Table Of Contents:
Preface xxvii
Acknowledgments xxxi
Introduction xxxv
Torts Treatise: List of Chapters xliii

List of Abbreviations xlv

PART ONE. PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HARMS

Intentionally Inflicted Harm: The Prima Facie Case and Defenses 3(98)

Section A. Introduction 3(1)

Section B. Physical Harms 4(75)

Trespass to Person, Land, and Chattels 4(1)

Vosburg v. Putney 4(6)

Dougherty v. Stepp 10(4)

Intel Corp. v. Hamidi 14(8)

Conversion 22(1)

Poggi v. Scott 22(4)

Moore v. Regents of the University of California 26(9)

Defenses to Intentional Torts 35(1)

Consensual Defenses 35(1)

Mohr v. Williams 35(8)

Canterbury v. Spence 43(1)

Hudson v. Craft 43(7)

Insanity 50(1)

McGuire v. Almy 50(4)

Self-defense 54(1)

Courvoisier v. Raymond 54(5)

Defense of Property 59(1)

Bird v. Holbrook 59(6)

Recapture of Chattels 65(1)

Kirby v. Foster 65(3)

Necessity 68(1)

Ploof v. Putnam 68(3)

Vincent v. Lake Erie Transportation Co. 71(6)

Thomson, The Trolley Problem 77(2)

Section C. Emotional and Dignitary Harms 79(22)

Assault 79(1)

I. de S. and Wife v. W. de S. 79(1)

Tuberville v. Savage 80(1)

W. Blackstone, Commentaries 80(3)

Offensive Battery 83(1)

Alcorn v. Mitchell 83(2)

False Imprisonment 85(1)

Bird v. Jones 85(3)

Coblyn v. Kennedy's, Inc. 88(5)

The Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress: Extreme and Outrageous Conduct 93(1)

Wilkinson v. Downton 93(3)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts §46 96(5)

Strict Liability and Negligence: Historic and Analytic Foundations 101(68)

Section A. Introduction 101(1)

Section B. The Formative Cases 102(10)

The Thorns Case (Hull v. Orange) 102(6)

Weaver v. Ward 108(4)

Section C. The Forms of Action 112(10)

The Significance of the Forms 112(1)

Trespass and Case 113(2)

Scott v. Shepherd 115(4)

The Breakdown of the Forms 119(3)

Section D. Strict Liability and Negligence in the Last Half of the Nineteenth Century 122(32)

Brown v. Kendall 123(4)

Fletcher v. Rylands 127(3)

Fletcher v. Rylands 130(3)

Rylands v. Fletcher 133(6)

Brown v. Collins 139(4)

Powell v. Fall 143(3)

Holmes, The Common Law 146(8)

Section E. Strict Liability and Negligence in Modern Times 154(15)

Stone v. Bolton 154(2)

Bolton v. Stone 156(7)

Hammontree v. Jenner 163(6)

The Negligence Issue 169(158)

Thayer, Public Wrong and Private Action 169(1)

Green, Judge and Jury 169(1)

Section A. Introduction 169(2)

Section B. The Reasonable Person 171(23)

Vaughan v. Menlove 171(6)

Holmes, The Common Law 177(1)

Roberts v. Ring 178(2)

Daniels v. Evans 180(5)

Breuning v. American Family Insurance Co. 185(5)

Fletcher v. city of Aberdeen 190(2)

Robinson v. Pioche, Bayerque & Co. 192(1)

Denver & Rio Grande R.R. v. Peterson 192(2)

Section C. Calculus of Risk 194(27)

Blyth v. Birmingham Water Works 194(2)

Eckert v. Long Island R.R. 196(2)

Terry, Negligence 198(2)

Seavey, Negligence---Subjective or Objective? 200(1)

Osborne v. Montgomery 201(2)

Cooley v. Public Service Co. 203(3)

United States v. Carroll Towing Co. 206(8)

Ross, Settled Out of Court 214(1)

Lyons v. Midnight Sun Transportation Services, Inc. 215(2)

Andrews v. United Airlines 217(4)

Section D. Custom 221(40)

Titus v. Bradford, B. & K.R. Co. 221(2)

Mayhew v. Sullivan Mining Co. 223(1)

The TJ. Hooper (1931) 224(2)

The TJ. Hooper (1932) 226(5)

Lama v. Borras 231(13)

Conterbury v. Spence 244(17)

Section E. Statutes and Regulations 261(24)

Anon. 262(1)

