简介
Mandeville is the wittiest and shrewdest philosopher ever to make a significant impact upon economics. He anticipated Oscar Wilde in choosing his enemies with great care, and within his own century they included David Hume, Adam Smith, and Francis Hutcheson. He could afford even such enemies because his friends and admirers have been legion.
— George J. Stigler, University of Chicago
It used to be that everyone read the "notorious" Bernard Mandeville (1670–1733). He was a great satirist and came to have a profound impact on economics, ethics, and social philosophy.
The Fablebegins with a poem and continues with a number of essays and dialogues. It is all tied together by the startling and original idea that "private vices" (self-interest) lead to "publick benefits" (the development and operation of society). From that simple beginning, Mandeville saw that orderly social structures (such as law, language, the market, and even the growth of knowledge) were a spontaneous growth developing out of individual human actions.
目录
Table Of Contents:
Prefatory Note vii
Table of Contents xiii
Introduction xvii
Life of Mandeville xvii
Early life in Holland xvii
Career in England xix
Writings xxx
History of the Text xxxiii
Mandeville's Thought xxxviii
The literary aspect xxxviii
Background for the mingling of criteria which produced the paradox of `Private Vices, Publick Benefits': the Deists, Renaissance scepticism, Pierre Bayle xxxix
Analysis of the paradox as embodied in the Fable xlv
Of the two contrary standards simultaneously adopted by Mandeville, which was his genuine attitude? lii
Mandeville's ethics: his apparent pyrrhonism, his basal utilitarianism lvi
Mandeville's psychology: man completely egoistic; the function of pride; human irrationality; the `invention' of virtue lxi
Certain misunderstood economic doctrines: the benefits of waste, his attitude towards charity-schools lxvi
Mandeville and Shaftesbury lxxii
Summary lxxv
The Background lxxvii
International character of the background lxxvii
Background for Mandeville's psychology (French): anti-rationalism lxxviii
anticipations of anti-rationalism lxxxiv
the basal egoism of man lxxxvii
the function of pride in moral action xci
Background for Mandeville's economics (English, French, and Dutch): defence of luxury xciv
the economic phase of Mandeville's paradox xcviii
defence of laissez-faire: general historical factors, literature, Mandeville's special contribution xcviii
Influence of individual predecessors: Bayle, La Rochefoucauld, Gassendi, Erasmus, Hobbes, Locke, Spinoza, &c. ciii
Mandeville's originality cxi
Mandeville's Influence cxiv
Vogue of the Fable cxiv
Literary influence cxviii
Influence on ethical thought: effect of Mandeville's paradox as a stimulus towards utilitarianism-the two groups influenced: the `rigoristic'-Law, Dennis, et al. cxx
and the non-rigoristic-Adam Smith, John Brown, &c. cxxix
effect of Mandeville's pyrrhonism on utilitarian theory cxxxii
effect of his individualism cxxxiii
Influence on economic theory: Adam Smith and the doctrine of `the division of labour' cxxxiv
the defence of luxury cxxxv
laissez-faire and Mandeville's philosophy of individualism cxxxix
Other influence by Mandeville cxlii
THE FABLE OF THE BEES. Part I
The Preface 3(14)
The Grumbling Hive 17(22)
The Introduction 39(2)
An Enquiry into the Origin of Moral Virtue 41(17)
Remarks 58(195)
An Essay on Charity, and Charity-schools 253(70)
A Search into the Nature of Society 323(48)
The Index [Mandeville's] 371(10)
A Vindication of the Book 381
THE FABLE OF THE BEES. Part II
The Preface 3(26)
The First Dialogue 29(33)
The Second Dialogue 62(38)
The Third Dialogue 100(48)
The Fourth Dialogue 148(46)
The Fifth Dialogue 194(72)
The Sixth Dialogue 266(93)
The Index [Mandeville's] 359(59)
APPENDIXES
Mandeville's Family (with Genealogical Table) 380(6)
Description of the Editions 386(15)
Criticisms of the Fable
William Law, Richard Fiddes, John Dennis, George Bluet, Bishop Berkeley, Lord Hervey, Adam Smith, John Brown. Summary 401(17)
A List, Chronologically Arranged, of References to Mandeville's Work 418(37)
Index to Commentary 455
Prefatory Note vii
Table of Contents xiii
Introduction xvii
Life of Mandeville xvii
Early life in Holland xvii
Career in England xix
Writings xxx
History of the Text xxxiii
Mandeville's Thought xxxviii
The literary aspect xxxviii
Background for the mingling of criteria which produced the paradox of `Private Vices, Publick Benefits': the Deists, Renaissance scepticism, Pierre Bayle xxxix
Analysis of the paradox as embodied in the Fable xlv
Of the two contrary standards simultaneously adopted by Mandeville, which was his genuine attitude? lii
Mandeville's ethics: his apparent pyrrhonism, his basal utilitarianism lvi
Mandeville's psychology: man completely egoistic; the function of pride; human irrationality; the `invention' of virtue lxi
Certain misunderstood economic doctrines: the benefits of waste, his attitude towards charity-schools lxvi
Mandeville and Shaftesbury lxxii
Summary lxxv
The Background lxxvii
International character of the background lxxvii
Background for Mandeville's psychology (French): anti-rationalism lxxviii
anticipations of anti-rationalism lxxxiv
the basal egoism of man lxxxvii
the function of pride in moral action xci
Background for Mandeville's economics (English, French, and Dutch): defence of luxury xciv
the economic phase of Mandeville's paradox xcviii
defence of laissez-faire: general historical factors, literature, Mandeville's special contribution xcviii
Influence of individual predecessors: Bayle, La Rochefoucauld, Gassendi, Erasmus, Hobbes, Locke, Spinoza, &c. ciii
Mandeville's originality cxi
Mandeville's Influence cxiv
Vogue of the Fable cxiv
Literary influence cxviii
Influence on ethical thought: effect of Mandeville's paradox as a stimulus towards utilitarianism-the two groups influenced: the `rigoristic'-Law, Dennis, et al. cxx
and the non-rigoristic-Adam Smith, John Brown, &c. cxxix
effect of Mandeville's pyrrhonism on utilitarian theory cxxxii
effect of his individualism cxxxiii
Influence on economic theory: Adam Smith and the doctrine of `the division of labour' cxxxiv
the defence of luxury cxxxv
laissez-faire and Mandeville's philosophy of individualism cxxxix
Other influence by Mandeville cxlii
THE FABLE OF THE BEES. Part I
The Preface 3(14)
The Grumbling Hive 17(22)
The Introduction 39(2)
An Enquiry into the Origin of Moral Virtue 41(17)
Remarks 58(195)
An Essay on Charity, and Charity-schools 253(70)
A Search into the Nature of Society 323(48)
The Index [Mandeville's] 371(10)
A Vindication of the Book 381
THE FABLE OF THE BEES. Part II
The Preface 3(26)
The First Dialogue 29(33)
The Second Dialogue 62(38)
The Third Dialogue 100(48)
The Fourth Dialogue 148(46)
The Fifth Dialogue 194(72)
The Sixth Dialogue 266(93)
The Index [Mandeville's] 359(59)
APPENDIXES
Mandeville's Family (with Genealogical Table) 380(6)
Description of the Editions 386(15)
Criticisms of the Fable
William Law, Richard Fiddes, John Dennis, George Bluet, Bishop Berkeley, Lord Hervey, Adam Smith, John Brown. Summary 401(17)
A List, Chronologically Arranged, of References to Mandeville's Work 418(37)
Index to Commentary 455
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