简介
Following the exciting exploration of hot vent and cold seep ecosystems, the rediscovery of cold-water coral ecosystems with high-technology instrumentation is currently another hot topic in multidisciplinary marine research. Conventionally, coral reefs are regarded as restricted to warm and well-illuminated tropical seas, not associated with cold and dark waters of higher latitudes. However, ongoing scientific missions have shed light on the global significance of this overlooked ecosystem. Cold-water coral ecosystems are involved in the formation of large seabed structures such as reefs and giant carbonate mounds, and they represent unexploited paleo-environmental archives of earth history. Like their tropical cousins, cold-water coral ecosystems harbour rich species diversity. Despite the great water depths, commercial interests overlap more and more with the coral occurrences. Human activities already impinge directly on cold-water coral reefs causing severe damage to this vulnerable ecosystem. In this volume, the current key institutions involved in cold-water coral research have contributed 62 state-of-the-art articles from geology and oceanography to biology and conservation.
目录
Front matter 3-133
I / The paleoenvironmental context 3-25
Azooxanthellate corals in the Late Maastrichtian - Early Paleocene of the Danish basin: bryozoan and coral mounds in a boreal shelf setting 27-40
Corals from deep-water methane-seep deposits in Paleogene strata of Western Oregon and Washington, U.S.A. 41-59
Growth, deposition, and facies of Pleistocene bathyal coral communities from Rhodes, Greece 61-86
Enhanced biodiversity in the deep: Early Pleistocene coral communities from southern Italy 87-112
Sedimentary patterns in the vicinity of a carbonate mound in the Hovland Mound Province, northern Porcupine Seabight 113-133
Deep-water corals of the northeastern Atlantic margin: carbonate mound evolution and upper intermediate water ventilation during the Holocene 137-356
II / Distribution 137-156
Deep coral growth in the Mediterranean Sea: an overview 157-172
U/Th-dating of deep-water corals from the eastern North Atlantic and the western Mediterranean Sea 173-205
Distribution and habitats of Acesta excavata(Bivalvia: Limidae) with new data on its shell ultrastructure 207-221
Deep-water coral occurrences in the Strait of Gibraltar 223-245
An assessment of the distribution of deep-sea corals in Atlantic Canada by using both scientific and local forms of knowledge 247-277
Deep-water corals and their habitats in The Gully, a submarine canyon off Atlantic Canada 279-296
Distribution of deep-water Alcyonacea off the Northeast Coast of the United States 297-307
Occurrence of deep-water Lophelia pertusaand Madrepora oculatain the Gulf of Mexico 309-330
Southern Caribbean azooxanthellate coral communities off Colombia 331-343
Habitat-forming deep-sea corals in the Northeast Pacific Ocean 345-356
Recent observations on the distribution of deep-sea coral communities on the Shiribeshi Seamount, Sea of Japan 359-479
III / Mapping 359-391
Mapping of Lopheliareefs in Norway: experiences and survey methods 393-402
Deep-water coral mounds on the Porcupine Bank, Irish Margin: preliminary results from the Polarstern ARK-XIX/3a ROV cruise 403-415
New view of the Belgica Mounds, Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic: preliminary results from the Polarstern ARK-XIX/3a ROV cruise 417-441
Carbonate mounds off Mauritania, Northwest Africa: status of deep-water corals and implications for management of fishing and oil exploration activities 443-465
Mapping, habitat characterization, and fish surveys of the deep-water Oculinacoral reef Marine Protected Area: a review of historical and current research 467-479
Predicting habitat for two species of deep-water coral on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf and slope 483-650
IV / Exogenic and endogenic controls 483-502
Monitoring environmental variability around cold-water coral reefs: the use of a benthic photolander and the potential of seafloor observatories 503-514
Deep-water coral development as a function of hydrodynamics and surface productivity around the submarine banks of the Rockall Trough, NE Atlantic 515-533
Development of coral banks in Porcupine Seabight: do they have Mediterranean ancestors? 535-569
The seabed appearance of different coral bank provinces in the Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic: results from sidescan sonar and ROV seabed mapping 571-603
Sedimentary processes and carbonate mounds in the Belgica Mound province, Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic 605-621
Sponge reefs in the Queen Charlotte Basin, Canada: controls on distribution, growth and development 623-632
Pockmark-associated coral reefs at the Kristin field off Mid-Norway 633-650
Sedimentological and geochemical environment of the Fugl酶y Reef off northern Norway 653-744
V / Coral Biology 653-662
Molecular ecology of Lophelia pertusain the NE Atlantic 663-678
Population genetic structure of the Hawaiian precious coral Corallium lauuense(Octocorallia: Coralliidae) using microsatellites 679-690
Genetic circumscription of deep-water coral species in Canada using 18S rRNA 691-700
Deep-water Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): current knowledge of reproductive processes 701-713
