简介
The most successful reader of its kind, "A World of Ideas" is ideal for composition instructors who want to introduce their students to some of the world's most important thinkers and their ideas: for example, Niccolo Machiavelli on government, Sigmund Freud on the mind, and Virginia Woolf on feminism. Because students perceive writers such as these as serious and important, they take the writing course more seriously: they learn to read more attentively, think more critically, and write more effectively. But more important, this may be a student's only opportunity to encounter these thinkers. No other composition reader offers a comparable collection of important readings along with the supportive apparatus students need to understand, analyze, and respond to them.
目录
Preface p. iii
To the Student p. xi
Evaluating Ideas: An Introduction to Critical Reading p. 1
Part 1 Government p. 13
Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching Lao-Tzu p. 19
The Qualities of the Prince Niccolo Machiavelli p. 35
The Origin of Civil Society Jean-Jacques Rousseau p. 53
The Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson p. 75
Total Domination Hannah Arendt p. 85
The Separation of Church and State Stephen L. Carter p. 99
Part 2 Justice p. 113
The Defense of Injustice Marcus Tullius Cicero p. 119
Civil Disobedience Henry David Thoreau p. 133
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions Elizabeth Cady Stanton p. 161
Letter from Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King Jr. p. 171
A Theory of Justice John Rawls p. 195
The Central Human Functional Capabilities Martha C. Nussbaum p. 209
Part 3 Education p. 225
Of the Education of Children Michel Eyquem de Montaigne p. 231
On Education Ralph Waldo Emerson p. 247
From Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Frederick Douglass p. 263
The Montessori Method Maria Montessori p. 281
Thinking in Education John Dewey p. 297
The Banking Concept of Education Paulo Freire p. 315
Part 4 Wealth and Poverty p. 335
Of the Natural Progress of Opulence Adam Smith p. 341
The Communist Manifesto Karl Marx p. 353
Social Consequences of Changes in the Value of Money John Maynard Keynes p. 381
The Position of Poverty John Kenneth Galbraith p. 403
Why the Rich Are Getting Richer and the Poor, Poorer Robert B. Reich p. 417
Part 5 Mind p. 437
The Allegory of the Cave Plato p. 443
Discourse Four Rene Descartes p. 457
The Oedipus Complex Sigmund Freud p. 469
The Personal and the Collective Unconscious Carl Jung p. 483
The Psychological Principles of Infant Analysis Melanie Klein p. 499
A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner p. 515
Part 6 Nature p. 535
The Four Idols Francis Bacon p. 541
Natural Selection Charles Darwin p. 559
The Sunless Sea Rachel Carson p. 577
Nonmoral Nature Stephen Jay Gould p. 597
The Mystery of Dark Matter Michio Kaku p. 613
Part 7 Ethics and Morality p. 627
Moses and the Ten Commandments p. 633
The Aim of Man p. 649
The Sermon on the Mount St. Matthew p. 671
The Night Journey p. 683
Morality as Anti-Nature Friedrich Nietzsche p. 697
Morality and Religion Iris Murdoch p. 713
The Ethic of Compassion p. 729
Part 8 Feminism p. 739
Pernicious Effects Which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society Mary Wollstonecarft p. 745
Shakespeare's Sister Virginia Woolf p. 761
Woman: Myth and Reality Simone de Beauvoir p. 781
To the Student p. xi
Evaluating Ideas: An Introduction to Critical Reading p. 1
Part 1 Government p. 13
Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching Lao-Tzu p. 19
The Qualities of the Prince Niccolo Machiavelli p. 35
The Origin of Civil Society Jean-Jacques Rousseau p. 53
The Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson p. 75
Total Domination Hannah Arendt p. 85
The Separation of Church and State Stephen L. Carter p. 99
Part 2 Justice p. 113
The Defense of Injustice Marcus Tullius Cicero p. 119
Civil Disobedience Henry David Thoreau p. 133
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions Elizabeth Cady Stanton p. 161
Letter from Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King Jr. p. 171
A Theory of Justice John Rawls p. 195
The Central Human Functional Capabilities Martha C. Nussbaum p. 209
Part 3 Education p. 225
Of the Education of Children Michel Eyquem de Montaigne p. 231
On Education Ralph Waldo Emerson p. 247
From Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave Frederick Douglass p. 263
The Montessori Method Maria Montessori p. 281
Thinking in Education John Dewey p. 297
The Banking Concept of Education Paulo Freire p. 315
Part 4 Wealth and Poverty p. 335
Of the Natural Progress of Opulence Adam Smith p. 341
The Communist Manifesto Karl Marx p. 353
Social Consequences of Changes in the Value of Money John Maynard Keynes p. 381
The Position of Poverty John Kenneth Galbraith p. 403
Why the Rich Are Getting Richer and the Poor, Poorer Robert B. Reich p. 417
Part 5 Mind p. 437
The Allegory of the Cave Plato p. 443
Discourse Four Rene Descartes p. 457
The Oedipus Complex Sigmund Freud p. 469
The Personal and the Collective Unconscious Carl Jung p. 483
The Psychological Principles of Infant Analysis Melanie Klein p. 499
A Rounded Version: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences Howard Gardner p. 515
Part 6 Nature p. 535
The Four Idols Francis Bacon p. 541
Natural Selection Charles Darwin p. 559
The Sunless Sea Rachel Carson p. 577
Nonmoral Nature Stephen Jay Gould p. 597
The Mystery of Dark Matter Michio Kaku p. 613
Part 7 Ethics and Morality p. 627
Moses and the Ten Commandments p. 633
The Aim of Man p. 649
The Sermon on the Mount St. Matthew p. 671
The Night Journey p. 683
Morality as Anti-Nature Friedrich Nietzsche p. 697
Morality and Religion Iris Murdoch p. 713
The Ethic of Compassion p. 729
Part 8 Feminism p. 739
Pernicious Effects Which Arise from the Unnatural Distinctions Established in Society Mary Wollstonecarft p. 745
Shakespeare's Sister Virginia Woolf p. 761
Woman: Myth and Reality Simone de Beauvoir p. 781
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