Thayer, Public Wrong and Private Action 262(3)

Osborne v. McMasters 265(1)

Restatement (Second) of Torts §286 266(1)

Restatement of Law of Torts: Liability for Physical Harm §14 266(1)

California Evidence Code §669(a) 266(4)

Martin v. Herzog 270(3)

Brown v. Shyne 273(7)

Uhr v. East Greenbush Cent. Sch. Dist. 280(5)

Section F. Judge and Jury 285(13)

Holmes, The Common Law 288(2)

Baltimore and Ohio R.R. v. Goodman 290(1)

Pokora v. Wabash Ry. 291(7)

Section G. Proof of Negligence 298(29)

Problems of Proof 298(1)

Res Ipsa Loquitur 299(1)

Byrne v. Boadle 299(8)

Colmenares Vivas v. Sun Alliance Insurance Co. 307(9)

Ybarra v. Spangard 316(11)

Plaintiff's Conduct 327(76)

Section A. Introduction 327(1)

Section B. Contributory Negligence 328(27)

Basic Doctrine 328(1)

Butterfield v. Forrester 328(1)

Beems v. Chicago, Rock Island & Peoria R.R. 329(1)

Schwartz, Tort Law and the Economy in Nineteenth-Century America: A Reinterpretation 330(3)

Gyerman v. United States Lines Co. 333(9)

LeRoy Fibre Co. v. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Ry. 342(3)

Derheim v. N. Fiorito Co. 345(5)

Last Clear Chance 350(1)

Fuller v. Illinois Central R.R. 350(2)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts §§479,480 352(3)

Section C. Imputed Contributory Negligence 355(5)

Mills v. Armstrong (The Bernina) 355(5)

Section D. Assumption of Risk 360(22)

Lamson v. American Axe & Tool Co. 360(5)

Murphy v. Steeplechase Amusement Co. 365(9)

Dalury v. S-K-I Ltd. 374(8)

Section E. Comparative Negligence 382(21)

At Common Law 382(1)

Lombard Laws, King Luitprand 382(1)

Beach, Contributory Negligence 383(1)

Prosser, Comparative Negligence 383(1)

Li v. Yellow Cab Co. of California 384(13)

By Legislation 397(1)

Federal Employers' Liability Act 397(1)

New York 398(1)

Pennsylvania 398(1)

Wisconsin 399(1)

Restatement (Third) of Torts---Apportionment of Liability §7 399(4)

Multiple Defendants: Joint, Several and Vicarious Liability 403(46)

Section A. Introduction 403(1)

Section B. Joint and Several Liability 404(25)

Union Stock Yards Co. of Omaha v. Chicago, Burlington, & Quincy R.R. 405(3)

California Civil Procedure Code §§875-877.5 408(1)

American Motorcycle Association v. Superior Court 409(11)

McDermott, Inc. v. AmClyde & River Don Castings, Ltd. 420(9)

Section C. Vicarious Liability 429(20)

Ira S. Bushey & Sons, Inc. v. United States 429(11)

Petrovich v. Share Health Plan of Illinois, Inc. 440(9)

Causation 449(114)

Section A. Introduction 449(2)

Section B. Cause in Fact 451(46)

New York Central R.R. v. Grimstad 451(4)

Zuchowicz v. United States 455(7)

General Electric Co. v. Joiner 462(8)

Herskovits v. Group Health Cooperative 470(7)

Kingston v. Chicago & N.W. Ry. 477(8)

Summers v. Tice 485(3)

Skipworth v. Lead Industries Association 488(9)

Section C. Proximate Cause (Herein of Duty) 497(66)

Physical Injury 497(1)

Bacon, The Elements of the Common Lawes of England 497(1)

Street, Foundations of Legal Liability 497(1)

Ryan v. New York Central R.R. 497(5)

Berry v. Sugar Notch Borough 502(5)

Brower v. New York Central & H.R.R. 507(5)

Wagner v. International Ry. 512(3)

In re Polemis & Furness, Withy & Co. 515(4)

Palsgraf v. Long Island R.R. 519(13)

Marshall v. Nugent 532(4)

Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Ltd. v. Morts Dock & Engineering Co., Ltd. (Wagon Mound (No. 1)) 536(9)

Virdin v. Betts and Beer Construction Company 545(2)

Hebert v. Enos 547(2)

Emotional Distress 549(1)

Mitchell v. Rochester Ry. 549(4)

Dillon v. Legg 553(10)

Affirmative Duties 563(82)

