简介
Summary:
Publisher Summary 1
Hegel's work continues to influence current philosophy despite some claims his system is either dying or already dead. Wallace takes on questions by Feurbach, Kierkegaard, Marx, Heidegger and Charles Taylor in this analysis of Hegel's mature work, including his Philosophy of Spirit, Science of Logic, Philosophy of Nature and Philosophy of Right. Carefully defining Hegel's concepts and terms, Wallace specifically addresses naturalism and its impact on Platonic, Kantian and Hegelian thought on reason, freedom, responsibility, ethics, and the divine; Hegel's work on reality, freedom, God, identity, contradictions, actuality, and the refutation of rational egoism in Science of Logic; and Hegel's work on the subjective and objective spirit. Annotation 漏2006 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Publisher Summary 2
Showing the relevance of Hegel's arguments, this book discusses both original texts and their interpretations.
Publisher Summary 3
This book shows that the repeated announcements of the death of Hegel's philosophical system have been premature. Hegel's Philosophy of Freedom, Reality, and God brings to light accomplishments for which Hegel is seldom given credit: unique arguments for the reality of freedom, for the reality of knowledge, for the irrationality of egoism, and for the compatibility of key insights from traditional theism and naturalistic atheism. The book responds in a systematic manner to many of the major criticisms leveled at Hegel's system, from Feuerbach and Kierkegaard to Heidegger and Charles Taylor. It provides detailed interpretations of Hegel's Philosophy of Spirit, large parts of his indispensable Science of Logic, and important parts of his Philosophy of Nature and Philosophy of Right. Unlike many academic books on Hegel, this one treats him very much as a 'live' thinker, whom we can learn from today.
目录
Table Of Contents:
Acknowledgments xv
Publication Citation Style xvii
Preface xxiii
Introduction 1(9)
Our Commitment to Individualism and Our Problems With It 1(4)
Hegel Endorses Individualism
As a Point of Departure 5(5)
Naturalism, Plato, Kant, and Hegel on Reason, Freedom, Responsibility, Ethics, and God 10(38)
Kant and Hegel on the Will 10(8)
Is This ``Freedom'' Actually Slavery (For the ``Inclinations'')? 18(2)
Is This ``Freedom'' Ethically Empty? 20(2)
Is This ``Going Beyond'' Really ``Freedom''? 22(5)
Individualism and Ethics: Hobbes and Gauthier 27(4)
An Early Critic of Hobbes and Gauthier: Plato on the Will and Justice 31(8)
Kant on Individualism (``Autonomy'') and Ethics: The Apparent Failure of a Great Argument 39(3)
Hegel's Reformulation of Kant's Argument from Autonomy to Ethics 42(2)
Kant and Hegel on God and the World 44(4)
Reality, Freedom, and God (Science of Logic I) 48(93)
Introduction 48(5)
Objective Thinking 53(1)
Being 54(5)
Determinate Being, Quality, and the Beginning of the Subject 59(5)
``Negativity,'' or the ``Negation of the Negation'' 64(2)
Finite Being 66(3)
The Finite and the Infinite 69(4)
Infinity, Freedom, and Nature 73(3)
Spurious Infinity and True Infinity 76(4)
Empiricism, Dualism, and True Infinity 80(2)
How Hegel's Position Relates to ``Compatibilism'' and ``Incompatibilism'' 82(1)
True Infinity, ``Striving,'' and ``Actuality'' 83(3)
True Infinity and the ``Negation of the Negation'' 86(2)
Substance and Subject 88(3)
Modernity and ``Metaphysics'': Hegel and His Predecessors 91(1)
Reality and Ideality, ``Realism'' and ``Idealism'' 92(4)
True Infinity and God 96(7)
Two Contrasting Critiques of Hegel's Theology: Heidegger and Magee 103(6)
Knowledge, Skepticism, and True Infinity 109(7)
Knowledge and ``Faith'' 116(2)
Earlier Versions of These Ideas, in Hegel's Development 118(4)
Charles Taylor's Interpretation of True Infinity 122(4)
