Series editors' preface p. xiii
Acknowledgements p. xv
How to use this book p. xix
Section A Introduction p. 1
Unit A1 Grammar, grammars and grammaticality p. 4
A1.1 Getting started p. 4
A1.2 Grammatical description p. 5
A1.3 Grammars and grammaticality p. 9
A1.4 Why study grammar in context? p. 14
Summary p. 16
Looking ahead p. 16
Unit A2 Context: some preliminaries p. 17
A2.1 Language and context are related p. 17
A2.2 Context is multifaceted p. 19
A2.3 Context is dynamic p. 23
Summary p. 25
Looking ahead p. 25
Unit A3 The local situational context p. 26
A3.1 Approaches to the study of the relationship between local situation and language p. 26
A3.2 An illustration: the influence of audience on language p. 29
Summary p. 33
Looking ahead p. 33
Unit A4 The wider socio-cultural context p. 34
A4.1 The influence of 'national culture' p. 34
A4.2 The influence of interest and occupational groups p. 36
A4.3 The influence of institutional context p. 42
Summary p. 45
Looking ahead p. 45
Unit A5 Context in approaches to grammar p. 46
A5.1 Formal and functional approaches p. 46
A5.2 Traditional grammar p. 47
A5.3 Generative grammar p. 48
A5.4 Systemic functional grammar p. 50
A5.5 Emergent grammar and pattern grammar p. 51
Summary p. 54
Looking ahead p. 55
Unit A6 Presenting a view of the world through grammatical choices p. 56
A6.1 What is transitivity? p. 56
A6.2 Why is transitivity such an important grammatical resource? p. 58
Summary p. 62
Looking ahead p. 62
Unit A7 Expressing interpersonal relations through grammar p. 63
A7.1 Creating and maintaining relationships p. 63
A7.2 Taking a stance on propositions p. 66
Summary p. 71
Looking ahead p. 71
Unit A8 Standards and varieties p. 72
A8.1 Standard English p. 73
A8.2 Language varieties p. 77
Summary p. 80
Looking ahead p. 80
Unit A9 Corpus approaches to the study of grammar p. 81
A9.1 Corpora in language study p. 81
A9.2 Corpora in the study of grammar in context p. 82
Summary p. 90
Looking ahead p. 90
Section B Extension p. 91
Unit B1 Grammar in conversation p. 94
Grammar and the Spoken language Carter, R. and McCarthy, M. p. 95
The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English Biber, D. et al. p. 101
Negation in English Speech and Writing Tottie, G. p. 106
Unit B2 Grammar in speech in institutional settings p. 109
Power Talk: Language and Interaction in Institutional Discourse Thornborrow, J. p. 110
If you pop over there: a corpus-based study of conditionals in medical discourse Ferguson, G. p. 113
Unit B3 Grammar in written academic contexts p. 118
Some grammatical problems in scientific English Halliday, M.A.K. p. 119
Directives: Argument and engagement in academic writing Hyland, K. p. 123
Informal elements in English in academic writing: threats or opportunities for advanced non-native speakers Chang, Y-Y. and Swales, J. p. 131
Unit B4 Grammar in written communication: literature and electronic language p. 135
Language, Ideology and Point of View Simpson, P. p. 136
Language and the Internet Crystal, D. p. 139
Electronic language: a new variety of English Collot, M. and Belmore, N. p. 143
Unit B5 Grammar in restricted communications p. 151
An Introduction to Sociolinguistics Holmes, J. p. 152
Popping the question: questions and modality in written dating advertisements Marley, C. p. 155
Unit B6 Grammar in developing and disintegrating language p. 160
The development of language as a resource for learning Painter, C. p. 161
Subordination in children's writing Allison, P. et al. p. 165
My recaller is on vacation: discourse analysis of nursing-home residents with dementia Dijkstra, K. et al. p. 171
Unit B7 Grammar in second-language learning p. 173
Two approaches for investigating second language acquisition Ellis, R. and Roberts, C. p. 174
The effect of systematic instruction on learning the English article system Master, P. p. 179
Unit B8 Grammar and gender p. 181
Girl-talk/boy-talk: Sex differences in adolescent speech Eisikovits, E. p. 182
He's like 'Do it now!' and I'm like 'No!' Some innovative quotative usage among young people in London Levey, S. p. 186
Unit B9 Grammar and social class p. 191
Class, codes and control Bernstein, B. p. 192
Extremely interesting, very interesting, or only quite interesting? Adverbs and social class Macaulay, R. p. 197
Unit B10 Grammar in international varieties of English p. 204
A Survey of Modern English Gramley, S. and Patzold, K-M. p. 204
Which way? That way? Variation and ongoing changes in the English relative clause Newbrook, M. p. 210
Section C Exploration p. 213
Unit C1 Exploring grammar in conversation p. 216
Unit C2 Exploring grammar in institutional contexts p. 225
Unit C3 Exploring grammar in academic writing p. 238
Unit C4 Exploring grammar in computer-mediated conversation: instant messaging p. 254
Unit C5 Exploring grammar in 'little texts' p. 263
Unit C6 Exploring grammar in the language of children p. 270
Unit C7 Exploring grammar in second-language learning p. 277
Unit C8 Exploring grammar and gender p. 290
Unit C9 Exploring grammar in varieties of English p. 299
Some final thoughts p. 308
Glossary of grammatical terms p. 309
Further reading p. 316
Notes p. 319