Clinical drug therapy : rationales for nursing practice / 5th ed.

Table Of Contents:
Section I INTRODUCTION TO DRUG THERAPY 1(50)

Introduction to Pharmacology 3(8)

Sources of Drugs 4(1)

Drug Nomenclature 4(1)

Sources of Drug Information 4(1)

Federal Drug Laws and Standards 5(1)

Cellular Physiology 6(1)

Cellular Injury and Response to Injury 7(4)

Basic Concepts and Processes 11(11)

Mechanisms of Drug Movement 12(1)

Pharmacokinetics 12(2)

Pharmacodynamics 14(2)

Variables That Affect Drug Actions 16(4)

Adverse Effects of Drugs 20(1)

Tolerance and Cross-Tolerance 21(1)

Administering Medications 22(14)

Preventing Medication Errors 23(1)

Medication Systems 24(1)

Medication Orders 24(1)

Drug Preparations and Dosage Forms 24(1)

Calculating Drug Dosages 25(2)

Routes of Administration 27(9)

Nursing Process in Drug Therapy 36(15)

Using the Prototype Approach to Study Pharmacology 37(1)

Legal Responsibilities of the Nurse 38(1)

Applying the Nursing Process in Drug Therapy 38(3)

Integrating Nursing Process, Drug Therapy, and Clinical Pathways 41(1)

General Principles of Drug Therapy 41(10)
Section II DRUGS AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 51(156)

Physiology of the Central Nervous System 53(8)

Characteristics and Functions of the CNS 54(6)

Drugs Affecting the CNS 60(1)

Narcotic Analgesics and Narcotic Antagonists 61(17)

Pain 62(1)

Endogenous Analgesia System 63(1)

Narcotic Analgesics 63(1)

Classifications and Individual Drugs 63(4)

Agonists/Antagonists 67(3)

Principles of Therapy 70(8)

Analgesic-Antipyretic-Anti-inflammatory and Related Drugs 78(16)

Description 79(1)

Prostaglandins 79(1)

Mechanism of Action 80(1)

Indications for Use 80(1)

Contraindications for Use 80(1)

Individual Drugs 81(6)

Principles of Therapy 87(7)

Antianxiety and Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs 94(16)

Anxiety 95(1)

Sleep and Insomnia 95(1)

Drugs Used to Treat Anxiety and Insomnia 95(4)

Mechanisms of Action 99(1)

Indications for Use 100(1)

Contraindications for Use 100(2)

Principles of Therapy: Benzodiazepines 102(8)

Antipsychotic Drugs 110(16)

Psychosis 111(1)

Schizophrenia 111(1)

Antipsychotic Drugs 112(1)

Individual Antipsychotic Drugs 113(6)

Principles of Therapy 119(7)

Antidepressants 126(15)

Depression 127(1)

Antidepressant Drugs 128(3)

Individual Antidepressants 131(2)

Principles of Therapy 133(8)

Anticonvulsants 141(13)

Seizure Disorders 142(1)

Anticonvulsant Drugs 142(1)

Individual Anticonvulsant Drugs 143(4)

Principles of Therapy 147(7)

Antiparkinson Drugs 154(9)

Parkinson's Disease 155(1)

Antiparkinson Drugs 155(1)

Individual Antiparkinson Drugs 156(2)

Principles of Therapy 158(5)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 163(6)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 164(2)

Principles of Therapy 166(3)

Anesthetics 169(15)

General Anesthesia 170(1)

Regional Anesthesia 170(1)

Adjuncts to Anesthesia 171(1)

Individual Anesthetic Agents 172(5)

Principles of Therapy 177(7)

Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse 184(16)

Abuse and Dependence 185(1)

CNS Depressants 186(6)

CNS Stimulants 192(2)

Marijuana 194(1)

Hallucinogens 195(1)

Volatile Solvents (Inhalants) 196(1)

Principles of Therapy 197(3)

Central Nervous System Stimulants 200(7)

Uses 201(1)

Types of Stimulants 201(1)