Hegel Not An ``Atomist'' 126(1)
Being-For-Self and the ``Collapse'' of True Infinity 127(5)
Atomism 132(4)
Social Atomism 136(5)
Identity, Contradiction, Actuality, and Freedom (Science of Logic II) 141(73)
Introduction to Chapters 4 and 5 141(2)
Quantity and the Theme of ``Unity'' 143(4)
Measure 147(5)
Absolute Indifference 152(2)
Beyond Absolute Indifference: Essence 154(1)
Introduction to Essence: Being-in-and-for-Self 155(4)
Essence as Shine and Negativity: Hegel's New Conception of Immediacy or Being, and His Critique of ``The Given'' 159(10)
Essence as Reflection 169(6)
The Reflection-Determinations: Identity and Difference 175(3)
The Reflection-Determinations: Difference 178(2)
The Reflection-Determinations: From Diversity to Opposition 180(4)
The Reflection-Determinations: From Opposition to Contradiction 184(6)
From Reflection to Actuality 190(2)
From Actuality to Absolute Necessity 192(5)
The Actual and the Rational 197(2)
Substance and Causality 199(3)
From Reciprocal Action to Freedom 202(6)
What Sort of ``Freedom'' is This? 208(6)
Freedom, God, and the Refutation of Rational Egoism (Science of Logic III) 214(54)
From Substance to the ``Concept'' 214(2)
The Concept as ``Free Love'' and True Infinity 216(2)
Why Call This a ``Concept''? 218(6)
Substance and Subject 224(4)
Particularity and Singularity; ``Abstractness'' and ``Emptiness'' Versus ``Concreteness'' 228(3)
The ``Emptiness'' of Kant's Principle of Ethics 231(2)
The Concept and the Will (Philosophy of Right, Introduction) 233(4)
From the Concept (``Subjectivity'') to Objectivity 237(2)
From Objectivity to the ``Idea'' 239(4)
The ``Idea,'' Reason, and Actuality 243(3)
Can Metaphysics, Like This, Be Rationally Defended? 246(1)
The Idea, the ``Cunning'' of Reason, and ``God'' 247(2)
The Idea as Life 249(1)
The ``Genus'': Universality and ``Identity with the Other'' 250(3)
The ``Death'' of the Living Individual 253(5)
The Idea as ``Cognition,'' or Spirit 258(2)
The Absolute Idea as a Refutation of Egoism 260(5)
``Method'' as Being and as Result: The Circle Closes 265(3)
Nature, Freedom, Ethics, and God (The Philosophy of Nature and the Philosophy of Spirit) 268(51)
From Logic to Nature to Spirit 268(2)
Subjectivity Within Nature 270(6)
Spirit 276(3)
Subjective Spirit: ``Soul'' 279(4)
Subjective Spirit: ``Consciousness'' 283(9)
Self-Consciousness, ``Recognition,'' And Reason 285(7)
Subjective Spirit: ``Spirit as Such,'' Theoretical, Practical, and Free 292(6)
Objective Spirit: Introduction 298(1)
Objective Spirit: Abstract ``Right,'' Property and Wrong 298(1)
Objective Spirit: ``Morality,'' Conscience and Evil 299(3)
Objective Spirit: ``Ethical Life'' (Sittlichkeit) 302(6)
Absolute Spirit: Introduction 308(4)
Absolute Spirit: Art 312(1)
Absolute Spirit: Revealed Religion 313(3)
Absolute Spirit: Philosophy 316(3)
Conclusion 319(4)
Index 323
Acknowledgments xv
Publication Citation Style xvii
Preface xxiii
Introduction 1(9)
Our Commitment to Individualism and Our Problems With It 1(4)
Hegel Endorses Individualism
As a Point of Departure 5(5)
Naturalism, Plato, Kant, and Hegel on Reason, Freedom, Responsibility, Ethics, and God 10(38)
Kant and Hegel on the Will 10(8)
Is This ``Freedom'' Actually Slavery (For the ``Inclinations'')? 18(2)
Is This ``Freedom'' Ethically Empty? 20(2)
Is This ``Going Beyond'' Really ``Freedom''? 22(5)
Individualism and Ethics: Hobbes and Gauthier 27(4)
An Early Critic of Hobbes and Gauthier: Plato on the Will and Justice 31(8)
Kant on Individualism (``Autonomy'') and Ethics: The Apparent Failure of a Great Argument 39(3)
Hegel's Reformulation of Kant's Argument from Autonomy to Ethics 42(2)
Kant and Hegel on God and the World 44(4)
Reality, Freedom, and God (Science of Logic I) 48(93)
Introduction 48(5)
Objective Thinking 53(1)
Being 54(5)