Section A. Introduction 563(2)

Section B. The Duty to Rescue 565(19)

Luke 10:30-37 (King James Translation) 565(1)

Buch v. Amorv Manufacturing Co. 565(3)

Hurley v. Eddingfield 568(1)

Bohlen, The Moral Duty to Aid Others as a Basis of Tort Liability 569(1)

Ames, Law and Morals 569(2)

Epstein, A Theory of Strict Liability 571(2)

Posner, Epstein's Tort Theory: A Critique 573(1)

Bender, A Lawyer's Primer on Feminist Theory and Tort 573(6)

Montgomery v. National Convoy & Trucking Co. 579(5)

Section C. Duties of Owners and Occupiers 584(22)

Robert Addie & Sons (Collieries), Ltd. v. Dumbreck 584(9)

Rowland v. Christian 593(13)

Section D. Gratuitous Undertakings 606(17)

Coggs v. Bernard 606(3)

Erie Railroad Co. v. Stewart 609(3)

Marsalis v. LaSalle 612(3)

Moch Co. v. Rensselaer Water Co. 615(8)

Section E. Special Relationships 623(22)

Restatement (Second) of Torts §315 623(1)

Kline v. 1500 Massachusetts Avenue Apartment Corp. 624(10)

Tarasoff v. Regents of University of California 634(11)

Traditional Strict Liability 645(78)

Section A. Introduction 645(9)

Section B. Animals 654(2)

Gehrts v. Batteen 645(11)

Section C. Ultrahazardous or Abnormally Dangerous Activities 656(19)

Spano v. Perini Corp. 656(4)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts §§519,520 660(2)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Third) of torts: Liability for Physical Harm §20 662(5)

Indiana Harbor Belt R.R. v. American Cyanamid Co. 667(8)

Sectin D. Nuisance 675(48)

Private Nuisance 675(1)

Vogel v. Grant-Lafayette Electric Cooperative 675(8)

Michalson v. Nutting 683(4)

Fontainebleau Hotel Corp. v. Forty-Five Twenty-Five, Inc. 687(5)

Rogers v. Elliott 692(4)

Ensign v. Walls 696(4)

Boomer v. Atlantic Cement Co. 700(10)

Public Nuisance 710(1)

Anonymous 710(2)

532 Madison Avenue Gourmet Foods, Inc. v. Finlandia Center, Inc. 712(5)

Camden County Board of Chosen Freeholders v. Beretta, U.S.A. Corp. 717(6)

Products Liability 723(130)

Sectin A. Introduction 723(5)

Section B. Exposition 728(20)

Winterbottom v. Wright 728(3)

MacPherson v. Buick Motor co. 731(8)

Escola v. Coca Cola Bottling Co. of Fresno 739(9)

Section C. The Restatements 748(24)

A Tale of Two Texts 748(1)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts §402A 748(5)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Third) of the Law of Products Liability §§1, 2 753(1)

The Theory of Products Liability: Tort or Contract? 754(1)

Casa Clara Condominium Asscciation, Inc.u. Charley Toppino & Sons, Inc. 755(9)

Proper Defendants under Section 402A 764(1)

Cafazzo v. Central Medical Health Servies, Inc. 764(8)

Section D. Product Defects 772(60)

Manufacturing Defects 772(1)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability, §3 772(1)

Speller v. Sears, Roebuck and Co. 773(4)

Design Defects 777(1)

Campo v. Scofield 777(1)

Harper and James, Torts §28.5 778(1)

Wade, On the Nature of Strict Tort Liability for Products 778(1)

Volkswagen of America, Inc. v. Young 779(9)

Barker v. Lull Engineering Co. 788(9)

Linegar v. Armour of America 797(6)

Halliday v. Sturn, Ruger & Co 803(3)

The Duty to Warn 806(1)

MacDonald v. Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp. 807(10)

Vassallo v. Baxter Healthcare Corp. 817(7)

Hood v. Ryobi America Corp. 824(8)

Section E. Plaintiff's Conduct 832(10)

Daly v. General Motors Corp. 832(10)

Section F. Federal Preemption 842(11)

United States Constitution, Article VI, Section 2 842(1)

Geier v. American Honda Motor Co. 843(10)

Damages 853(76)

Sulliuan v. Old Colony Street Ry. 853(1)

Zibbell v. Southern Pacific Co. 853(1)

Section A. Introduction 853(2)

Section B. Recoverable Elements of Damages 855(28)

Pain and Suffering 855(1)