Reproductive ecology of three reef-forming, deep-sea corals in the New Zealand region 715-729
Lipids and nitrogen isotopes of two deep-water corals from the North-East Atlantic: initial results and implications for their nutrition 731-744
Calcifying extracellular mucus substances (EMS) of Madrepora oculata鈥?a first geobiological approach 747-1001
VI / Diversity 747-760
Are deep-water corals important habitats for fishes? 761-769
A habitat classification scheme for seamount landscapes: assessing the functional role of deep-water corals as fish habitat 771-805
Role of cold-water Lophelia pertusacoral reefs as fish habitat in the NE Atlantic 807-819
Remarkable sessile fauna associated with deep coral and other calcareous substrates in the Strait of Sicily, Mediterranean Sea 821-847
The metazoan meiofauna associated with a cold-water coral degradation zone in the Porcupine Seabight (NE Atlantic) 849-879
Distribution and diversity of species associated with deep-sea gorgonian corals off Atlantic Canada 881-894
Attached benthic Foraminifera as indicators of past and present distribution of the coral Primnoa resedaeformison the Scotian Margin 895-914
Preliminary study of bioerosion in the deep-water coral Lophelia, Pleistocene, Rhodes, Greece 915-936
Bioerosion patterns in a deep-water Lophelia pertusa(Scleractinia) thicket (Propeller Mound, northern Porcupine Seabight) 937-977
Shallow-water Desmophyllum dianthus(Scleractinia) from Chile: characteristics of the biocoenoses, the bioeroding community, heterotrophic interactions and (paleo)-bathymetric implications 979-1001
The physical niche of the bathyal Lophelia pertusain a non-bathyal setting: environmental controls and palaeoecological implications 1005-1126
VII / Environmental archive 1005-1020
C and O isotopes in a deep-sea coral ( Lophelia pertusa)related to skeletal microstructure 1021-1038
Investigations of age and growth for three deep-sea corals from the Davidson Seamount off central California 1039-1060
Testing the reproducibility of Mg/Ca profiles in the deep-water coral Primnoa resedaeformis: putting the proxy through its paces 1061-1079
Skeletal Mg/Ca in Primnoa resedaeformis: relationship to temperature? 1081-1096
Paleotemperatures from deep-sea corals: scale effects 1097-1108
Climate records from the Faroe-Shetland Channel using Lophelia pertusa(Linnaeus, 1758) 1109-1126
High-resolution trace and minor element compositions in deep-water scleractinian corals (Desmophyllum dianthus) from the Mediterranean Sea and the Great Australian Bight 1129-1209
VIII / Conservation 1129-1140
Identifying critical information needs and developing institutional partnerships to further the understanding of Atlantic deep-sea coral ecosystems 1141-1149
Oceana鈥檚 efforts to protect deep-sea coral in the United States 1151-1169
A cost effective approach to protecting deep-sea coral and sponge ecosystems with an application to Alaska鈥檚 Aleutian Islands region 1171-1187
Conservation and management implications of deep-sea coral and fishing effort distributions in the Northeast Pacific Ocean 1189-1198
Deep-sea corals and resource protection at the Davidson Seamount, California, U.S.A. 1199-1209
Conserving corals in Atlantic Canada: a historical perspective 1211-1243
Back matter Back matter
I / The paleoenvironmental context 3-25
Azooxanthellate corals in the Late Maastrichtian - Early Paleocene of the Danish basin: bryozoan and coral mounds in a boreal shelf setting 27-40
Corals from deep-water methane-seep deposits in Paleogene strata of Western Oregon and Washington, U.S.A. 41-59
Growth, deposition, and facies of Pleistocene bathyal coral communities from Rhodes, Greece 61-86
Enhanced biodiversity in the deep: Early Pleistocene coral communities from southern Italy 87-112
Sedimentary patterns in the vicinity of a carbonate mound in the Hovland Mound Province, northern Porcupine Seabight 113-133
Deep-water corals of the northeastern Atlantic margin: carbonate mound evolution and upper intermediate water ventilation during the Holocene 137-356
II / Distribution 137-156
Deep coral growth in the Mediterranean Sea: an overview 157-172
U/Th-dating of deep-water corals from the eastern North Atlantic and the western Mediterranean Sea 173-205
Distribution and habitats of Acesta excavata(Bivalvia: Limidae) with new data on its shell ultrastructure 207-221
Deep-water coral occurrences in the Strait of Gibraltar 223-245
An assessment of the distribution of deep-sea corals in Atlantic Canada by using both scientific and local forms of knowledge 247-277
Deep-water corals and their habitats in The Gully, a submarine canyon off Atlantic Canada 279-296
Distribution of deep-water Alcyonacea off the Northeast Coast of the United States 297-307
Occurrence of deep-water Lophelia pertusaand Madrepora oculatain the Gulf of Mexico 309-330
Southern Caribbean azooxanthellate coral communities off Colombia 331-343
Habitat-forming deep-sea corals in the Northeast Pacific Ocean 345-356
Recent observations on the distribution of deep-sea coral communities on the Shiribeshi Seamount, Sea of Japan 359-479
III / Mapping 359-391
Mapping of Lopheliareefs in Norway: experiences and survey methods 393-402
Deep-water coral mounds on the Porcupine Bank, Irish Margin: preliminary results from the Polarstern ARK-XIX/3a ROV cruise 403-415