Indications for Use 201(1)

Contraindications for Use 201(1)

Individual CNS Stimulants 201(2)

Principles of Therapy 203(4)
Section III DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 207(52)

Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System 209(5)

The Autonomic Nervous System 210(3)

Characteristics of Autonomic Drugs 213(1)

Adrenergic Drugs 214(12)

Description 215(1)

Individual Adrenergic Drugs 216(4)

Principles of Therapy 220(6)

Antiadrenergic Drugs 226(14)

Description 227(2)

Individual Antiadrenergic Drugs 229(4)

Principles of Therapy 233(7)

Cholinergic Drugs 240(8)

Description 240(1)

Individual Cholinergic Drugs 240(4)

Principles of Therapy 244(4)

Anticholinergic Drugs 248(11)

Description 249(2)

Individual Anticholinergic Drugs 251(2)

Principles of Therapy 253(6)
Section IV DRUGS AFFECTING THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 259(114)

Physiology of the Endocrine System 261(5)

The Endocrine System 262(1)

Endocrine System-Nervous System Interactions 262(1)

General Characteristics of Hormones 262(3)

General Characteristics of Hormonal Drugs 265(1)

Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones 266(9)

Description 267(1)

Therapeutic Limitations 268(1)

Individual Hormonal Agents 268(3)

Principles of Therapy 271(4)

Cortiocosteroids 275(20)

Endogenous Corticosteroids 276(2)

Exogenous Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids) 278(8)

Principles of Therapy 286(9)

Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs 295(13)

Description and Uses 296(1)

Thyroid Disorders 296(3)

Individual Drugs 299(3)

Principles of Therapy 302(6)

Hormones That Regulate Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism 308(14)

Description 309(2)

Hypocalcemia 311(2)

Principles of Therapy: Drugs Used in Hypocalcemia 313(2)

Hypercalcemia 315(3)

Principles of Therapy: Drugs Used in Hypercalcemia 318(4)

Antidiabetic Drugs 322(29)

Endogenous Insulin 323(2)

Diabetes Mellitus 325(3)

Hypoglycemic Drugs 328(8)

Principles of Therapy 336(15)

Estrogens, Progestins, and Oral, Contraceptives 351(14)

Estrogens 352(1)

Progesterone 353(1)

Estrogens and Progestins Used as Drugs 353(1)

Individual Estrogens, Progestins, and Oral Contraceptives 354(5)

Principles of Therapy 359(6)

Androgens and Anabolic Steroids 365(8)

Androgens 366(1)

Anabolic Steroids 366(1)

Testosterone 366(1)

Abuse of Androgenic and Anabolic Steroid Drugs 367(1)

Characteristics of Androgenic and Anabolic Steroid Drugs 367(3)

Principles of Therapy 370(3)
Section V NUTRIENTS, FLUIDS, AND ELECTROLYTES 373(60)

Nutritional Products, Anorexiants, and Digestants 375(17)

Nutritional Products 376(1)

Anorexiants 376(1)

Individual Nutrititional Products for Oral or Tube Feeding 376(6)

Intravenous Fluids 382(1)

Pancreatic Enzymes 383(1)

Principles of Therapy 384(8)

Vitamins 392(16)

Description and Uses 393(10)

Principles of Therapy 403(5)

Minerals and Electrolytes 408(25)

Description and Uses 409(2)

Individual Agents Used in Mineral-Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances 411(12)

Principles of Therapy 423(10)
Section VI DRUGS USED TO TREAT INFECTIONS 433(122)

General Characteristics of Antimicrobial Drugs 435(19)

Microorganisms and Infections 436(5)

Host Defense Mechanisms 441(2)

Characteristics of Anti-infective Drugs 443(3)

Principles of Therapy 446(8)

Beta-Lactam Antibacterials: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Others 454(18)

Description 455(1)

Mechanisms of Action 455(1)

Penicillins 455(8)

Cephalosporins 463(1)

Carbapenems 464(1)

Monobactam 464(1)