McDougald v. Garber 855(10)

Economic Losses 865(1)

O'Shea v. Riuerway Towing Co. 865(10)

Duncan v. Kansas Southern Ry. 875(8)

Section C. Contingency Fees, Fee-Shifting Devices, Sales of Tort Claims, and Litigation Insurance 883(12)

Contingency Fees 884(6)

Fee Shifiting 890(3)

Sales of Tort Claims 893(1)

Litigation Insurance 894(1)

Section D. Collateral Benefits 895(6)

Harding v. Town of Townshend 895(6)

Section E. Wrongful Death and Loss of Consortium 901(9)

Wrongful Death 902(1)

History 902(2)

Measure of Damages 904(2)

Survival of Personal Injury Actions 906(1)

Actions for Loss of Consortium 907(3)

Section F. Punitive Damages 910(19)

Kemezy v. Peters 910(6)

State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. v. Campbell 916(13)

The Institution of Insurance 929(32)

Section A. Introduction 929(2)

Section B. The Scope of Insurance Coverage 931(19)

Modern Tort Litigation 931(1)

Dimmitt Cheurolet, Inc. v. Southeastern Fidelity Insurance Corp. 931(10)

Automobile Insurance Coverage 941(1)

The March to Compulsory Insurance 941(2)

The Standard Provisions of the Automobile Insurance Contract 943(7)

Section C. Ambiguities in the Position of the Liability Insurer 950(11)

The Duty to Defend 950(3)

The Obligation to Act in Good Faith 953(1)

Crisci v. Security Insurance Co. 953(8)

The No-Fault Systems 961(60)

Section A. Introduction 961(1)

Section B. Workers' Compensation 962(28)

Historical Origins 962(6)

The Scope of Coverage: ``Arising Out of and in the Course of Employment'' 968(1)

Clodgo v. Industry Rentavision, Inc. 968(9)

Wilson v. Workers' Compensation Appeals Board 977(3)

Benefits Under the Workers' Compensation Statutes 980(3)

Exclusive Remedy 983(1)

Rainer v. Union Carbide Corporation 983(7)

Section C. No-Fault Insurance 990(19)

Automobile No-Fault Insurance 990(2)

American Bar Association, Special Committee on Automobile Insurance Legislation, Automobile No-Fault Insurance 992(1)

Epstein, Automobile No-Fault Plans: A Second Look at First Principles 993(1)

Pinnick v. Cleary 994(7)

No-Fault Insurance for Medical and Product Injuries 1001(2)

Pafford v. Secretary of Health and Human Seruices 1003(6)

Section D. The 9/11 Compensation Fund 1009(3)

Section E. The New Zealand Plan 1012(9)

Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry, Compensation for Personal Injury in New Zealand 1013(2)

Accident Compensation: Options for Reform 9-12 1015(6)

PART TWO. TORTS AGAINST NONPHYSICAL INTERESTS

Defamation 1021(110)

Section A. Introduction 1021(2)

Section B. Publication 1023(11)

Doe v. Gonzaga University 1023(5)

Firth v. State of New York 1028(6)

Section C. False or Defamatory Statements 1034(14)

Parmiter v. Coupland 1034(1)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of Torts §559 1034(1)

Muzikowski v. Paramount Piciures Corp. 1034(8)

Wilkow v. Forbes, Inc. 1042(6)

Section D. Libel and Slander 1048(4)

The Common Law Distinction 1048(3)

Libel Per Quod and Libel Per Se 1051(1)

Section E. Basis of Liability: Intention, Negligence, and Strict Liability in Defamation 1052(2)

E. Hulton & Co. v. Jones 1052(2)

Section F. Damages 1054(13)

Special Damages 1054(1)

Terwilliger v. Wands 1055(2)

Ellsworth v. Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory, Inc. 1057(3)

General Damages 1060(1)

McCormick, Damages 1060(1)

Faulk v. Aware, Inc. (1962) 1061(1)

Faulk v. Aware, Inc. (1963) 1062(2)

Other Remedies 1064(1)

Injunctions 1064(1)

Retraction 1065(1)

Reply Statutes 1066(1)

Section G. Nonconstitutional Defenses 1067(30)

Truth 1067(1)

Auvil v. CBS 60 Minutes 1067(7)

Privileges in the Private Sphere 1074(1)

Watt v. Longsdon 1074(7)

Privileges in the Public Sphere 1081(1)

Legal proceedings and Reports Thereon 1081(1)

