简介
Citing a growing demand for solid-state physicists and electronics engineers to understand the microscopic theory of semiconductors in order to design and optimize optical and electronic devices for desired characteristics, Haug (emeritus, Institute of Theoretical Physics, U. of Frankfurt, Germany) and Koch (theoretical physics, Philipps-U. of Marburg, Germany) present a text that introduces graduate-level students or researchers with general background in quantum mechanics to the quantum theory of semiconductors. Results are often developed in parallel first for bulk material, and then for quasi-two-dimensional quantum wells and for quasi-one-dimensional quantum wires. Other topics that are covered include semiconductor quantum dots, the semiconductor Bloch equations, correlation and scattering effects, field quantization, nonequilibrium Green's function theory, and quantum optical effects in semiconductors. Wherever possible, they emphasize the motivation of a certain derivation and the physical meaning of the results, avoiding discussion of the formal mathematic aspects of the theory. Annotation 漏2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
目录
Preface p. v
Oscillator Model p. 1
Optical Susceptibility p. 2
Absorption and Refraction p. 6
Retarded Green's Function p. 12
Atoms in a Classical Light Field p. 17
Atomic Optical Susceptibility p. 17
Oscillator Strength p. 21
Optical Stark Shift p. 23
Periodic Lattice of Atoms p. 29
Reciprocal Lattice, Bloch Theorem p. 29
Tight-Binding Approximation p. 36
k.p Theory p. 41
Degenerate Valence Bands p. 45
Mesoscopic Semiconductor Structures p. 53
Envelope Function Approximation p. 54
Conduction Band Electrons in Quantum Wells p. 56
Degenerate Hole Bands in Quantum Wells p. 60
Free Carrier Transitions p. 65
Optical Dipole Transitions p. 65
Kinetics of Optical Interband Transitions p. 69
Quasi-D-Dimensional Semiconductors p. 70
Quantum Confined Semiconductors with Subband Structure p. 72
Coherent Regime: Optical Bloch Equations p. 74
Quasi-Equilibrium Regime: Free Carrier Absorption p. 78
Ideal Quantum Gases p. 89
Ideal Fermi Gas p. 90
Ideal Fermi Gas in Three Dimensions p. 93
Ideal Fermi Gas in Two Dimensions p. 97
Ideal Bose Gas p. 97
Ideal Bose Gas in Three Dimensions p. 99
Ideal Bose Gas in Two Dimensions p. 101
Ideal Quantum Gases in D Dimensions p. 101
Interacting Electron Gas p. 107
The Electron Gas Hamiltonian p. 107
Three-Dimensional Electron Gas p. 113
Two-Dimensional Electron Gas p. 119
Multi-Subband Quantum Wells p. 122
Quasi-One-Dimensional Electron Gas p. 123
Plasmons and Plasma Screening p. 129
Plasmons and Pair Excitations p. 129
Plasma Screening p. 137
Analysis of the Lindhard Formula p. 140
Three Dimensions p. 140
Two Dimensions p. 143
One Dimensions p. 145
Plasmon-Pole Approximation p. 146
Retarded Green's Function for Electrons p. 149
Definitions p. 149
Interacting Electron Gas p. 152
Screened Hartree-Fock Approximation p. 156
Excitons p. 163
The Interband Polarization p. 164
Wannier Equation p. 169
Excitons p. 173
Three- and Two-Dimensional Cases p. 174
Quasi-One-Dimensional Case p. 179
The Ionization Continuum p. 181
Three- and Two-Dimensional Cases p. 181
Quasi-One-Dimensional Case p. 183
Optical Spectra p. 184
Three- and Two-Dimensional Cases p. 186
Quasi-One-Dimensional Case p. 189
Polaritons p. 193
Dielectric Theory of Polaritons p. 193
Polaritions without Spatial Dispersion and Damping p. 195
Polaritons with Spatial Dispersion and Damping p. 197
