Species sensitivity distributions in ecotoxicology /


SECTION I General Introduction and History
of SSDs
Chapter 1
General Introduction to Species Sensitivity Distributions ........................................3
Leo Posthuma, Theo P. Traas, and Glenn W. Suter II
Chapter 2
North American History of Species Sensitivity Distributions ................................ 11
Glenn W. Suter II
Chapter 3
European History of Species Sensitivity Distributions........................................... 19
Nico M. van Straalen and Corelis J. van Leeuwen
SECTION II Scientific Principles and
Characteristics of SSDs
Chapter 4
Theory of Ecological Risk Assessment Based on Species Sensitivity
Distributions............................................................................................................. 37
Nico M. van Straalen
Chapter 5
Normal Species Sensitivity Distributions and Probabilistic Ecological Risk
Assessment...............................................................................................................49
Tom Aldenberg, Joanna S. Jaworska, and Theo P. Traas
Chapter 6
Extrapolation Factors for Tiny Toxicity Data Sets from Species Sensitivity
Distributions with Known Standard Deviation ..................................................... 103
Tom Aldenberg and Robert Luttik



Chapter 7
Species Sensitivity Distributions in Ecological Risk Assessment:
Distributional Assumptions, Alternate Bootstrap Techniques, and Estimation
of Adequate Num ber of Species ...........................................................................119
Michael C. Newman, David R. Ownby, Laurent C. A. Mezin,
David C. Powell, Tyler R. L. Christensen, Scott B. Lerberg,
Britt-Anne Anderson, and Tiruponithura V Padma
Chapter 8
Observed Regularities in Species Sensitivity Distributions
for A quatic Species................................................................................................ 133
Dick de Zwart
Chapter 9
The Value of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Concept for Predicting Field
Effects: (Non-)confirmation of the Concept Using Semifield Experiments ........ 155
Paul J. van den Brink, Theo C. M. Brock, and Leo Posthuma
SECTION III Applications of SSDs
A. Derivation of Environmental Quality Criteria
Chapter 10
Effects Assessment of Fabric Softeners: The DHTDMAC Case ......................... 199
Corelis J. van Leeuwen and Joanna S. Jaworska
Chapter 11
Use of Species Sensitivity Distributions in the Derivation of Water Quality
Criteria for Aquatic Life by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ............211
Charles E. Stephan
Chapter 12
Environmental Risk Limits in the Netherlands .....................................................221
Dick T. H. M. Sijm, Annemarie P van Wezel, and Trudie Crommentuijn
Chapter 13
A Rank-Based Approach to Deriving Canadian Soil and Sediment
Quality Guidelines ..................................................................................255
Connie L. Gaudet, Doug Bright, Kathie Adare, and Kelly Potter
Chapter 14
Ecotoxicological Soil Quality Criteria in Denmark .............................................275
Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand and John Jensen



B. Ecological Risk Assessment
Chapter 15
Probabilistic Risk Assessment Using Species Sensitivity Distributions .............285
Keith R. Solomon and Peter Takacs
Chapter 16
The Potentially Affected Fraction as a Measure of Ecological Risk ...................315
Theo P Traas, Dik van de Meent, Leo Posthuma, Timo Hamers,
Belinda J. Kater, Dick de Zwart, and Tom Aldenberg
Chapter 17
Methodology for Aquatic Ecological Risk Assessment ....................................... 345
William J. Warren-Hicks, Benjamin R. Parkhurst, and Jonathan B. Butcher
Chapter 18
Toxicity-Based Assessment of Water Quality .......................................................383
Dick de Zwart and Aart Sterkenburg
Chapter 19
Mapping Risks of Heavy Metals to Birds and Mammals Using Species
Sensitivity D istributions ........................................................................................403
Theo P Traas, Robert Luttik, and Hans Mensink
Chapter 20
Ecotoxicological Impacts in Life Cycle Assessment............................................421
Mark A. J. Huijbregts, Dik van de Meent, Mark Goedkoop,
and Renilde Spriensma
SECTION IV Evaluation and Outlook
Chapter 21
Issues and Practices in the Derivation and Use of Species Sensitivity
Distributions...........................................................................................................437
Glenn W. Suter II, Theo P Traas, and Leo Posthuma
Chapter 22
Conceptual and Technical Outlook on Species Sensitivity Distributions ............475
Leo Posthuma, Theo P Traas, Dick de Zwart, and Glenn W. Suter II