Lighting the landscape : art design technologies /

Table Of Contents:
Preface 9(1)

Creating Nocturnal Landscapes 10(110)

A Brief History of Nocturnal Landscapes 12(2)

Urban Lighting 12(1)

Natural Nocturnal Landscapes 12(1)

Lighting the Garden 12(1)

Electricity 13(1)

Nature and Landscape 14(6)

Nature 14(1)

Landscape 14(1)

The Colonisation of the Landscape 15(1)

The Artificial Landscape 16(1)

Landscape and Night-time 16(1)

The Plurality of the Landscape 17(1)

Territory 17(1)

Cities and Landscape 17(1)

The Urban Site 17(2)

The Regional Landscape 19(1)

Interview with Gilles Vexlard, Landscape Architect, Agence Latitude Nord 20(2)

Natural Light 22(1)

Definitions 22(1)

Sunlight 22(1)

Daylight 22(1)

Colour, Light, and the Notion of White 23(5)

Moonlight 24(1)

Shadows 25(1)

Climatic Influences 25(1)

Geo-cultural Factors 26(1)

Northern Light 26(1)

Southern Light 27(1)

Representation of Light 28(2)

The Landscape in Painting 28(1)

The Designed Landscape 28(1)

The Contemporary Landscape 29(1)

Towards the Lighting of Landscape 30(1)

Land Art 30(1)

``Fight of the Dragon'' in the Moat of the Chateau at Angers, France, Keiichi Tahara 31(1)

Artificial Light 32(2)

Landscape Lighting 32(1)

The Geo-cultural Deficit 32(1)

Nocturnal Potentials 32(1)

Methods and Equipment 33(1)

The Lighting of Landscape Elements 33(1)

Growth of Vegetation 33(1)

Trees 33(1)

Chrono-photo-biology 34(4)

Shrubbery and Green Massing 35(1)

Parterres and Clipped Hedges 35(1)

Foliage Colours and Lighting Tones 35(1)

Mineral Elements 36(1)

Fountains and Water Jets 37(1)

Lamps 38(2)

Landscape Perception 40(1)

The Field of Vision 40(1)

Viewing the Space 40(1)

Depth of the Field 40(1)

Range of Perception 40(1)

Framing the View 41(1)

Visual Hierarchy 41(1)

The Eye and the Vision 41(1)

Nocturnal Vision 42(1)

Luminance 42(2)

The Nocturnal Landscape: Space of Relative Perception 42(1)

The Urbanisation of Space, New Distances 42(1)

The Evolution of Perception 43(1)

Analysing the Landscape 44(5)

A Specific Frame of Analysis 44(1)

Daytime Analysis 44(1)

Planes 44(1)

Lines 44(1)

Surfaces 44(1)

Screens and Transparency 44(1)

Points of Interest 44(1)

Topography 44(1)

Materials, Colours, Shadows 45(1)

The other Senses 45(1)

Mental Representation 45(1)

Nocturnal Discovery 45(2)

Project Method 47(1)

Modes of Representation 47(1)

The Programme 48(1)

Functional, Technical, Ecological, and Regulatory Constraints 48(1)

Technical Means 49(3)

Lighting Equipment 49(1)

``Natural'' Lighting Equipment 50(1)

Luminous Signals 50(1)

Operation and Maintenance 51(1)

Ground-Recessed Lighting Equipment 52(2)

Lighting of Green Spaces 54(2)

Public Green Spaces 54(1)

Parks 54(1)

Circulation 55(1)

Landscape and Aquatic Lighting 55(1)

Architectural Lighting 55(1)

Public Gardens and Squares 55(1)

Planted Promenades 55(1)

Lighting Design for the Grande Serre Greenhouse of the Jardin des Serres at Autcuil, Paris, France, Roger Narboni/Concepto 56(4)

Green Spaces in Urban Housing Developments 57(1)

Private Green Spaces 58(1)

Business and Industrial Parks, and Commercial Centres 58(1)

Residential Building Gardens 59(1)

House Gardens 59(1)

Allotment Gardens 59(1)

Lighting Design for a Square in the City of Claveau, Bordeaux, France, Frederic Druot 60(2)

Lighting Design for the Park on the Seille at Metz, France, Yves Adrien 62(2)

Lighting Design for the ``Bluewater'' Commercial Centre in an Old Quarry near Dartford, UK, Speirs and Major Associates 64(2)

