产品设计：反求工程和新产品开发技术（影印版）

foreword.

preface

charter 1: journeys in product development

1.1 chapter roadmap

1.2 an introduction to product design

thoughts for the reader and student of product design

product development versus design

types of design adn redesign

what is engineering design?

1.3 modern prduct development

a modern prodrct dvevlopment prcess

a rrverse engineering and redesing product development process

1.4 examples of product development processes

systems :xerox corporation

industrial design:design edge,austin tx product design firm

rapid:microsoft corporation

research intensive:raychem corporation

complex:ford motor company

technical/;raytheno corporation

1.5 theories and methodologies in desgin

.1.6 summary and "golden nrggets"

references

chapter 2:prduct development process tools

2.1 chapter roadmap

2.2 prodrct development teams

the basics of teams

team composition :seeking synergy,unity,competende,and consensus

strategies:team structures

team building(basic activities)

team evaluation

closing:product development teams

2.3 product development planning

plannign process

basic planning and scheduling tools

2.4 sumary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 3: scoping product developments: technical and business

concerns

3.1 chapter roadmap

3.2 determining what to develop

s-curves

s-curves and new product development

comments on s-curves and techmology forecasting

3.3 basic method:mission statement and tenchnical questioning

technical questioning

mission statements

finger nail clipper:clarification and mission statement

3.4 adavced method:business case analysis

harvard business case methodology:product evolution

prduct development economic analysis

3.5 advanced method:design drivers

design drivers

example:finger nail clipper

3.6 summary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 4 : understanding customer needs

4.1 chapter roadmap

4.2 customer satisfaction

voice of the customer

customer populations

types of customer needs

customer need models

4.3 gathering customer needs

need gathering methods

conducting interviews:like/dislike method

conducting interviews:articulated-use method

customer interviews:product feel and industrial design

4.4 organizing and prioritizing customer needs

grouping interpreted needs

grouping the needs--affinity diagram method

determining need importance

customer use patterns

customer needs documentation

4.5 summyary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 5: establishing product function

5.1 chapter roadmap

5.2 why functional decompodition?

motivation

function modeling basics

function and constraints

5.3 modeling process

5.4 a simpld approach:function trees

the fast method

the subtract and operate porcedure

5.5 establishing systeb functionality:creating a function structure

the basics of function structures:black box and definitions

the function structure modeling process

phase1--develop process descriptions as activty diagrams

phase2--formulate subfrnctions though task listing

phase3--agregate subfunctions into a refined function structre

phase4--validate the functional decomposition

phase5--establish the idebtify product architectuer and assemblies

5.6 augmentation:from simple function trees to compsete models

an example of hierarchical functional hierarchical decomposition

bringing flows into the functional hierarchcal decomposition

5.7 aggregation revisited:simplicity of shooting darts

5.8 a functional common basis

the common basis

transforming functional models

uses of a common basis

aggregate function study

5.9 critique of functional modeling megthods

5.10 summary and "golden nuggets"

references

chaper6: product teardown and experimentation

6.1 chapter roadmap

6.2 teardown process

overview

step 1. list the design issues

step 2. prepare for product tear downs

step 3. examine the distrebution and instalation

step 4. disassemble,measure,and analyze data by assemblies

step 5. form a bill of materials

6.3 teardown methods

subtract and operate procedure

sop examples

force flow(energy flow field)diagrams

measurement and experimentation

6.4 post teardown repouting

disassembly plan and bom

exploded views with highlighted features

axtual product function structure(network)

6.5 applications of product teardown

application : slide-out auxiliary visor

case study of an auntomatic iced tea maker

6.6 summary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 7: benchmarding and establishing engineering specifications

