简介
In this book, T. L. Short corrects widespread misconceptions of Peirce聮s theory of signs and demonstrates its relevance to contemporary analytic philosophy of language, mind, and science. Peirce聮s theory of mind, naturalistic but nonreductive, bears on debates of Fodor and Millikan, among others. His theory of inquiry avoids foundationalism and subjectivism, while his account of reference anticipated views of Kripke and Putnam. Peirce聮s realism falls between 'internal聮 and 'metaphysical聮 realism and is more satisfactory than either. His pragmatism is not verificationism; rather, it identifies meaning with potential growth of knowledge. Short distinguishes Peirce聮s mature theory of signs from his better-known but paradoxical early theory. He develops the mature theory systematically on the basis of Peirce's phenomenological categories and concept of final causation. The latter is distinguished from recent and similar views, such as Brandon聮s, and is shown to be grounded in forms of explanation adopted in modern science.
目录
Preface p. ix
Acknowledgments p. xvii
1 Antecedents and Alternatives p. 1
1 Peirce p. 1
2 Sources of Peirce's Semeiotic in Locke and Kant p. 2
3 Brentano on Intentionality p. 6
4 Chisholm, Quine, et al. on Intentionality p. 11
5 Saussure's Semiology p. 16
6 Aristotle, the Stoics, St. Augustine p. 21
2 The Development of Peirce's Semeiotic p. 27
1 1865-1866: Thoughts as Representations p. 28
2 1867: The 'New List' p. 31
3 1868-1869: Thought-signs p. 32
4 1859-1877: Nominalism versus Realism p. 36
5 Three Flaws in the 1868-1869 Doctrine of Thought-signs p. 42
6 Derrida et cie p. 45
7 1877-1885: The First Flaw Corrected p. 46
8 After 1885: Consequences of the Foregoing p. 51
9 1903: The Second Flaw Corrected p. 53
20 1907: The Last Flaw Corrected p. 56
3 Phaneroscopy p. 60
1 The 1902 Architectonic p. 61
2 The Phaneron and Phaneroscopic Method p. 66
3 The Language of Phaneroscopy p. 71
4 1stness and 2ndness p. 75
5 Two Forms of Generality p. 78
6 The Experience of Continuity p. 80
7 The Experience of Causing p. 82
8 3rdness p. 84
9 The Categories Interpreted Metaphysically p. 86
10 The System of Categories p. 89
4 A Preface to Final Causation p. 91
1 Strange Objects of Desire p. 92
2 What Is Mechanical? p. 94
3 Teleology's Locus Classicus p. 98
4 A Budget of Errors p. 103
5 Hume's Ghost p. 105
6 Ordinary Purposes p. 108
7 The Mysterious Case of the Surplus Body p. 112
5 Final Causation p. 117
1 Explanation in Statistical Mechanics p. 117
2 Reflections on the Preceding p. 124
3 Natural Selection p. 128
4 Evolution and Entropy p. 133
5 Peirce's Concept of Final Causation p. 136
6 Comparison to Recent Views p. 139
7 Purpose's Realm p. 144
6 Significance p. 151
1 Teleology as Conjectural and Empirical p. 152
2 Valuation as Teleological p. 153
3 'Interpret' Defined p. 156
4 'Sign' Defined p. 159
5 'Significance' Defined p. 162
6 The Breadth of These Definitions p. 162
7 Peirce's Definitions of 'Sign' p. 164
8 Peirce's 1907 View p. 168
9 Significance and Purpose p. 172
10 Intentionality Explained p. 174
7 Objects and Interpretants p. 178
1 Much Groping, No Conclusion p. 180
2 Immediate, Dynamic, and Final Interpretants p. 187
3 Immediate and Dynamic Objects p. 191
4 Peirce's Realism p. 196
5 Emotional, Energetic, and Logical Interpretants p. 200
8 A Taxonomy of Signs p. 207
1 Qualisign, Sinsign, Legisign p. 208
2 Icon, Index, Symbol p. 214
3 Iconic, Indexical, and Symbolic Legisigns p. 222
4 A Common Error Corrected p. 225
5 Rheme, Dicisign, Argument p. 231
9 More Taxa p. 235
1 Principles of Semeiotic Taxonomy p. 235
2 Dicisigns and Assertion p. 242
3 Six Trichotomies p. 248
4 Ten Trichotomies p. 256
5 Where We Are Now p. 260
10 How Symbols Grow p. 263
1 Hypostatic Abstraction p. 264
2 The Hiddenness of Abstraction p. 270
3 A Very Virtuous Variety of Vagueness p. 274
4 Abstraction and Rigid Designation p. 276
5 Incommensurability and Meaning's 'Location' p. 279
6 Pragmatism and the Growth of Symbols p. 285
11 Semeiosis and the Mental p. 289
1 Contemporary Philosophy of Mind p. 291