Principles of Therapy: Beta-Lactam Antibacterials 465(7)

Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones 472(11)

Aminoglycosides 473(3)

Fluoroquinolones 476(1)

Principles of Therapy: Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones 477(6)

Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides and Urinary Agents 483(12)

Tetracyclines 484(5)

Sulfonamides 489(1)

Urinary Drugs 490(1)

Principles of Therapy: Tetracyclines 491(1)

Principles of Therapy: Sulfonamides and Urinary Antiseptics 491(4)

Macrolides and Miscellaneous Antibacterials 495(11)

Macrolides 496(1)

Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs 497(3)

Principles of Therapy: Macrolides and Miscellaneous Antibacterials 500(6)

Drugs for Tuberculosis and Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Disease 506(12)

Tuberculosis 507(1)

Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis 507(1)

Characteristics of Antitubercular Drugs 508(1)

Individual Antitubercular Drugs 509(2)

Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) Disease 511(1)

Principles of Therapy 512(6)

Antiviral Drugs 518(16)

General Characteristics of Viruses and Viral Infections 519(1)

Antiviral Drugs 519(8)

Principles of Therapy 527(7)

Antifungal Drugs 534(8)

Fungi and Fungal Infections 535(1)

Antifungal Drugs 535(3)

Principles of Therapy 538(4)

Antiparasitics 542(13)

Protozoal Infections 543(1)

Helminthiasis 544(1)

Scabies and Pediculosis 545(1)

Individual Antiparasitic Drugs 545(6)

Principles of Therapy 551(4)
Section VII DRUGS AFFECTING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM 555(58)

Physiology of the Immune System 557(10)

Overview of Body Defence Mechanisms 558(1)

Immunity 558(1)

Immune Cells 559(5)

Patient-Related Factors That Influence Immune Function 564(1)

Immune Disorders 565(1)

Immunotherapy 566(1)

Immunizing Agents 567(18)

Immunization 568(1)

Agents for Active Immunity 568(1)

Agents for Passive Immunity 568(1)

Individual Immunizing Agents 568(12)

Principles of Therapy 580(5)

Immunostimulants 585(11)

Description 586(4)

Individual Immunostimulants 590(1)

Principles of Therapy 591(5)

Immunosuppressants 596(17)

Description 597(1)

Autoimmune Disorders 597(1)

Tissue and Organ Transplantation 597(3)

Corticosteroids 600(1)

Cytotoxic Agents 600(4)

Principles of Therapy 604(9)
Section VIII DRUGS AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 613(36)

Physiology of the Respiratory System 615(3)

The Respiratory System 616(1)

Disorders of the Respiratory System 617(1)

Drug Therapy 617(1)

Bronchodilating and Antiasthmatic Drugs 618(13)

Respiratory Disorders 619(1)

Drug Therapy 619(1)

Individual Bronchodilating and Antiasthmatic Drugs 620(5)

Principles of Therapy 625(6)

Antihistamines 631(9)

Histamine and Its Receptors 632(1)

Antihistamines 632(4)

Principles of Therapy 636(4)

Nasal Decongestants, Antitussives, Mucolytics, and Cold Remedies 640(9)

Description 641(1)

Individual Drugs 642(2)

Principles of Therapy 644(5)
Section IX DRUGS AFFECTING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 649(110)

Physiology of the Cardiovascular System 651(4)

Heart 652(1)

Blood Vessels 652(1)

Blood 653(1)

Drug Therapy in Cardiovascular Disorders 653(2)

Cardiotonic-Inotropic Agents Used in Congestive Heart Failure 655(12)

Congestive Heart Failure 656(1)

Digitalis Preparations 656(4)

Principles of Therapy 660(7)

Antiarrhythmic Drugs 667(17)

Description 668(1)

Cardiac Eletrophysiology 668(1)

Cardiac Arrhythmias 668(3)

Antiarrhythmic Drugs 671(1)

Classifications and Individual Drugs 671(8)

Principles of Therapy 679(5)

Antianginal Drugs 684(11)