Creating a Nocturnal Landscape 66(2)

The State of Current Thinking 66(1)

The Urban Lighting Design Impasse 66(1)

A Disappointing Search for Identity 66(1)

The Impact of Public Lighting 66(1)

The Role of Floodlighting 67(1)

A New Dimension in Urban Lighting Design 67(1)

The Invention of the Nocturnal Regional Landscape 68(1)

Landscape Typologies 68(1)

Maritime Landscapes 68(3)

Lighting the Seafront 69(1)

Lighting the Waves 70(1)

Lighting the Coast 70(1)

Marking the Coastline 70(1)

Illuminating the Ocean 71(1)

Accentuation of Islands 71(1)

Lighthouses and Signals 71(1)

``Equinox Garden'' in the Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel, France, Keiichi Tahara 72(2)

The Illuminated Ocean at Okinawa, Japan, Motoko Ishii 74(1)

Harbour Landscapes 75(2)

The Functional Lighting of Wharves 75(1)

The Illumination of the Harbour 76(1)

Nocturnal Landscape Analysis for the Port of Valparaiso, Chile, Anne Bureau 77(1)

Lakeshore Landscapes 78(1)

Accentuating the Shore 78(1)

The Insertion of Luminaires in the Water 78(1)

Marsh Landscapes 79(1)

Accentuating the Fairylike Character of the Marsh 79(1)

Accentuating Aquatic Vegetation 80(1)

Landscapes of Rivers and Streams 80(1)

The Illumination of Bridges 81(1)

Pedestrian Bridges in the Residential Zone of the Port of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, West 8 82(2)

Demarcating the Embankment with Signal Lights 83(1)

Illuminating the Riverbed 83(1)

Integrating Luminous Elements in the Water 83(1)

Lighting Design for the Banks of the Sarthe in Alencon, France, Roger Narboni/Concepto 84(2)

Magnifying Aquatic Obstacles 85(1)

Light Play with Facades and their Reflections 85(1)

``Light, Water, Tree'' Plan for Amiens, France, Yves Adrien 86(2)

Canal Landscapes 88(1)

Treating the Edge of the Quay 88(1)

Lighting the Tow Road 88(1)

Emphasising Variations in Width 88(1)

Illumination of Machinery and Engineering Works 88(1)

Lighting of Typical Buildings 88(1)

Hill Landscapes 89(1)

Emphasis of Silhouettes 89(1)

Marking the Summits 89(1)

Accentuating Intersecting Curves 89(1)

Lighting Plan for the Hill of Vezelay, France, Roger Narboni/Concepto 90(1)

Airport Signalling 91(1)

Mountain Landscapes 92(1)

Marking the Summits 92(1)

Marking the Lines of Crests or Slopes 93(1)

Lighting of the Valley 93(1)

Emphasising Points of Interest 93(1)

Illuminating the Tourist Infrastructure 93(1)

Study of the Landscape of Grenoble, France, Roger Narboni/Concepto 93(1)

Volcanic Landscapes 94(1)

Revealing the Relief and Topography of Volcanic Landscapes 94(1)

The Inspiration of the Spectacle of Lava 94(1)

Forest Landscapes 95(1)

Marking the Forest Edge with Luminous Points 95(1)

Creating Ephemeral Scenes 95(1)

Rural Landscapes 96(1)

Vineyard Landscapes 96(1)

``Platform'' Project for the Agricultural Plateau of Lautagne at Valence, France, Olivier Agid 97(1)

Field or Pasture Landscapes 98(1)

Urban Landscapes 98(2)

The Silhouette of the City 98(1)

Key Topographical Elements 98(1)

Horizontal Surfaces and Graphic Lines 99(1)

The Case of Suburban Landscapes 99(1)

Industrial Landscapes 100(1)

Utilising Functional Constraints 100(1)

Emphasising Symbolic Objects 100(1)

Lighting Design for the Renault Techno-Centre at Guyancourt, France, Roger Narboni/Concepto 101(1)

Mining Landscapes 102(1)

Highlighting the Vestiges 102(1)

Emphasising the Topography 102(1)

Study for the Mining Site at Goitzsche, Germany, Roger Narboni/Concepto 102(1)

Quarry Landscapes 103(1)

Emphasising Dominate Lines 103(1)

Infrastructure Landscapes 104(1)

Luminous Spirals on the Fringes of the Motorway near Havre, France, Roger Narboni/Concepto 104(3)