Determinate Being, Quality, and the Beginning of the Subject 59(5)
``Negativity,'' or the ``Negation of the Negation'' 64(2)
Finite Being 66(3)
The Finite and the Infinite 69(4)
Infinity, Freedom, and Nature 73(3)
Spurious Infinity and True Infinity 76(4)
Empiricism, Dualism, and True Infinity 80(2)
How Hegel's Position Relates to ``Compatibilism'' and ``Incompatibilism'' 82(1)
True Infinity, ``Striving,'' and ``Actuality'' 83(3)
True Infinity and the ``Negation of the Negation'' 86(2)
Substance and Subject 88(3)
Modernity and ``Metaphysics'': Hegel and His Predecessors 91(1)
Reality and Ideality, ``Realism'' and ``Idealism'' 92(4)
True Infinity and God 96(7)
Two Contrasting Critiques of Hegel's Theology: Heidegger and Magee 103(6)
Knowledge, Skepticism, and True Infinity 109(7)
Knowledge and ``Faith'' 116(2)
Earlier Versions of These Ideas, in Hegel's Development 118(4)
Charles Taylor's Interpretation of True Infinity 122(4)
Hegel Not An ``Atomist'' 126(1)
Being-For-Self and the ``Collapse'' of True Infinity 127(5)
Atomism 132(4)
Social Atomism 136(5)
Identity, Contradiction, Actuality, and Freedom (Science of Logic II) 141(73)
Introduction to Chapters 4 and 5 141(2)
Quantity and the Theme of ``Unity'' 143(4)
Measure 147(5)
Absolute Indifference 152(2)
Beyond Absolute Indifference: Essence 154(1)
Introduction to Essence: Being-in-and-for-Self 155(4)
Essence as Shine and Negativity: Hegel's New Conception of Immediacy or Being, and His Critique of ``The Given'' 159(10)
Essence as Reflection 169(6)
The Reflection-Determinations: Identity and Difference 175(3)
The Reflection-Determinations: Difference 178(2)
The Reflection-Determinations: From Diversity to Opposition 180(4)
The Reflection-Determinations: From Opposition to Contradiction 184(6)
From Reflection to Actuality 190(2)
From Actuality to Absolute Necessity 192(5)
The Actual and the Rational 197(2)
Substance and Causality 199(3)
From Reciprocal Action to Freedom 202(6)
What Sort of ``Freedom'' is This? 208(6)
Freedom, God, and the Refutation of Rational Egoism (Science of Logic III) 214(54)
From Substance to the ``Concept'' 214(2)
The Concept as ``Free Love'' and True Infinity 216(2)
Why Call This a ``Concept''? 218(6)
Substance and Subject 224(4)
Particularity and Singularity; ``Abstractness'' and ``Emptiness'' Versus ``Concreteness'' 228(3)
The ``Emptiness'' of Kant's Principle of Ethics 231(2)
The Concept and the Will (Philosophy of Right, Introduction) 233(4)
From the Concept (``Subjectivity'') to Objectivity 237(2)
From Objectivity to the ``Idea'' 239(4)
The ``Idea,'' Reason, and Actuality 243(3)
Can Metaphysics, Like This, Be Rationally Defended? 246(1)
The Idea, the ``Cunning'' of Reason, and ``God'' 247(2)
The Idea as Life 249(1)
The ``Genus'': Universality and ``Identity with the Other'' 250(3)
The ``Death'' of the Living Individual 253(5)
The Idea as ``Cognition,'' or Spirit 258(2)
The Absolute Idea as a Refutation of Egoism 260(5)
``Method'' as Being and as Result: The Circle Closes 265(3)
Nature, Freedom, Ethics, and God (The Philosophy of Nature and the Philosophy of Spirit) 268(51)
From Logic to Nature to Spirit 268(2)
Subjectivity Within Nature 270(6)
Spirit 276(3)
Subjective Spirit: ``Soul'' 279(4)
Subjective Spirit: ``Consciousness'' 283(9)
Self-Consciousness, ``Recognition,'' And Reason 285(7)
Subjective Spirit: ``Spirit as Such,'' Theoretical, Practical, and Free 292(6)
Objective Spirit: Introduction 298(1)
Objective Spirit: Abstract ``Right,'' Property and Wrong 298(1)
Objective Spirit: ``Morality,'' Conscience and Evil 299(3)
Objective Spirit: ``Ethical Life'' (Sittlichkeit) 302(6)
Absolute Spirit: Introduction 308(4)
Absolute Spirit: Art 312(1)
Absolute Spirit: Revealed Religion 313(3)
Absolute Spirit: Philosophy 316(3)
Conclusion 319(4)
Index 323
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