Alternative protein sources in aquaculture diets /
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作 者：Chhorn Lim, Carl D. Webster, Cheng-Sheng Lee, editors.
分类号：
ISBN：9781560221487
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简介
A unique resource that describes the ingredients included in an aquaculture diet, species profiles, processing methods, impacts to environment and industry, and more! Aquaculture is and will remain a major food producing sector in the future. To become more efficient and successful in the aquaculture industry, operations need to provide good nutrition. Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets is a unique source describing the ingredients included in fish and crustacean diets, their nutrient compositions, species profiles, suitability for species, processing methods, and impacts of alternative ingredients on the environment and to the aquaculture industry. World-renowned nutritionists and feed technologists explore practical ways for the aquaculture industry to expand and remain competitive, and discuss ways to develop less expensive alternative sources or protein. Diet costs take up a huge chunk of operating expenditures, with fish meal being one of the most expensive ingredients in the aquaculture diet. Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets provides detailed knowledge on the use of alternative plant and animal protein sources, offering opportunities to either partially or completely replace fish meal. This comprehensive, up-to-date text discusses the most widely used ingredients as well as various previously under-utilized ingredients which could be of significant potential in the future. The book is extensively referenced and includes numerous helpful tables to clearly present data. Topics discussed in Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets (for finfish and crustacean species) include: • farmed fish diet requirements • reduction of waste through diet formulation • poultry by-product meal • meat packing by-products • soybean protein foodstuffs • cottonseed meal • lupins • unconventional plant protein supplements • and much, much more! Alternative Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets is an essential resource for aquaculturists, nutritionists, feed formulators, feed mill operators, extension specialists, fish farmers and producers, ingredient suppliers, and policymakers.
目录
About the Editors p. xiii
Contributors p. xv
Preface p. xvii
Acknowledgments p. xix
Chapter 1 Farmed Fish Diet Requirements for the Next Decade and Implications for Global Availability of Nutrients Ronald W. Hardy p. 1
Introduction p. 1
Chapter 2 Development of High Nutrient-Dense Diets and Fish Feeding Systems for Optimum Production and Aquaculture Waste Reduction: A Treatise C. Young Cho p. 17
Introduction p. 17
Reduction of Waste Through Diet Formulation p. 20
Reducing Waste Outputs Through Feeding System p. 28
Chapter 3 Replacement of Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal and Hydrolyzed Feather Meal in Feeds for Finfish Yu Yu p. 51
Introduction p. 51
Use of Poultry By-Product Meal (PBM) p. 52
Use of Hydrolyzed Feather Meal (FeM) p. 73
Practical Diets p. 74
General Discussion p. 82
Cost Comparison p. 85
Recommended FM Replacement Rates p. 86
Conclusion p. 86
Chapter 4 Use of Meatpacking By-Products in Fish Diets Menghe H. Li and Edwin H. Robinson and Chhorn E. Lim p. 95
Introduction p. 95
Meatpacking By-Products p. 96
Chemical Composition p. 97
Nutrient Availability p. 99
Utilization of Meatpacking By-Products by Finfish p. 105
Conclusion p. 112
Chapter 5 Use of Fisheries Coproducts in Feeds for Aquatic Animals Ian Forster p. 117
Introduction p. 117
Sources p. 119
Products and Their Use in Aquatic Diets p. 120
Factors to Consider in the Use of By-Products for Aquatic Diets p. 126
Conclusions, Research Gaps, and Recommendations p. 129
Chapter 6 Use of Animal By-Products in Crustacean Diets Shi-Yen Shiau p. 133
Introduction p. 133
Fisheries By-Products p. 134
Poultry By-Products p. 145
Meat By-Products p. 147
Digestibility p. 149
Conclusion p. 152
Chapter 7 Use of Plant Protein Sources in Crustacean Diets Jesus A. Venero and D. Allen Davis and Chhorn Lim p. 163
Introduction p. 163
Plant Protein Sources p. 165
Ingredient Selection Criteria p. 167
Plant Protein Use in Crustacean Diets p. 173
Use of Oilseed Meals in Crustacean Diets p. 176
Use of Other Leguminous Seed Meals in Crustacean Diets p. 188
Use of Leguminous Leaf Meals in Crustacean Diets p. 190