Emphasising the Geometry of Trajectories 106(1)

Expressing Levels and Movement 106(1)

Fortified Landscapes 107(1)

Revealing the Complexity of Military Architecture 107(1)

Emphasising the Relation to the Natural Site 107(1)

Emphasising the Role of Fortifications 108(1)

Signal Lighting Project for the Citadel of Brouage, France, Roger Narboni/Concepto 108(1)

Lighting Design for the Fortified Village of Talmont-sur-Gironde, France, Roger Narboni/Concepto 109(1)

Desert Landscapes 110(1)

Evoking Immensity and Aridity 110(1)

Tropical Landscapes 110(1)

Celebrating Forms and Colours 110(1)

The Role of Time 111(2)

The Course of the Day 111(1)

The Cycle of the Seasons 111(1)

Climatic Variations 112(1)

Nocturnal Fests 112(1)

The Evolution of Nocturnal Landscapes 113(1)

Ecology of Light 113(2)

Luminous Pollution or Urban Pleasures: A Public Debate 113(1)

Night and Darkness 114(1)

Protecting the Urban Night 115(1)

Respecting the Daytime and Night-time Environments 115(1)

The Child, the Light, and the Night 115(2)

The Protection of the Nocturnal Sky: The Struggle of the Astronomers 116(1)

The Pollution of Illuminated Air 116(1)

The Necessary Environmental Evaluation of Illumination Projects 117(1)

Avoiding Disturbance of Animal Species 117(1)

Traffic Interchange at Kernilien, France, Pierre Lafon, Marion Faunieres 117(3)

Avoiding Negative Impact on Plant Species 118(1)

Renewable Energy, New Energy Sources 118(1)

Other Modes of Power Supply 118(1)

Energy Economies 119(1)

Light and Sustainable Development 119(1)

Examples 120(100)

Parks, Gardens, and Promenades

Illumination of the Tree Canopy of Tasik Perdana Park in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Louis Clair 122(4)

Garden of Light at Eniwa, Hokkaido, Japan, Keiichi Tahara 126(4)

Luminous Scenography for the Covering of the Al Motorway at Saint-Denis, France, Laurent Fachard/Les eclairagistes associes 130(6)

Lighting Design for the Memory Garden at Duisburg, Germany, Uwe Belzner 136(4)

``Nipponese Lights,'' at Ohtsu, Nara, and Tottori, Japan, Motoko Ishii 140(4)

Singapore Botanic Garden, Singapore, Louis Clair 144(8)

Maritime Landscapes

The Waterfront at Biarritz, France, Pierre Bideau 152(6)

Harbour Landscapes

The Port of Sakishima at Osaka, Japan, Motoko Ishii 158(2)

Marsh Landscapes

The Sevre Niortaise, France, Roger Narboni/Concepto 160(4)

Landscapes of Rivers and Streams

Illumination of the Millennium Dome on the Banks of the Thames, London, United Kingdom, Speirs and Major Associates 164(6)

Banks of the Sarre at Sarreguemines, France, Roger Narboni/Concepto 170(4)

Waterfront and Bridges in Singapore, Louis Clair 174(6)

Lakeshore Landscapes

Lighting Design for the Arteplage at Neuchatel, Switzerland, Marc Aurel 180(4)

Mountain Landscapes

Moonlight Effect for Shirakawa, Japan, Motoko Ishii 184(4)

Volcanic Landscapes

``Iceland 92:'' An Ephemeral Intervention, Iceland, Magdalena Jetelova 188(4)

Industrial Landscapes

Factories at Begles, on the Border of the Garonne, France, Jean de Giacinto 192(6)

Mining Landscapes

Coke Plant at Zollverein, Essen, Germany, Speirs and Major Associates 198(4)

Quarry Landscapes

Lighting Design for Garennes Park near Angers, France, Olivier Charrier 202(4)

Infrastructure Landscapes

Square under a Railway in an Amsterdam Suburb, The Netherlands, West 8 206(4)

``Pearls of Light'' for the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Kobe, Japan, Motoko Ishii 210(6)

Landscape and Event

``The Metamorphoses of Chambord,'' A Nocturnal Spectacle-Course, France, Skertzo
Nicolas Frize - Roger Narboni/Concepto 216(4)
Appendix
Glossary 220(4)
Useful Addresses 224(2)
Bibliography 226(2)
Index 228(2)
Illustration Credits 230