Angina Pectoris 685(1)

Antianginal Drugs 685(2)

Individual Antianginal Drugs 687(3)

Principles of Therapy 690(5)

Drugs Used in Hypotension and Shock 695(7)

Hypotension and Shock 696(1)

Antishock Drugs 696(1)

Individual Drugs Used in Hypotension and Shock 696(2)

Principles of Therapy 698(4)

Antihypertensive Drugs 702(19)

Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure 703(1)

Hypertension 703(1)

Antihypertensive Drugs 704(2)

Individual Drugs 706(7)

Principles of Therapy 713(8)

Diuretics 721(13)

Description 722(1)

Renal Physiology 722(3)

Alterations in Renal Function 725(1)

Diuretic Drugs 725(3)

Principles of Therapy 728(6)

Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Thrombolytic Agents 734(14)

Description 735(1)

Blood Coagulation 735(1)

Thrombotic and Thromboembolic Disorders 735(1)

Drugs Used in Thrombotic and Thromboembolic Disorders 736(1)

Individual Drugs 737(4)

Principles of Therapy 741(7)

Antilipemics and Peripheral Vasodilators 748(11)

Antilipemic Drugs and Peripheral Vasodilators 749(1)

Atherosclerosis 749(1)

Blood Lipids 749(2)

Hyperlipidemia 751(1)

Drugs Used to Treat Hyperlipidemia 751(3)

Principles of Therapy 754(5)
Section X DRUGS AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 759(50)

Physiology of the Digestive System 761(4)

The Digestive System 762(1)

Organs of the Digestive System 762(1)

Secretions of the Digestive System 762(2)

Effects of Drugs on the Digestive System 764(1)

Drugs Used in Peptic Ulcer Disease 765(15)

Peptic Ulcer Disease 766(1)

Types of Antiulcer Drugs 766(8)

Principles of Therapy 774(6)

Laxatives and Cathartics 780(9)

Description 781(1)

Defecation 781(1)

Laxatives and Cathartics 781(4)

Principles of Therapy 785(4)

Antidiarrheals 789(11)

Description 790(6)

Principles of Therapy 796(4)

Antiemetics 800(9)

Nausea and Vomiting 801(1)

Antiemetic Drugs 801(4)

Principles of Therapy 805(4)
Section XI DRUGS USED IN SPECIAL CONDITIONS 809(78)

Antineoplastic Drugs 811(24)

Characteristics of Normal Cells 812(1)

Characteristics of Malignant Neoplasms 812(4)

Characteristics of Antineoplastic Drugs 816(2)

Individual Drugs 818(5)

Drugs That Reduce Toxicity of Antineoplastic Drugs 823(4)

Principles of Therapy 827(8)

Drugs Used in Ophthalmic Conditions 835(16)

Structures of the Eye 836(1)

Disorders of the Eye 836(1)

Ophthalmic Drugs 837(1)

Individual Drugs 838(7)

Principles of Therapy 845(6)

Drugs Used in Dermatologic Conditions 851(17)

Functions of the Skin 852(1)

Disorders of the Skin 852(2)

Types of Dermatologic Drugs 854(1)

Individual Drugs 855(8)

Principles of Therapy 863(5)

Drug Use During Pregnancy and Lactation 868(19)

Pregnancy and Lactation 869(1)

Maternal-Placental-Fetal Circulation 869(1)

Drug Effects on the Fetus 870(1)

Fetal Therapeutics 870(1)

Maternal Therapeutics 870(7)

Abortifacients 877(1)

Tocolytics 878(1)

Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery at Term 879(1)

Neonatal Therapeutics 879(1)

Principles of Therapy 880(7)
Appendix A: Miscellaneous Drugs 887(2)
Appendix B: The International System of Units 889(1)
Appendix C: Therapeutic Serum Drug Concentrations for Selected Drugs 890(1)
Appendix D: Canadian Drug Laws and Standards 891(1)
Appendix E: Canadian Drug Names 892(8)
Index 900