简介
Among the most prominent of President Bush's "thousand points of light" are volunteers who work with our nation's students. The last several decades show considerable growth in the numbers of school volunteers, with increasing participation by people from the business community, retired citizens, and college students, in addition to the traditionally active mothers of school children.
Yet, we must do more to ensure the success of volunteer programs in schools. It is not enough to assume that any volunteer effort will produce results, nor is it wise to use volunteers simply because they are "free."
This new volume from the National Research Council provides the first overview ever compiled of volunteer activity in U.S. public schools--reporting on how volunteers are being used in schools, what factors make programs successful, what further research will enhance our ability to create good programs, and what directions our national policy should take.
Included in this study of volunteers in public schools are the reports of the committee's site visits to 13 volunteer programs identified as "exemplary" from Boston Partners in Education to "Project Rescue" for dropout prevention in Corsicana, Texas. Each site report describes local economic conditions and their effects on education, the organization and size of the school system, and the volunteer program--with details on how each program functions and what results have been achieved.
This book will be immediately useful to federal, state, and local policymakers, school boards and administrators, principals and teachers, PTA members, business firms involved with schools, and, of course, managers or coordinators of volunteer activities and concerned volunteers.
目录
Volunteers in Public Schools 1
Copyright 2
Acknowledgments 5
Contents 7
1 Introduction 11
2 Development of Organized School Volunteerism in the United States 16
REFERENCE 21
3 School Volunteers: A Statistical Profile 22
INTRODUCTION 22
THE NATIONAL PICTURE 24
THE STATE PICTURE 36
EDUCATION PARTNERSHIPS 38
RECOMMENDATIONS 39
REFERENCES 40
4 Review of Research and Evaluation Literature on School Volunteerism 41
THE RESEARCH 42
Use of Volunteers in Instructional Support Activities 42
Tutoring 42
Other Instructional Support Activities 44
Effects on Students Other Than Academic Achievement 45
Effects of Volunteers on Schools and Classrooms 46
The Problem of Evaluation in Volunteer Programs 47
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50
REFERENCES 51
5 Some Exemplary Volunteer Programs 54
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 56
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 57
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 61
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA 66
CORSICANA, TEXAS 69
DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA 71
DALLAS, TEXAS 75
KINGFIELD, MAINE 78
MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND 82
SAN FERNANDO VALLEY, CALIFORNIA 85
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 88
TULSA, OKLAHOMA 92
WASHINGTON, D.C. 96
SUMMARY 100
6 Factors in School Volunteerism 102
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS 102
Support by Top Policy Levels 103
Organization and Management 103
Involvement of Teachers 105
Recruitment, Training, and Placement of Volunteers 105
Recognition of Volunteers 107
FACTORS INHIBITING THE USE OF VOLUNTEERS IN SCHOOLS 108
OBSERVATIONS ON NATIONAL VOLUNTARY YOUTH SERVICE 110
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 111
7 A Call to Action 113
Conclusions 113
RECOMMENDATIONS 115
Appendix A Data from NCES Schools and Staffing Survey, 1987\u20131988 117
Appendix B Annotated Bibliography 131
Appendix C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff 154
Copyright 2
Acknowledgments 5
Contents 7
1 Introduction 11
2 Development of Organized School Volunteerism in the United States 16
REFERENCE 21
3 School Volunteers: A Statistical Profile 22
INTRODUCTION 22
THE NATIONAL PICTURE 24
THE STATE PICTURE 36
EDUCATION PARTNERSHIPS 38
RECOMMENDATIONS 39
REFERENCES 40
4 Review of Research and Evaluation Literature on School Volunteerism 41
THE RESEARCH 42
Use of Volunteers in Instructional Support Activities 42
Tutoring 42
Other Instructional Support Activities 44
Effects on Students Other Than Academic Achievement 45
Effects of Volunteers on Schools and Classrooms 46
The Problem of Evaluation in Volunteer Programs 47
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50
REFERENCES 51
5 Some Exemplary Volunteer Programs 54
ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 56
BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 57
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 61
CONTRA COSTA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA 66
CORSICANA, TEXAS 69
DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA 71
DALLAS, TEXAS 75
KINGFIELD, MAINE 78
MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND 82
SAN FERNANDO VALLEY, CALIFORNIA 85
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 88
TULSA, OKLAHOMA 92
WASHINGTON, D.C. 96
SUMMARY 100
6 Factors in School Volunteerism 102
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL PROGRAMS 102
Support by Top Policy Levels 103
Organization and Management 103
Involvement of Teachers 105
Recruitment, Training, and Placement of Volunteers 105
Recognition of Volunteers 107
FACTORS INHIBITING THE USE OF VOLUNTEERS IN SCHOOLS 108
OBSERVATIONS ON NATIONAL VOLUNTARY YOUTH SERVICE 110
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 111
7 A Call to Action 113
Conclusions 113
RECOMMENDATIONS 115
Appendix A Data from NCES Schools and Staffing Survey, 1987\u20131988 117
Appendix B Annotated Bibliography 131
Appendix C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff 154
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