Table Of Contents:
Preface v
Acknowledgements ix

Table of Cases xxv

Table of Authorities xxxiii
United States Constitution (Selected Provisions) 1(4)

Table of Supreme Court Justices 5(4)

Chapter 1. The Criminal Process: Failures, Choices, and Legitimacy 9(53)

A. Failures 9(25)

Stories of Scottsboro 9(4)

James Goodman

Powell v. Alabama 13(6)

Notes and Questions 19(4)

Responsibilities of a Criminal Defense Attorney 23(1)

Gerald B. Lefcourt

Notes and Questions 24(1)

Brown v. Mississippi 25(5)

Notes and Questions 30(3)

Notes and Questions 33(1)

B. Seeking Legitimacy in the Fourteenth Amendment 34(15)

The Bill of Rights and the Fourteenth Amendment 35(1)

Akhil Reed Amar

Understanding Criminal Procedure 36(1)

Joshua Dressler

Alan Michaels

Notes and Questions 37(2)

Duncan v. Louisiana 39(7)

Notes and Questions 46(3)

C. The Norms of the Criminal Process 49(8)

Notes and Questions 55(2)

D. Does the Process Protect the Innocent? 57(5)

The Supreme Court on Trial---How the American System of Justice Sacrifices Innocent Defendants 57(2)

George C. Thomas III

Notes and Questions 59(3)

Chapter 2. Fourth Amendment: An Overview 62(22)

A. The Text and its Mysteries 62(1)

B. The Reach of the Fourth Amendment 63(2)

C. The Birth of the Exclusionary Rule 65(19)

Introductory Comment 65(2)

Weeks v. United States 67(2)

Notes and Questions 69(1)

Wolf v. Colorado 70(2)

Notes and Questions 72(1)

Mapp v. Ohio 73(9)

Notes and Questions 82(2)

Chapter 3. Passing the Threshold of the Fourth Amendment 84(57)

A. What is a "Search"? 84(54)

1. General Principles 84(1)

Katz v. United States 84(5)

Notes and Questions 89(3)

2. The Katz Doctrine in Application 92(1)

United States v. White 92(7)

Notes and Questions 99(4)

Smith v. Maryland 103(6)

Notes and Questions 109(6)

"Open Fields," "Curtilages," and Beyond: When Is the Fourth Amendment Implicated? 115(4)

Problem: Open Field or Curtilage? 119(7)

Kyllo v. United States 126(8)

Notes and Questions 134(4)

B. What is a "Seizure"? 138(3)

United States v. Karo 138(1)

Notes and Questions 139(2)

Chapter 4. The Substance of the Fourth Amendment 141(305)

A. Probable Cause 141(30)

Introductory Comment 141(1)

Spinelli v. United States 142(7)

Notes and Questions 149(1)

Illinois v. Gates 150(13)

Notes and Questions 163(8)

B. Arrest Warrants 171(13)

Payton v. New York 171(7)

Notes and Questions 178(6)

C. Search Warrants 184(27)

1. The Constitutioal Debate 184(1)

Introductory Overview 184(2)

Fourth Amendment First Principles 186(2)

Akhil Reed Amar

When the Cure for the Fourth Amendment is Worse Than the Disease 188(3)

Tracey Maclin

Recovering the Original Fourth Amendment 191(2)

Thomas Y. Davies

Notes and Questions 193(2)

2. Elements of a Valid Search Warrant 195(1)

Lo-Ji Sales, Inc. v. New York 195(3)

Notes and Questions 198(1)

3. Execution of a Search Warrant 199(1)

Introductory Note 199(1)

Richards v. Wisconsin 200(5)

Notes and Questions 205(6)

D. Warrant Clause: When Are Warrants Required? 211(133)

Introductory Comment 211(1)

1. Exigent Circumstances 211(1)

Warden v. Hayden 211(2)

Notes and Questions 213(5)

2. Searches Incident to an Arrest 218(1)

a. General Principles 218(1)

Chimel v. California 218(7)

Notes and Questions 225(1)

United States v. Robinson 226(8)

Notes and Questions 234(1)

b. Arrests of Automobile Occupants 235(1)

New York v. Belton 235(5)

Notes and Questions 240(6)

Arizonav. Gant 246(12)

Notes and Questions 258(1)

c. Pretextual Stops and Arrests (Particularly in Automobiles) 258(1)

Introductory Comment 258(1)

Whren v. United States 259(6)

Notes and Questions 265(1)

3. Cars and Containers 266(1)

Chambers v. Maroney 266(4)

Notes and Questions 270(3)