Hamiltonian Theory of Polaritons p. 199
Microcavity Polaritons p. 206
Semiconductor Bloch Equations p. 211
Hamiltonian Equations p. 211
Multi-Subband Microstructures p. 219
Scattering Terms p. 221
Intraband Relaxation p. 226
Dephasing of the Interband Polarization p. 230
Full Mean-Field Evolution of the Phonon-Assisted Density Matrices p. 231
Excitonic Optical Stark Effect p. 235
Quasi-Stationary Results p. 237
Dynamic Results p. 246
Correlation Effects p. 255
Wave-Mixing Spectroscopy p. 269
Thin Samples p. 271
Semiconductor Photon Echo p. 275
Optical Properties of a Quasi-Equilibrium Electron-Hole Plasma p. 283
Numerical Matrix Inversion p. 287
High-Density Approximations p. 293
Effective Pair-Equation Approximation p. 296
Bound states p. 299
Continuum states p. 300
Optical spectra p. 300
Optical Bistability p. 305
The Light Field Equation p. 306
The Carrier Equation p. 309
Bistability in Semiconductor Resonators p. 311
Intrinsic Optical Bistability p. 316
Semiconductor Laser p. 321
Material Equations p. 322
Field Equations p. 324
Quantum Mechanical Langevin Equations p. 328
Stochastic Laser Theory p. 335
Nonlinear Dynamics with Delayed Feedback p. 340
Electroabsorption p. 349
Bulk Semiconductors p. 349
Quantum Wells p. 355
Exciton Electroabsorption p. 360
Bulk Semiconductors p. 360
Quantum Wells p. 368
Magneto-Optics p. 371
Single Electron in a Magnetic Field p. 372
Bloch Equations for a Magneto-Plasma p. 375
Magneto-Luminescence of Quantum Wires p. 378
Quantum Dots p. 383
Effective Mass Approximation p. 383
Single Particle Properties p. 386
Pair States p. 388
Dipole Transitions p. 392
Bloch Equations p. 395
Optical Spectra p. 396
Coulomb Quantum Kinetics p. 401
General Formulation p. 402
Second Born Approximation p. 408
Build-Up of Screening p. 413
Quantum Optical Effects p. 421
Quantum Optics for Semiconductors p. 421
Cluster Expansion p. 424
Cluster Expansion for Fermions p. 424
Quantum Optical Cluster Expansion p. 428
Semiconductor Luminescence Equations p. 429
Quasi-Stationary Luminescence p. 432
Field Quantization p. 437
Lagrange Functional p. 437
Canonical Momentum and Hamilton Function p. 442
Quantization of the Fields p. 444
Contour-Ordered Green's Functions p. 451
Interaction Representation p. 452
Langreth Theorem p. 455
Equilibrium Electron-Phonon Self-Energy p. 458
Index p. 461
Oscillator Model p. 1
Optical Susceptibility p. 2
Absorption and Refraction p. 6
Retarded Green's Function p. 12
Atoms in a Classical Light Field p. 17
Atomic Optical Susceptibility p. 17
Oscillator Strength p. 21
Optical Stark Shift p. 23
Periodic Lattice of Atoms p. 29
Reciprocal Lattice, Bloch Theorem p. 29
Tight-Binding Approximation p. 36
k.p Theory p. 41
Degenerate Valence Bands p. 45
Mesoscopic Semiconductor Structures p. 53
Envelope Function Approximation p. 54
Conduction Band Electrons in Quantum Wells p. 56
Degenerate Hole Bands in Quantum Wells p. 60
Free Carrier Transitions p. 65
Optical Dipole Transitions p. 65
Kinetics of Optical Interband Transitions p. 69
Quasi-D-Dimensional Semiconductors p. 70
Quantum Confined Semiconductors with Subband Structure p. 72
Coherent Regime: Optical Bloch Equations p. 74
Quasi-Equilibrium Regime: Free Carrier Absorption p. 78
Ideal Quantum Gases p. 89
Ideal Fermi Gas p. 90
Ideal Fermi Gas in Three Dimensions p. 93
Ideal Fermi Gas in Two Dimensions p. 97
Ideal Bose Gas p. 97
Ideal Bose Gas in Three Dimensions p. 99
Ideal Bose Gas in Two Dimensions p. 101
Ideal Quantum Gases in D Dimensions p. 101
Interacting Electron Gas p. 107
