Cover 1
Half-title 3
Dedication 4
Title 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
Preface 9
1 Introduction 11
2 The Realm of Argumentation Studies 19
Argumentation theory as normative pragmatics 19
The philosophical estate 21
The theoretical estate 28
The analytical estate 32
The empirical estate 37
The practical estate 41
A program for the study of argumentation 47
3 A Model of a Critical Discussion 52
Classical roots of argumentation studies 52
New rhetorics and new dialectics 54
Meta-theoretical principles of pragma-dialectics 62
Dialectical stages in the process of resolving a difference 67
Pragmatic moves in the resolution process 72
4 Relevance 79
Different approaches to relevance 79
From interpretation to analysis 83
Integration of Searlean and Gricean insights 85
A pragma-dialectical notion of relevance 90
The identification of a relevance problem 94
Conditional relevance 97
5 Analysis as Reconstruction 105
Complications in argumentative reality 105
Transformations in an analytical reconstruction 110
The justification of a reconstruction 120
Making an analytic overview 128
6 Rules for a Critical Discussion 133
A critical-rationalistic view of reasonableness 133
Conceptions of reasonableness in the study of argumentation 137
A dialectical notion of reasonableness 141
The pragma-dialectical discussion procedure 145
Rule 1 146
The right to challenge 147
Rule 2 147
The obligation to defend 148
Rule 3 149
Allocation of the burden of proof 150
Allocation of the discussion roles 151
Rule 4 152
Agreements concerning the discussion rules 152
Rule 5 153
Attacking and defending standpoints 153
Rule 6 154
The intersubjective identification procedure 155
Rule 7 157
The intersubjective inference procedure 158
The intersubjective explicitization procedure 158
The intersubjective testing procedure 159
Rule 8 160
Attacking and defending standpoints conclusively 160
Rule 9 161
Optimal use of the right to attack 161
Rule 10 162
Optimal use of the right to defend 162
Rule 11 162
Rule 12 163
The orderly conduct of the discussion 163
Rule 13 164
Rule 14 164
Rights and obligations regarding usage declaratives 166
Rule 15 167
7 Fallacies 168
The state of the art in the study of fallacies 168
Fallacies and the concept of a critical discussion 172
Violations of rules for the confrontation stage 175
Violations of rules for the opening stage 177
Violations of rules for the argumentation stage 178
Violations of the rule for the concluding stage 183
The pragma-dialectical discussion procedure and the analysis of fallacies 184
Examples of an analysis of some well-known fallacies 185
Fallacies and implicit language use 190
The identification of fallacies 194
8 A Code of Conduct for Reasonable Discussants 197
Characteristics of reasonable discussants 197
Ten commandments for reasonable discussants 200
References 207
Index 217