New view of the Belgica Mounds, Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic: preliminary results from the Polarstern ARK-XIX/3a ROV cruise 417-441
Carbonate mounds off Mauritania, Northwest Africa: status of deep-water corals and implications for management of fishing and oil exploration activities 443-465
Mapping, habitat characterization, and fish surveys of the deep-water Oculinacoral reef Marine Protected Area: a review of historical and current research 467-479
Predicting habitat for two species of deep-water coral on the Canadian Atlantic continental shelf and slope 483-650
IV / Exogenic and endogenic controls 483-502
Monitoring environmental variability around cold-water coral reefs: the use of a benthic photolander and the potential of seafloor observatories 503-514
Deep-water coral development as a function of hydrodynamics and surface productivity around the submarine banks of the Rockall Trough, NE Atlantic 515-533
Development of coral banks in Porcupine Seabight: do they have Mediterranean ancestors? 535-569
The seabed appearance of different coral bank provinces in the Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic: results from sidescan sonar and ROV seabed mapping 571-603
Sedimentary processes and carbonate mounds in the Belgica Mound province, Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic 605-621
Sponge reefs in the Queen Charlotte Basin, Canada: controls on distribution, growth and development 623-632
Pockmark-associated coral reefs at the Kristin field off Mid-Norway 633-650
Sedimentological and geochemical environment of the Fugl酶y Reef off northern Norway 653-744
V / Coral Biology 653-662
Molecular ecology of Lophelia pertusain the NE Atlantic 663-678
Population genetic structure of the Hawaiian precious coral Corallium lauuense(Octocorallia: Coralliidae) using microsatellites 679-690
Genetic circumscription of deep-water coral species in Canada using 18S rRNA 691-700
Deep-water Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa): current knowledge of reproductive processes 701-713
Reproductive ecology of three reef-forming, deep-sea corals in the New Zealand region 715-729
Lipids and nitrogen isotopes of two deep-water corals from the North-East Atlantic: initial results and implications for their nutrition 731-744
Calcifying extracellular mucus substances (EMS) of Madrepora oculata鈥?a first geobiological approach 747-1001
VI / Diversity 747-760
Are deep-water corals important habitats for fishes? 761-769
A habitat classification scheme for seamount landscapes: assessing the functional role of deep-water corals as fish habitat 771-805
Role of cold-water Lophelia pertusacoral reefs as fish habitat in the NE Atlantic 807-819
Remarkable sessile fauna associated with deep coral and other calcareous substrates in the Strait of Sicily, Mediterranean Sea 821-847
The metazoan meiofauna associated with a cold-water coral degradation zone in the Porcupine Seabight (NE Atlantic) 849-879
Distribution and diversity of species associated with deep-sea gorgonian corals off Atlantic Canada 881-894
Attached benthic Foraminifera as indicators of past and present distribution of the coral Primnoa resedaeformison the Scotian Margin 895-914
Preliminary study of bioerosion in the deep-water coral Lophelia, Pleistocene, Rhodes, Greece 915-936
Bioerosion patterns in a deep-water Lophelia pertusa(Scleractinia) thicket (Propeller Mound, northern Porcupine Seabight) 937-977
Shallow-water Desmophyllum dianthus(Scleractinia) from Chile: characteristics of the biocoenoses, the bioeroding community, heterotrophic interactions and (paleo)-bathymetric implications 979-1001
The physical niche of the bathyal Lophelia pertusain a non-bathyal setting: environmental controls and palaeoecological implications 1005-1126
VII / Environmental archive 1005-1020
C and O isotopes in a deep-sea coral ( Lophelia pertusa)related to skeletal microstructure 1021-1038
Investigations of age and growth for three deep-sea corals from the Davidson Seamount off central California 1039-1060
Testing the reproducibility of Mg/Ca profiles in the deep-water coral Primnoa resedaeformis: putting the proxy through its paces 1061-1079
Skeletal Mg/Ca in Primnoa resedaeformis: relationship to temperature? 1081-1096
Paleotemperatures from deep-sea corals: scale effects 1097-1108
Climate records from the Faroe-Shetland Channel using Lophelia pertusa(Linnaeus, 1758) 1109-1126
High-resolution trace and minor element compositions in deep-water scleractinian corals (Desmophyllum dianthus) from the Mediterranean Sea and the Great Australian Bight 1129-1209
VIII / Conservation 1129-1140
Identifying critical information needs and developing institutional partnerships to further the understanding of Atlantic deep-sea coral ecosystems 1141-1149
Oceana鈥檚 efforts to protect deep-sea coral in the United States 1151-1169
A cost effective approach to protecting deep-sea coral and sponge ecosystems with an application to Alaska鈥檚 Aleutian Islands region 1171-1187
Conservation and management implications of deep-sea coral and fishing effort distributions in the Northeast Pacific Ocean 1189-1198
Deep-sea corals and resource protection at the Davidson Seamount, California, U.S.A. 1199-1209
Conserving corals in Atlantic Canada: a historical perspective 1211-1243
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