7.1 chapter roadmap

7.2 bacdground:know your enemy to know yourself

7.3 a bechmarking approach

step 1: form a list of design issues

step 2: form a list of competitive or related products

step 3: conduct an information search

step 4: teardown multiple products in class

step 5: benchmqrk by function

step 6: establish best in class competitors by function

step 7: plot industry trends

benchmaring example :coffee mills

7.4 support tools for the bebchmarkng process

indented assembly cost analysis

function--form diagrams

trend analysis

proposal on opportunities for re-design

thoughts on bebchmarking the competition

7.5 setting product specifications

specification process

basic method:the house of quality

advancde method:vlaue analysis

7.6 summaua and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 8:product portfolios and portfolio

architecture

8.1 chapter roadmap

8.2 product portfolio architecture

background

portfolio architectur types

8.3 choosing an architecture type

theory

market basis for architecture decisions

8.4 platform architecture

negotiating a modular family platform

basic method:charts

advanced method:functional architecting

advanced method:optimization selection

8.5summary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 9: product architecture

chapter written in collaboration with robert b.stone,university of

missouri

9.1 chapter roadmap

9.2 product architectures

introduction

architecture types

architecture examples

9.3 product modularity:background

types of modularity

9.4 modular design:basic clustering method

step 1: create a function structure of the product

step 2: cluster the elements into module chunks

step 3: create a rough geometric layout(s)

step 4: define interactions and detail performance characteristics

9.5 moeular desingn:an advanced functional method

function dependencies

module heuristics

process:application of the module heuristics

summary

9.6 architecture-based development teams

a method of forming module based development teams

application of module-development teams

summary of the development team method

9.7 summary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 10:generating concepts

10.1 chapter roadmap

10.2 concept generation process ..

10.3 basic methods:information gathering and brainstorming

inrformation gathering:conventional aids

traditional brainstorming

brain-ball

c-sketch/6-3-5 methods

idea generators for intuitive techniques

10.4 advanced methods:directed search

systematic search with physical principles

systematic search with classifying schemes

theory of inventive pronblem solving

10.5 morphological analysis

develop concepts for each product function

10.6 combinig solution principles (comept variants)

digression/caution:function sharing

product application:fingernail clipper

product application:bilge water removal product

product applkcation:smart spoon to assist persons with disabilities

10.7 summary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 11: concept selection

11.1 chapter roadmap

11.2 introcuction

factors that determine effective decision making

design evaluations

information quality

11.3 estimating techmical feasibility

estimation

example:air conditioning for an electric vehicle

estimating hints

11.4 a concept selection process

forming consensus on the criteria

forming consensus on the altermatives

ranking

assessment

attacking the negatives

11.5 a basic method:pugh concept selection charts

establish the crieria and alfternatives

select a datum

ranking and assessment

alternative rank ordering

attacking the negatives

iteration and solution

example:coffee mill

11.6 advanced discussion :measurement theory

set structure of evaluation

ordinal scales

interval scales

ratio scales

exensivesy measurable scales

11.7 advanced method:numerical concept scoring

scoring with interval scales

selection error analysis

concept selection with error analysis:design of a cat litter box

product

11.8 a critique of design evaluqtion schemes

11.9 chapter summary and"golden nuggets"

references

chapter 12: concept embodiment

12.1 chapter roadmap

12.2 overview and context

12.3 basic methods:refining geometry and layout

general process of product embodiment

embodiment checklist

12.4 advanced methodes:systems modeling

systems modeling

mechanical embodiment principles

fmea method:linding fault states to systems modeling

12.5 case study:computer monitor stand for a docking station

summary

12.6 summary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 13: modeling of prduct metrics

13.1 chapter roadmap

13.2 introduction :model selection by performance specfications

model prearation and selection method

product application:model preparation and selection

13.3 mathematical modeling versus physical protortyping

example

13.4 advanced topic: what is a poduct model?

informal models

formal models

13.5 constucting product models: basic method

a basic modeling approach

a product application in constructing basic models :iced tea maker

13.6 constructing product models :advanced method

approach

method

13.7 product models:cases

electric work product

handle temperature

other metrics to integrate a comlete model

comments on deisgn model validation

13.8 summary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 14 :design for manufacture and assembly

14.1 chapter roadmap

14.2 overview and motvation

14.3 basic method:design guidelines

design for assebly

design for piece part production

14.4 advanced method:manrfcturing cost analysis

cost driver modeling

manufacturing cost analysis

14.5 critique of design for assembly methods

14.6 chapter summary and gloden nrggets

references

chapter15:design for the environment

15.1 chapter roadmap

15.2 why dfe?