Use of By-Products of the Brewery Industry in Crustacean Diets p. 191
Use of Protein Isolates/Concentrates in Crustacean Diets p. 191
Use of Algae Meals in Crustacean Diets p. 192
Conclusion p. 193
Chapter 8 Protein Feedstuffs Originating from Soybeans Paul B. Brown and Sadasivam J. Kaushik and Helena Peres p. 205
Introduction p. 205
Nutritional Concentrations p. 206
Antinutritional Factors p. 213
Soybean Quality p. 218
Conclusions and Recommendations p. 219
Chapter 9 Utilization of Soy Products in Diets of Freshwater Fishes Paul B. Brown p. 225
Introduction p. 225
Nutrient Availability p. 225
Utilization of Soybean Feedstuffs p. 244
Conclusions p. 251
Chapter 10 Soybean Products in Salmonid Diets Sadasivam J. Kaushik p. 261
Introduction p. 261
Nutrient Availability p. 262
Effects of Antinutritional Factors Found in Soybean By-Products p. 267
Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Soy Protein by Salmonids p. 270
Utilization of Soybean Oil by Salmonids p. 272
Conclusion and Recommendations p. 273
Chapter 11 Utilization of Soybean Products in Diets of Nonsalmonid Marine Finfish Helena Peres and Chhorn Lim p. 281
Introduction p. 281
Chemical Composition p. 282
Nutrient Availability p. 284
Utilization of Soybean Products in Diets of Marine Fish p. 294
Conclusion p. 306
Chapter 12 Cottonseed Meal in Fish Diets Chhorn Lim and Menghe H. Li and Edwin Robinson and Mediha Yildirim-Aksoy p. 313
Introduction p. 313
Gossypol Toxicity p. 314
Effects of Dietary Factors on Gossypol Toxicity p. 318
Tissue Gossypol Accumulation and Elimination p. 321
Gossypol and Reproductive Performance p. 324
Gossypol and Fish Health p. 325
Nutritional Value of CSM p. 327
Use of CSM in Fish Diets p. 332
Chapter 13 Use of Rapeseed/Canola in Diets of Aquaculture Species C. Burel and Sadasivam J. Kaushik p. 343
Introduction p. 343
Processing of Rapeseed/Canola Products and Meals p. 345
Chemical Composition p. 351
ANFs p. 363
Nutrient Availability p. 388
Use of Rapeseed/Canola Protein Products in Fish Diets p. 393
Conclusion and Recommendations p. 402
Chapter 14 Lupins in Fish and Shrimp Diets D. M. Smith and B. D. Glencross and G. L. Allan p. 409
Introduction p. 409
Product Names p. 410
Chemical Composition p. 411
Nutrient Availability p. 416
Utilization of Lupins in Aquafeeds p. 421
Effect of Lupins on Feed Processing p. 426
Conclusions and Recommendations p. 427
Chapter 15 Underutilized and Unconventional Plant Protein Supplements Robert C. Reigh p. 433
Introduction p. 433
Use of Alternative Protein Supplements in Aquafeeds p. 434
Conclusion p. 465
Chapter 16 Use of Distillers Grains with Solubles and Brewery By-Products in Fish and Crustacean Diets Carl D. Webster and Kenneth R. Thompson and Linda S. Metts and Laura A. Muzinic p. 475
Introduction p. 475
Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles p. 478
Brewer's Grains (with Yeast) p. 491
Chapter 17 Use of Diet Additives to Improve Nutritional Value of Alternative Protein Sources Delbert M. Gatlin III and Peng Li p. 501
Introduction p. 501
Nutritional Supplements p. 502
Conclusions p. 516
Chapter 18 Extrusion of Aquafeeds Formulated with Alternative Protein Sources Mian N. Riaz p. 523
What Is Extrusion? p. 523
Advantages of Extrusion p. 524
Aquaculture Feed Manufacturing p. 525
Major Parameters Affecting Extrusion Processes p. 529
Hardware p. 531
Processing Conditions (Software) p. 534
Making Feeds with Alternative Sources of Protein p. 537
Conclusion p. 545
Index p. 547
Contributors p. xv
Preface p. xvii
Acknowledgments p. xix
Chapter 1 Farmed Fish Diet Requirements for the Next Decade and Implications for Global Availability of Nutrients Ronald W. Hardy p. 1
Introduction p. 1
Chapter 2 Development of High Nutrient-Dense Diets and Fish Feeding Systems for Optimum Production and Aquaculture Waste Reduction: A Treatise C. Young Cho p. 17
Introduction p. 17
Reduction of Waste Through Diet Formulation p. 20
Reducing Waste Outputs Through Feeding System p. 28
Chapter 3 Replacement of Fish Meal with Poultry By-Product Meal and Hydrolyzed Feather Meal in Feeds for Finfish Yu Yu p. 51
Introduction p. 51
Use of Poultry By-Product Meal (PBM) p. 52
Use of Hydrolyzed Feather Meal (FeM) p. 73
Practical Diets p. 74
General Discussion p. 82
Cost Comparison p. 85
Recommended FM Replacement Rates p. 86
Conclusion p. 86
Chapter 4 Use of Meatpacking By-Products in Fish Diets Menghe H. Li and Edwin H. Robinson and Chhorn E. Lim p. 95
Introduction p. 95
Meatpacking By-Products p. 96
Chemical Composition p. 97
Nutrient Availability p. 99
