interpreters and the Making of History 245(36)
The evolution of methods and training
Transmitting the word of God
Exploration and conquest
War and peace
Interpreting diplomats---diplomatic interpreters
Appendix I---Description of illustrations 281(8)
Appendix II---Contributors, translators and proofreaders 289(6)
Works Cited 295(32)
Index of Names 327
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