California v. Carney 273(5)

Notes and Questions 278(2)

United States v. Chadwick 280(7)

Notes and Questions 287(3)

California v. Acevedo 290(7)

Notes and Questions 297(1)

4. Plain View (and Touch) Doctrines 298(1)

Horton v. California 298(6)

Notes and Questions 304(1)

Arizona v. Hicks 304(5)

Notes and Questions 309(1)

5. Consent 310(1)

Schneckloth v. Bustamonte 310(7)

Notes and Questions 317(4)

Georgia v. Randolph 321(14)

Notes and Questions 335(1)

Illinois v. Rodriguez 336(6)

Notes and Questions 342(2)

E. Reasonableness Clause: The Diminishing Roles of Warrants and Probable Cause 344(102)

1. The Terry Doctrine 344(1)

a. Terry v. Ohio: The Opinion 344(1)

A Return to Fourth Amendment Basics: Undoing the Mischief of Camara and Terry 344(4)

Scott E. Sundby

Understanding Criminal Procedure 348(1)

Joshua Dressler

Alan C. Michaels

Terry v. Ohio 349(11)

Notes and Questions 360(7)

b. Drawing Lines: "Terry Seizures" versus De Facto Arrests 367(1)

Dunaway v. New York 367(4)

Notes and Questions 371(5)

c. Drawing Lines: Seizure versus Non-Seizure Encounters 376(1)

United States v. Mendenhall 376(6)

Notes and Questions 382(2)

United States v. Drayton 384(7)

Notes and Questions 391(1)

California v. Hodari D 391(4)

Notes and Questions 395(2)

d. "Reasonable Suspicion" 397(1)

Alabama v. White 397(4)

Notes and Questions 401(5)

Illinois v. Wardlow 406(5)

Notes and Questions 411(1)

e. Extending the Terry Doctrine 411(1)

Maryland v. Buie 411(6)

Notes and Questions 417(5)

2. Reasonableness in a "Special Needs" (and Non-Criminal?) Context 422(1)

Introduction 422(2)

Notes and Questions 424(3)

Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz 427(6)

Notes and Questions 433(1)

City of Indianapolis v. Edmond 433(7)

Notes and Questions 440(6)

Chapter 5. Remedies for Fourth Amendment Violations 446(88)

A. Standing 446(22)

The Starting Point 446(1)

Notes and Questions 447(2)

Rakas v. Illinois 449(7)

Notes and Questions 456(3)

Minnesota v. Carter 459(7)

Notes and Questions 466(2)

B. Exclusionary Rule 468(66)

1. The Nature of the Rule 468(1)

Mapp v. Ohio 468(1)

2. Should the Rule Be Abolished? 468(1)

Understanding Criminal Procedure 469(4)

Joshua Dressler

Alan C. Michaels

Notes and Questions 473(3)

3. When the Exclusionary Rule Does Not Apply 476(1)

a. In General 476(1)

b. Faulty Search Warrants Obtained in "Good Faith" 477(1)

United States v. Leon 477(12)

Notes and Questions 489(5)

c. Knock-and-Announce Rule 494(1)

Hudson v. Michigan 494(1)

4. Scope of the Exclusionary Rule 494(1)

a. In General 494(1)

Silverthorne Lumber Company v. United States 494(1)

Notes and Questions 495(1)

b. "Independent Source" and "Inevitable Discovery" Doctrines 496(1)

Murray v. United States 496(4)

Notes and Questions 500(3)

c. "Attenuation" (or "Dissipation of Taint") Doctrine 503(1)

Wong Sunv. United States 503(4)

Notes and Questions 507(2)

5. The Exclusionary Rule: Undergoing Change 509(1)

Hudson v. Michigan 509(14)

Notes and Questions 523(2)

Herring v. United States 525(8)

Notes and Questions 533(1)

Chapter 6. Confessions: The Voluntariness Requirement 534(32)

A. Torture and Confessions 534(9)

Hector (A Slave) v. State 534(1)

Brown v. Mississippi 535(1)

Notes & Questions 535(1)

Torture to Get Information From Suspected Terrorists: A Nasty Business 536(1)

The Truth About Torture: It's Time to Be Honest About Doing Terrible Things 536(4)

Charles Krauthammer

Notes & Questions 540(3)

B. Police Interrogation Without Torture 543(23)

Lisenba v. California 543(8)

Notes and Questions 551(4)

Spano v. New York 555(5)

Notes and Questions 560(6)

Chapter 7. Police Interrogation: The Self-Incrimination Clause 566(130)