Utilization of Meatpacking By-Products by Finfish p. 105
Conclusion p. 112
Chapter 5 Use of Fisheries Coproducts in Feeds for Aquatic Animals Ian Forster p. 117
Introduction p. 117
Sources p. 119
Products and Their Use in Aquatic Diets p. 120
Factors to Consider in the Use of By-Products for Aquatic Diets p. 126
Conclusions, Research Gaps, and Recommendations p. 129
Chapter 6 Use of Animal By-Products in Crustacean Diets Shi-Yen Shiau p. 133
Introduction p. 133
Fisheries By-Products p. 134
Poultry By-Products p. 145
Meat By-Products p. 147
Digestibility p. 149
Conclusion p. 152
Chapter 7 Use of Plant Protein Sources in Crustacean Diets Jesus A. Venero and D. Allen Davis and Chhorn Lim p. 163
Introduction p. 163
Plant Protein Sources p. 165
Ingredient Selection Criteria p. 167
Plant Protein Use in Crustacean Diets p. 173
Use of Oilseed Meals in Crustacean Diets p. 176
Use of Other Leguminous Seed Meals in Crustacean Diets p. 188
Use of Leguminous Leaf Meals in Crustacean Diets p. 190
Use of By-Products of the Brewery Industry in Crustacean Diets p. 191
Use of Protein Isolates/Concentrates in Crustacean Diets p. 191
Use of Algae Meals in Crustacean Diets p. 192
Conclusion p. 193
Chapter 8 Protein Feedstuffs Originating from Soybeans Paul B. Brown and Sadasivam J. Kaushik and Helena Peres p. 205
Introduction p. 205
Nutritional Concentrations p. 206
Antinutritional Factors p. 213
Soybean Quality p. 218
Conclusions and Recommendations p. 219
Chapter 9 Utilization of Soy Products in Diets of Freshwater Fishes Paul B. Brown p. 225
Introduction p. 225
Nutrient Availability p. 225
Utilization of Soybean Feedstuffs p. 244
Conclusions p. 251
Chapter 10 Soybean Products in Salmonid Diets Sadasivam J. Kaushik p. 261
Introduction p. 261
Nutrient Availability p. 262
Effects of Antinutritional Factors Found in Soybean By-Products p. 267
Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Soy Protein by Salmonids p. 270
Utilization of Soybean Oil by Salmonids p. 272
Conclusion and Recommendations p. 273
Chapter 11 Utilization of Soybean Products in Diets of Nonsalmonid Marine Finfish Helena Peres and Chhorn Lim p. 281
Introduction p. 281
Chemical Composition p. 282
Nutrient Availability p. 284
Utilization of Soybean Products in Diets of Marine Fish p. 294
Conclusion p. 306
Chapter 12 Cottonseed Meal in Fish Diets Chhorn Lim and Menghe H. Li and Edwin Robinson and Mediha Yildirim-Aksoy p. 313
Introduction p. 313
Gossypol Toxicity p. 314
Effects of Dietary Factors on Gossypol Toxicity p. 318
Tissue Gossypol Accumulation and Elimination p. 321
Gossypol and Reproductive Performance p. 324
Gossypol and Fish Health p. 325
Nutritional Value of CSM p. 327
Use of CSM in Fish Diets p. 332
Chapter 13 Use of Rapeseed/Canola in Diets of Aquaculture Species C. Burel and Sadasivam J. Kaushik p. 343
Introduction p. 343
Processing of Rapeseed/Canola Products and Meals p. 345
Chemical Composition p. 351
ANFs p. 363
Nutrient Availability p. 388
Use of Rapeseed/Canola Protein Products in Fish Diets p. 393
Conclusion and Recommendations p. 402
Chapter 14 Lupins in Fish and Shrimp Diets D. M. Smith and B. D. Glencross and G. L. Allan p. 409
Introduction p. 409
Product Names p. 410
Chemical Composition p. 411
Nutrient Availability p. 416
Utilization of Lupins in Aquafeeds p. 421
Effect of Lupins on Feed Processing p. 426
Conclusions and Recommendations p. 427
Chapter 15 Underutilized and Unconventional Plant Protein Supplements Robert C. Reigh p. 433
Introduction p. 433
Use of Alternative Protein Supplements in Aquafeeds p. 434
Conclusion p. 465
Chapter 16 Use of Distillers Grains with Solubles and Brewery By-Products in Fish and Crustacean Diets Carl D. Webster and Kenneth R. Thompson and Linda S. Metts and Laura A. Muzinic p. 475
Introduction p. 475
Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles p. 478
Brewer's Grains (with Yeast) p. 491
Chapter 17 Use of Diet Additives to Improve Nutritional Value of Alternative Protein Sources Delbert M. Gatlin III and Peng Li p. 501
Introduction p. 501
Nutritional Supplements p. 502
Conclusions p. 516
Chapter 18 Extrusion of Aquafeeds Formulated with Alternative Protein Sources Mian N. Riaz p. 523
What Is Extrusion? p. 523
Advantages of Extrusion p. 524
Aquaculture Feed Manufacturing p. 525
Major Parameters Affecting Extrusion Processes p. 529
Hardware p. 531
Processing Conditions (Software) p. 534
Making Feeds with Alternative Sources of Protein p. 537
Conclusion p. 545
Index p. 547
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