2 Functionalism's Problem with Content p. 295
3 On Being Simple-minded p. 301
4 Beyond Biology p. 303
5 Consciousness and Subjectivity p. 311
12 The Structure of Objectivity p. 317
1 Antifoundationalism p. 318
2 Objectivity p. 323
3 Peirce's Concept of Science p. 326
4 A Fixation on Truth p. 330
5 How Theories Are Tested p. 333
6 Why Observe? p. 337
7 Realism, Not Relativism p. 341
8 How Aims Are Tested p. 344
9 Objectivity and Freedom p. 346
Bibliography p. 349
Name Index p. 361
Subject Index p. 365
Acknowledgments p. xvii
1 Antecedents and Alternatives p. 1
1 Peirce p. 1
2 Sources of Peirce's Semeiotic in Locke and Kant p. 2
3 Brentano on Intentionality p. 6
4 Chisholm, Quine, et al. on Intentionality p. 11
5 Saussure's Semiology p. 16
6 Aristotle, the Stoics, St. Augustine p. 21
2 The Development of Peirce's Semeiotic p. 27
1 1865-1866: Thoughts as Representations p. 28
2 1867: The 'New List' p. 31
3 1868-1869: Thought-signs p. 32
4 1859-1877: Nominalism versus Realism p. 36
5 Three Flaws in the 1868-1869 Doctrine of Thought-signs p. 42
6 Derrida et cie p. 45
7 1877-1885: The First Flaw Corrected p. 46
8 After 1885: Consequences of the Foregoing p. 51
9 1903: The Second Flaw Corrected p. 53
20 1907: The Last Flaw Corrected p. 56
3 Phaneroscopy p. 60
1 The 1902 Architectonic p. 61
2 The Phaneron and Phaneroscopic Method p. 66
3 The Language of Phaneroscopy p. 71
4 1stness and 2ndness p. 75
5 Two Forms of Generality p. 78
6 The Experience of Continuity p. 80
7 The Experience of Causing p. 82
8 3rdness p. 84
9 The Categories Interpreted Metaphysically p. 86
10 The System of Categories p. 89
4 A Preface to Final Causation p. 91
1 Strange Objects of Desire p. 92
2 What Is Mechanical? p. 94
3 Teleology's Locus Classicus p. 98
4 A Budget of Errors p. 103
5 Hume's Ghost p. 105
6 Ordinary Purposes p. 108
7 The Mysterious Case of the Surplus Body p. 112
5 Final Causation p. 117
1 Explanation in Statistical Mechanics p. 117
2 Reflections on the Preceding p. 124
3 Natural Selection p. 128
4 Evolution and Entropy p. 133
5 Peirce's Concept of Final Causation p. 136
6 Comparison to Recent Views p. 139
7 Purpose's Realm p. 144
6 Significance p. 151
1 Teleology as Conjectural and Empirical p. 152
2 Valuation as Teleological p. 153
3 'Interpret' Defined p. 156
4 'Sign' Defined p. 159
5 'Significance' Defined p. 162
6 The Breadth of These Definitions p. 162
7 Peirce's Definitions of 'Sign' p. 164
8 Peirce's 1907 View p. 168
9 Significance and Purpose p. 172
10 Intentionality Explained p. 174
7 Objects and Interpretants p. 178
1 Much Groping, No Conclusion p. 180
2 Immediate, Dynamic, and Final Interpretants p. 187
3 Immediate and Dynamic Objects p. 191
4 Peirce's Realism p. 196
5 Emotional, Energetic, and Logical Interpretants p. 200
8 A Taxonomy of Signs p. 207
1 Qualisign, Sinsign, Legisign p. 208
2 Icon, Index, Symbol p. 214
3 Iconic, Indexical, and Symbolic Legisigns p. 222
4 A Common Error Corrected p. 225
5 Rheme, Dicisign, Argument p. 231
9 More Taxa p. 235
1 Principles of Semeiotic Taxonomy p. 235
2 Dicisigns and Assertion p. 242
3 Six Trichotomies p. 248
4 Ten Trichotomies p. 256
5 Where We Are Now p. 260
10 How Symbols Grow p. 263
1 Hypostatic Abstraction p. 264
2 The Hiddenness of Abstraction p. 270
3 A Very Virtuous Variety of Vagueness p. 274
4 Abstraction and Rigid Designation p. 276
5 Incommensurability and Meaning's 'Location' p. 279
6 Pragmatism and the Growth of Symbols p. 285
11 Semeiosis and the Mental p. 289
1 Contemporary Philosophy of Mind p. 291
2 Functionalism's Problem with Content p. 295
3 On Being Simple-minded p. 301
4 Beyond Biology p. 303
5 Consciousness and Subjectivity p. 311
12 The Structure of Objectivity p. 317
1 Antifoundationalism p. 318
2 Objectivity p. 323
3 Peirce's Concept of Science p. 326
4 A Fixation on Truth p. 330
5 How Theories Are Tested p. 333
6 Why Observe? p. 337
7 Realism, Not Relativism p. 341
8 How Aims Are Tested p. 344
9 Objectivity and Freedom p. 346
Bibliography p. 349
Name Index p. 361
Subject Index p. 365
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