Part I Production Processes and People p. 1
Chapter 1 The Production Process p. 4
The Effect-to-Cause Production Model p. 6
Basic Idea p. 8
Desired Effect: Defined Process Message p. 8
Cause: Medium Requirements p. 10
Script Formats p. 12
Real Effect: Actual Process Message p. 16
Evaluation p. 16
Generating Ideas p. 19
Clustering p. 20
Brainstorming p. 20
Chapter 2 The Production Team: Who Does What When? p. 26
Team Members p. 28
Preproduction Team p. 28
Production Team p. 30
Postproduction Team p. 30
Passing the Buck p. 32
Taking and Sharing Responsibility p. 36
Production Schedule p. 38
Interview Time Line p. 38
Production Schedule: May 25--Interview (Studio 1) p. 39
Part II Image Creation and Control p. 43
Chapter 3 Digital Video p. 46
Basic Image Formation p. 47
Scanning Process p. 48
Digital Television Scanning Systems p. 51
Primary Colors of Video p. 51
What is Digital? p. 52
The Difference Between Analog and Digital p. 52
Why Digital? p. 54
Quality p. 54
Compression and Signal Transport p. 54
Effects and Picture Manipulation p. 55
Chapter 4 The Video Camera p. 58
Basic Camera Function and Elements p. 59
Function p. 60
The Lens p. 61
Beam Splitter p. 65
Imaging Device p. 66
Viewfinder p. 67
Types of Cameras p. 68
Studio Cameras p. 69
HDTV Cameras p. 71
ENG/EFP Cameras p. 72
Consumer Camcorder p. 73
What's the Difference? p. 75
Chapter 5 Looking Through the Viewfinder p. 78
Framing a Shot p. 80
Aspect Ratio p. 80
Field of View p. 82
Vectors p. 84
Composition p. 85
Psychological Closure p. 92
Manipulating Picture Depth p. 95
Defining the Z-axis p. 96
Lenses and Z-axis Length p. 97
Lenses and Depth of Field p. 97
Lenses and Z-axis Speed p. 99
Controlling Camera and Object Motion p. 100
Controlling Camera Movement and Zooms p. 100
Controlling Object Motion p. 102
Chapter 6 Operating the Camera p. 108
Basic Camera Movements p. 110
Camera Mounts and How to Use Them p. 114
The Handheld and Shoulder-Mounted Camera p. 114
The Tripod-Supported Camera p. 117
The Studio Pedestal p. 121
Special Camera Mounts p. 123
Operational Features p. 126
White-balancing p. 126
Focusing p. 127
Zooming p. 130
General Guidelines p. 131
Checklist: Camcorders and Eng/Efp Cameras p. 132
Checklist: Studio Cameras p. 133
Chapter 7 Light, Color, Lighting p. 138
Light p. 140
Types of Light p. 140
Light Intensity p. 140
Contrast p. 141
Shadows p. 142
Attached Shadows p. 142
Cast Shadows p. 145
Falloff p. 146
Color p. 147
Additive and Subtractive Color Mixing p. 147
The Color Television Receiver and Generated Colors p. 148
Color Temperature and White-Balancing p. 148
Lighting Instruments p. 150
Spotlights p. 151
Floodlights p. 154
Lighting Techniques p. 158
Operation of Lights p. 158
Checklist: Lighting Safety p. 158
Studio Lighting p. 160
Field Lighting p. 165
Guidelines: Field Lighting p. 169
Measuring Illumination p. 170
Chapter 8 Audio and Sound Control p. 176
Sound Pickup Principle p. 178
Microphones p. 179
How Well They Can Hear: Sound Pickup p. 179
How They Are Made p. 181
How They Are Used p. 183
Sound Control p. 194
The Audio Mixer p. 194
The Audio Console p. 196
Cables and Patch Panel p. 197
Sound Recording p. 200
Analog Recording Equipment p. 200
Digital Recording Equipment p. 202
Synthesized Sound p. 205
Sound Aesthetics p. 206
Environment p. 206
Figure-Ground p. 206
Perspective p. 207