Kennedy v. Cannon 1081(6)

Reports of Public Proceedings or Meetings 1087(1)

Broum & Williamson Tobaecc Corp. v. Iacobson 1087(5)

Fair Comment: Artistic and Literary Criticism 1092(2)

Veeder, Freedom of Public Discussion 1094(3)

Section H. Constitutional Privileges 1097(34)

Public Officials and Public Figures 1097(1)

New York Times Co. v. Sullivan 1097(9)

Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts 1106(10)

Private Parties 1116(1)

Gertz v. Robert Welch, Inc. 1116(9)

Philadelphia Newspapers v. Hepps 1125(6)

Privacy 1131(64)

Section A. Introduction 1131(1)

Section B. Historical Background 1132(7)

Warren and Brandeis, The Right to Privacy 1132(2)

Prosser, Privacy 1134(2)

kalven, privacy in the Tort Law---Were Warren and Brandeis Wrong? 1136(2)

Prosser, Privacy 1138(1)

Section C. Intrusion Upon Seclusion 1139(15)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of the Law of Torts §652B 1139(1)

Nader v. General Motors Corp. 1140(6)

Desnick v. American Broadcasting Co., Inc. 1146(8)

Section D. Public Disclosure of Embarrassing Private Facts 1154(16)

American Law Institute. Restatement (Second) of the Law of Torts §652D 1154(1)

Sidis v. F-R Publishing Corp. 1155(5)

Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn 1160(6)

Haynes v. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 1166(4)

Section E. False Light 1170(5)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of the Law of Torts §652E 1170(1)

Time, Inc. v. Hill 1171(4)

Section F. Commercial Appropriation of Plaintiff's Name or Likeness, or the Right of Publicity 1175(20)

New York Civil Rights Law §§50, 51 1175(1)

American Law Institute, Restatement (Second) of the Law of Torts §652C 1176(1)

Restatement (Third): Unfair Competition §46 1176(1)

Doe a/k/a Twist v. TCI Coblevision 1176(14)

Factors Etc., Inc. v. Pro Arts, Inc. 1190(5)

Misrepresentation 1195(46)

Section A. Introduction 1195(1)

Section B. Fraud 1196(33)

Pasley v. Freeman 1196(8)

Vulcan Metals Co. v. Simmons Manufacturing Co. 1204(5)

Swinton v. Whitinsuille Sauings Bank 1209(3)

Laidlaw v. Organ 1212(3)

Edgington v. Fitzmaurice 1215(7)

Loborers Local 17 Health and Benefit Fund v. Philip Morris, Inc. 1222(7)

Section C. Negligent Misrepresentation 1229(12)

Ultramares Corp. v. Touche 1229(12)

Economic Harms 1241(60)

Section A. Introduction 1241(1)

Section B. Inducement of Breach of Contract 1242(11)

The Statute of Labourers (1351) 1242(11)

Lumley v. Gye 1253(1)

Section C. Interference with Prospective Advantage 1253(14)

Tarleton v. M'Gawley 1253(3)

People Express. Airlines, Inc. v. Consolidated Rail Corp. 1256(11)

Section D. Unfair Competition 1267(34)

Mogul Steamship Co. v. McGregor, Gow & Co. 1267(9)

International News Seruice v. Associated Press 1276(8)

The National Basketball Assn. v. Motorola, Inc. 1284(4)

Ely-Norriss Safe Co. v. Mosler Safe Co. 1288(2)

Mosler Safe Co. v. Ely-Norris Safe Co. 1290(11)

Tort Immunities 1301(38)

Section A. Introduction 1301(1)

Section B. Domestic or Intrafamily Immunities 1302(5)

Parent and Child 1302(1)

Suits Between Parent and Chile 1302(3)

Third-Party Actions 1305(1)

Husband and Wife 1306(1)

Section C. Charitable Immunity 1307(2)

Section D. Municipal Corporations 1309(7)

At Common Law 1309(2)

By Statute 1311(1)

745 Illinois Compiled Statutes Annotated 1311(2)

Under the Constitution 1313(3)

Section E. Sovereign Immunity 1316(13)

Federal Torts Claims Act §§2674, 2680 1317(1)

United States v. Olsen 1318(3)

Berkowitz v. United States 1321(8)

Section F. Official Immunity 1329(10)

Clinton v. Jones 1329(10)
Table of Cases 1339(26)
Table of Restatement Sections 1365(4)
Table of Secondary Authorities 1369(20)
Index 1389