简介
This book presents a constitutive approach to controversy based on a discourse analysis of news texts, focusing on the role of journalists as participants who shape public controversy for readers. Drawing data from the Reuters Corpus, the project identifies formulas that journalists use in reporting controversy and draws conclusions about how these serve professional and textual functions and how they shape public controversy as a natural, historical, and pragmatic event. While the traditions of dialectic and rhetoric have focused on the prescriptive aim of training participants to resolve controversies in philosophical dialogue or public debate settings, this orientation has tended to preempt questions about where controversy is located and how it is shaped. This project contributes to descriptive, ethnographic research about controversy, using discourse analysis to address a problem in argumentation.
目录
Acknowledgements 5
Contents 7
Chapter 1: Introduction: Where Is Controversy? 9
1.1 The Glen Mills Mystery 14
1.2 The Classical Controversiae 15
1.3 News as a Venue of Public Controversy 22
1.4 A Constitutive Approach to Controversy 24
1.5 Events in News Discourse 25
1.6 News Discourse Data 28
1.7 Chapter Outline 29
Chapter 2: Controversies and Texts 32
2.1 Descriptive and Normative Aims of the Discourse Arts 33
2.2 Journalist as Participant 36
2.3 Supportive, Distortive, and Constitutive Attitudes 37
2.4 Propagatio: The First Draft of History 43
2.5 Controversies and Discourse in Particular 45
Chapter 3: Genres of Controversy: The Philosophical Dialogue and the News Article 47
3.1 Argument Criticism and the Problem of Jurisdiction 48
3.2 The Dialogue Model in the Discourse Arts 49
3.3 Writing Dialogue 57
3.4 Philosophical Dialogue as a Genre 62
3.5 News Discourse and the Discourse Arts 66
3.6 The News Article Genre 68
3.7 The Objectivity Norm in Journalism 71
3.8 News Values 75
3.9 Balance 77
Chapter 4: Controversy as an Event Category 80
4.1 Event Categories 82
4.2 Formulas 84
4.3 Controversy Formulas 85
4.4 Natural Phenomenon 88
4.5 Historical Event 100
4.6 Pragmatic Event 111
4.7 The Busang Case 114
4.8 The Clinton Campaign Financing Case 130
Chapter 5: Reporting Controversy in Constructed Dialogue 143
5.1 Topicalizing Controversy 149
5.2 Narrated Participants 155
5.3 Profiles 159
5.4 Witness Citations 163
5.5 Interlocutor Citations 164
5.6 Address Citations 165
5.7 Irrealis Citations 166
5.8 Profiles in Controversy Stories 166
5.9 Engaged Dialogue Formula: Cargo Air 167
5.10 Irrealis Dialogue Formula: Pope 172
5.11 Antistasis Dialogue Formula: Westwood 176
Chapter 6: Locations of Controversy 180
6.1 The Narrated Event as a Controversy Location 181
6.2 The Reading Situation as a Controversy Location 186
Bibliography 194
Index 203
Contents 7
Chapter 1: Introduction: Where Is Controversy? 9
1.1 The Glen Mills Mystery 14
1.2 The Classical Controversiae 15
1.3 News as a Venue of Public Controversy 22
1.4 A Constitutive Approach to Controversy 24
1.5 Events in News Discourse 25
1.6 News Discourse Data 28
1.7 Chapter Outline 29
Chapter 2: Controversies and Texts 32
2.1 Descriptive and Normative Aims of the Discourse Arts 33
2.2 Journalist as Participant 36
2.3 Supportive, Distortive, and Constitutive Attitudes 37
2.4 Propagatio: The First Draft of History 43
2.5 Controversies and Discourse in Particular 45
Chapter 3: Genres of Controversy: The Philosophical Dialogue and the News Article 47
3.1 Argument Criticism and the Problem of Jurisdiction 48
3.2 The Dialogue Model in the Discourse Arts 49
3.3 Writing Dialogue 57
3.4 Philosophical Dialogue as a Genre 62
3.5 News Discourse and the Discourse Arts 66
3.6 The News Article Genre 68
3.7 The Objectivity Norm in Journalism 71
3.8 News Values 75
3.9 Balance 77
Chapter 4: Controversy as an Event Category 80
4.1 Event Categories 82
4.2 Formulas 84
4.3 Controversy Formulas 85
4.4 Natural Phenomenon 88
4.5 Historical Event 100
4.6 Pragmatic Event 111
4.7 The Busang Case 114
4.8 The Clinton Campaign Financing Case 130
Chapter 5: Reporting Controversy in Constructed Dialogue 143
5.1 Topicalizing Controversy 149
5.2 Narrated Participants 155
5.3 Profiles 159
5.4 Witness Citations 163
5.5 Interlocutor Citations 164
5.6 Address Citations 165
5.7 Irrealis Citations 166
5.8 Profiles in Controversy Stories 166
5.9 Engaged Dialogue Formula: Cargo Air 167
5.10 Irrealis Dialogue Formula: Pope 172
5.11 Antistasis Dialogue Formula: Westwood 176
Chapter 6: Locations of Controversy 180
6.1 The Narrated Event as a Controversy Location 181
6.2 The Reading Situation as a Controversy Location 186
Bibliography 194
Index 203
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