The Electron Gas Hamiltonian p. 107
Three-Dimensional Electron Gas p. 113
Two-Dimensional Electron Gas p. 119
Multi-Subband Quantum Wells p. 122
Quasi-One-Dimensional Electron Gas p. 123
Plasmons and Plasma Screening p. 129
Plasmons and Pair Excitations p. 129
Plasma Screening p. 137
Analysis of the Lindhard Formula p. 140
Three Dimensions p. 140
Two Dimensions p. 143
One Dimensions p. 145
Plasmon-Pole Approximation p. 146
Retarded Green's Function for Electrons p. 149
Definitions p. 149
Interacting Electron Gas p. 152
Screened Hartree-Fock Approximation p. 156
Excitons p. 163
The Interband Polarization p. 164
Wannier Equation p. 169
Excitons p. 173
Three- and Two-Dimensional Cases p. 174
Quasi-One-Dimensional Case p. 179
The Ionization Continuum p. 181
Three- and Two-Dimensional Cases p. 181
Quasi-One-Dimensional Case p. 183
Optical Spectra p. 184
Three- and Two-Dimensional Cases p. 186
Quasi-One-Dimensional Case p. 189
Polaritons p. 193
Dielectric Theory of Polaritons p. 193
Polaritions without Spatial Dispersion and Damping p. 195
Polaritons with Spatial Dispersion and Damping p. 197
Hamiltonian Theory of Polaritons p. 199
Microcavity Polaritons p. 206
Semiconductor Bloch Equations p. 211
Hamiltonian Equations p. 211
Multi-Subband Microstructures p. 219
Scattering Terms p. 221
Intraband Relaxation p. 226
Dephasing of the Interband Polarization p. 230
Full Mean-Field Evolution of the Phonon-Assisted Density Matrices p. 231
Excitonic Optical Stark Effect p. 235
Quasi-Stationary Results p. 237
Dynamic Results p. 246
Correlation Effects p. 255
Wave-Mixing Spectroscopy p. 269
Thin Samples p. 271
Semiconductor Photon Echo p. 275
Optical Properties of a Quasi-Equilibrium Electron-Hole Plasma p. 283
Numerical Matrix Inversion p. 287
High-Density Approximations p. 293
Effective Pair-Equation Approximation p. 296
Bound states p. 299
Continuum states p. 300
Optical spectra p. 300
Optical Bistability p. 305
The Light Field Equation p. 306
The Carrier Equation p. 309
Bistability in Semiconductor Resonators p. 311
Intrinsic Optical Bistability p. 316
Semiconductor Laser p. 321
Material Equations p. 322
Field Equations p. 324
Quantum Mechanical Langevin Equations p. 328
Stochastic Laser Theory p. 335
Nonlinear Dynamics with Delayed Feedback p. 340
Electroabsorption p. 349
Bulk Semiconductors p. 349
Quantum Wells p. 355
Exciton Electroabsorption p. 360
Bulk Semiconductors p. 360
Quantum Wells p. 368
Magneto-Optics p. 371
Single Electron in a Magnetic Field p. 372
Bloch Equations for a Magneto-Plasma p. 375
Magneto-Luminescence of Quantum Wires p. 378
Quantum Dots p. 383
Effective Mass Approximation p. 383
Single Particle Properties p. 386
Pair States p. 388
Dipole Transitions p. 392
Bloch Equations p. 395
Optical Spectra p. 396
Coulomb Quantum Kinetics p. 401
General Formulation p. 402
Second Born Approximation p. 408
Build-Up of Screening p. 413
Quantum Optical Effects p. 421
Quantum Optics for Semiconductors p. 421
Cluster Expansion p. 424
Cluster Expansion for Fermions p. 424
Quantum Optical Cluster Expansion p. 428
Semiconductor Luminescence Equations p. 429
Quasi-Stationary Luminescence p. 432
Field Quantization p. 437
Lagrange Functional p. 437
Canonical Momentum and Hamilton Function p. 442
Quantization of the Fields p. 444
Contour-Ordered Green's Functions p. 451
Interaction Representation p. 452
Langreth Theorem p. 455
Equilibrium Electron-Phonon Self-Energy p. 458
Index p. 461
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