15.3 environmental objectives

global issues

regional and local issues

15.4 basic dfe methods:design guidesines

application:paper carrier design

15.5 life cycle assessment

overview

basic method:ate&t's environmentally responsible product assessment

weighted sum assessment method

life cycle assessment method

15.6 tegchnioques to reduce environmental impact

design to minimize material usage

design for disassembly

design for recyclability

design for remanufacturing

design for high-impact material reduction

design for energy efficiency

design to rdgulations and standards

15.7 chapter summary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 16 :analytical and numerical model solutions

16.1 chapter roadmap

16.2 overview and strategy

solution definition

pareto optimality

16.3 basic method:spreadsheet search

produt application: spreadsheet search for a toy rocket product

summary

16.4 fundamental concepts in optimization

constraints

objective functions

standard null form

16.5 advancde topic : a discussion of analytical formulations

unconstrained problems

lagrangians

16.6 practical optimization

numerical seach

stopping criteria

sensitivity analysis

global optimality

solution method:matlab

sebsitivtity analysis

global optimality

solution method:matlab

solution method:spreadsheet solvers

16.7 product applications

application:redesign of a tomy"push-n-go"train

application:electric wok product

16.8 summary and "golden nuggets"

references

17 physical prototypes

17.1 chapter roadmap

17.2 prototyping essentials

what are physical models/prtotypes

17.3 types of prototypes

prototypes goals

17.4 uses of prototypes

mock-up materials and processes

prototyping processes

17.5 rapid prototyping techniques

rapid prototyping:a historical prespective

commercial rapid prototyping processes

choosing rapid prototyping for a product?

17.6 scale ,dimensional analysis,and similitude

buckingham ii theorem and scaled testing

buckle design example

17.7 basic method:physical prototype design and planing

gukdelines for prototype design

sample prototype application

17.8 summary and "golden nuggets"

references

chapter 18:physical models and experimentation

18.1 chapter roadmap

18.2 design of experiments

basics of designed experiments

basics method:two factorial experiments

extened method:interactions

a basic product application :redesign of a toy solar car

18.3 design of experiments :reducde tests and fractional experiments

full factorial inefficiencies

orthogonality

base design method

higher dimensions fractional factorial designs

18.4 statistical analysis of experiments

degrees of freedom

correlation coefficient

standard error of the residual

t-test

anova:f-ratio test

other indicators:residual plots

summary:advanced doe method for product testing

18.5 product applications of physical modeling and doe

product application i:nerf™ missilestorm™(norrell,1995)

blender panel display evaluation

coffee grinder experimenatal optimization

18.6 summary and "golden nuaggets"

refrences

19 design for robustness

19.1 chapter roadmap

19.2 quality desdgn theory

general robust design model

robust design model construction

19.3 basic method:taguchiˇs metod

noise variable matrix

design variable matrix

experimental matrix

signal to noise ratios

selection of a target design

parameter design and the tahuchi philosophy

19.4 advanced analysis:probability theory

sizing the variation

general robust design problem formulation

19.5 chapter summary and "golden nuggets"

robust design as a desgin philosophy

golden nuggets

references

appendices

appendix a:function structure definition

a.1 flow definitions

material

energy

signal

a.2 function definitions

channel

support

connect

branch

privide

control magnitude

convert

signal

a.3 function structures for example products

appendix b:doe tables

b.1 base design tables

b.2 l-array tables

appendix c: triz relationship table

appendix d: eco-indicator environment assessment

index...