Continuity p. 207
Energy p. 208
Chapter 9 Video Effects p. 212
Standard Electronic Video Effects p. 214
Superimposition p. 214
Key p. 215
Wipe p. 218
Digital Effects p. 220
Digital Image Manipulation Equipment p. 220
Common Digital Video Effects p. 221
Synthetic Image Creation p. 223
Animation p. 226
Part III Video Recording, Switching, and Editing p. 228
Chapter 10 Video Recording p. 230
Videotape-Recording Systems p. 232
Tape-and Disk-Based Recording Systems p. 232
Basic Videotape Tracks p. 232
Composite, Y/C Component, and RGB Component Systems p. 235
Types of Videotape Recorders p. 237
Time Base Corrector p. 238
Tape Formats p. 239
Videotape-Recording Process p. 240
The "Before" Checklist p. 240
The "During" Checklist p. 243
The "After" Checklist p. 246
Nonlinear Storage Systems p. 247
Computer Disks p. 247
Electronic Still Store System p. 248
Read/Write Optical Discs p. 248
CD-ROMs and DVDs p. 248
Use of Video Recording p. 249
Interactive Video p. 249
Multimedia p. 250
Chapter 11 Switching and Postproduction Editing p. 254
Switching, or Instantaneous Editing p. 256
Basic Switcher Layout p. 256
Multifunction Switchers p. 258
Switcher Operation p. 260
Postproduction Editing p. 265
Linear Editing Systems p. 265
Nonlinear Editing Systems p. 274
Editing Preparations p. 276
Production Tips to Make Postproduction Easier p. 278
Off-line and On-line Editing p. 282
Chapter 12 Editing Principles p. 290
Editing Purpose p. 291
Editing Functions p. 292
Combine p. 292
Condense p. 292
Correct p. 293
Build p. 293
Aesthetic Principles of Continuity Editing p. 294
Mental Map p. 294
Vectors p. 298
On-and Off-screen Positions p. 303
Aesthetic Principles of Complexity Editing p. 309
Intensifying the Event p. 309
Supplying Meaning p. 311
Part IV Talent and the Production Environment p. 316
Chapter 13 Talent, Clothing, and Makeup p. 318
Performing Techniques p. 320
Performer and Camera p. 320
Audio and Lighting p. 322
Timing and Prompting p. 323
Acting Techniques p. 330
Environment and Audience p. 331
Small Screen and Close-ups p. 332
Repeating Action p. 332
Auditions p. 333
Clothing p. 333
Texture and Detail p. 334
Color p. 334
Makeup p. 335
Technical Requirements p. 335
Close-ups p. 335
Materials p. 336
Chapter 14 Production Environment: The Studio p. 340
The Video Production Studio p. 342
Physical Layout p. 342
Major Installations p. 345
The Studio Control Room p. 346
Image Control p. 347
Sound Control p. 351
Master Control p. 352
Studio Support Areas p. 353
Scenery and Property Storage p. 353
Makeup p. 354
Scenery, Properties, and Set Dressings p. 354
Scenery p. 354
Properties p. 358
Set Dressings p. 359
Set Design p. 359
Process Message p. 359
Floor Plan p. 360
Prop List p. 362
Using the Floor Plan for Setup p. 362
Evaluating the Floor Plan p. 363
Chapter 15 Field Production and Synthetic Environments p. 368
Electronic News Gathering p. 370
News Gathering p. 370
Transmission p. 371
Electronic Field Production p. 373
EFP Preproduction: Remote Survey p. 373
Production p. 377
Checklist: Field Production Equipment p. 377
Postproduction: Wrap-up p. 382
Big Remotes p. 383
Synthetic Environments p. 385
Computer-Generated Settings p. 385
Virtual Reality p. 386
Interactive Video p. 386
Epilogue p. 390
Selected Readings p. 391
Glossary p. 395
Index p. 407
Photo Credits p. 414