A. The Text and the Road to Miranda 566(15)

Chavez v. Martinez 567(5)

Notes and Questions 572(2)

Comment on the Road to Miranda 574(2)

Bram v. United States 576(2)

Notes and Questions 578(3)

B. Miranda Spawns a New Law of Confessions 581(21)

Miranda v. Arizona 581(16)

Notes and Questions 597(4)

Thinking About Miranda: A Lawyer's (and Law Student's) Checklist 601(1)

C. Stormy Seas for Miranda 602(43)

1. The Political Reaction to Miranda: Nixon, George Wallace, and the Omnibus Crime Control Act 602(3)

Notes and Questions 605(1)

2. The Doctrinal Reaction to Miranda: Clarifying Miranda's Status 605(1)

Introductory Comment 605(1)

Notes and Questions 606(1)

New York v. Quarles 607(7)

Notes and Questions 614(2)

Oregon v. Elstad 616(6)

Notes and Questions 622(1)

Dickerson v. United States 623(7)

Notes and Questions 630(1)

Missouri v. Seibert 631(10)

Notes and Questions 641(4)

D. Miranda Custody 645(11)

Oregon v. Mathiason 645(2)

Notes and Questions 647(1)

Berkemer v. McCarty 648(6)

Notes and Questions 654(2)

E. Miranda Interrogation 656(10)

Rhode Island v. Innis 656(7)

Notes and Questions 663(3)

F. Waiver and Invocation of the Miranda Rights 666(19)

North Carolina v. Butler 666(3)

Notes and Questions 669(5)

Edwards v. Arizona 674(4)

Notes and Questions 678(7)

G. A Year on the Killing Streets: The Bitter Fruit of Waiver 685(11)

Homicide, a Year on the Killing Streets 685(7)

David Simon

Notes and Questions 692(4)

Chapter 8. Police Interrogation: The Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel 696(47)

A. Eliciting Statements in the Absence of Counsel 696(7)

Massiah v. United States 696(3)

Notes and Questions 699(3)

Notes and Questions 702(1)

B. Massiah Waiver 703(24)

Brewer v. Williams 703(11)

Notes and Questions 714(2)

Patterson v. Illinois 716(10)

Notes and Questions 726(1)

C. Massiah and Miranda: A Divergence 727(8)

McNeil v. Wisconsin 727(5)

Notes and Questions 732(3)

D. Shedding Light on Massiah's Analytical Core 735(8)

Kansas v. Ventris 735(5)

Notes and Questions 740(3)

Chapter 9. Entrapment 743(17)

Introductory Comment 743(1)

Sherman v. United States 743(5)

Notes and Questions 748(1)

Jacobson v. United States 749(8)

Notes and Questions 757(3)

Chapter 10. Eyewitness Identification Procedures 760(174)

Introduction: The Problem 760(1)

A. Right to Counsel 761(14)

United States v. Wade 761(10)

Notes and Questions 771(4)

B. Due Process of Law 775(159)

Stovall v. Denno 775(1)

Notes and Questions 776(1)

Manson v. Brathwaite 777(8)

Notes and Questions 785(149)

Chapter 14. The Role of Defense Counsel 934(483)

A. The Ethics of Defending "Those" People 935(14)

1. A Case Study: Defending the Defenseless Client 935(4)

Notes and Questions 939(1)

2. Ethics and Duties of Defense Counsel 940(1)

Responsibilities of a Criminal Defense Attorney 940(1)

Gerald B. Lefcourt

Notes and Questions 941(2)

Nix v. Whiteside 943(6)

Notes and Questions 949(1)

B. The Right to Have Appointed Counsel 949(23)

Gideon v. Wainwright 950(4)

Notes and Questions 954(3)

Scott v. Illinois 957(4)

Notes and Questions 961(2)

Douglas v. California 963(4)

Notes and Questions 967(1)

Ross v. Moffitt 968(3)

Notes and Questions 971(1)

C. The Right to Decide Whether to Have Counsel 972(16)

Faretta v. California 973(9)

Notes and Questions 982(3)

Faretta Hell Grapefruits and Judges: Is This What the Faretta Court Had in Mind? 985(2)

Notes and Questions 987(1)

D. The Right to Effective Assistance of Counsel 988(429)

Strickland v. Washington 989(16)

Notes and Questions 1005(3)

The Supreme Court and Defense Counsel: Old Roads, New Paths---A Dead End? 1008(1)

Vivian O. Berger

Lethal Fiction: The Meaning of "Counsel" in the Sixth Amendment 1009(1)

Bruce A. Green

Notes and Questions 1010(407)
Index 1417