简介
This is the final volume in a trilogy which examines the politics, personalities, economics, culture, and international relations of China from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s. Roderick MacFarquhar is the first to use a multitude of new Chinese sources to answer the question: Why did Chairman Mao Zedong launch the Cultural Revolution which plunged China into chaos and almost destroyed its Communist Party? Volume 3 begins with the great famine of the early 1960s which resulted in tens of millions of deaths, setting in train a series of emergency measures which increasingly divided Mao from his comrades-in-arms. The Chairman's anger that they were prepared to adopt 'capitalist' methods to rescue the country was sharpened by his belief that Moscow was denouncing his revolutionary diplomacy because the Soviet leadership had gone capitalist and sold out to the 'imperialist' West. From 1961 to 1966, the increasingly urgent question for Mao was how to prevent a similar revolutionary deterioration in China. The Cultural Revolution, in which tens of thousands of loyal party veterans were publicly disgraced to make way for a supposedly more leftist generation of Red Guards, was his answer. Ironically, after it all ended with Mao's death, one survivor, Deng Xiaoping, was so appalled at the destructiveness of the Chairman's final cataclysm that he actually did turn to capitalism to revive the country. This volume is the first scholarly work for twenty years to focus on the whole gamut of events - political, economic, intellectual, military, and international - in the years leading up to the Cultural Revolution and makes use of a multitude of Chinese documentary, biographical, and historical works that have only appeared in the last decade.
目录
Preface p. ix
Abbreviations p. xii
Introduction p. 1
1 The 'High Tide' of Socialism p. 15
2 The First 'Leap Forward' is Launched p. 26
3 The Thaw Begins p. 33
4 The Soviet 20th Congress and Chinese Reactions p. 39
5 Mao against the Planners p. 57
6 The Thaw Spreads p. 75
7 The End of the First ' Leap Forward ' p. 86
Appendix 1 Lu Ting-Yi's Interpretation of Mao's Hundred Flowers Policy p. 92
8 The Position of Mao Tse-Tung p. 99
9 The Dispute over Liberalization p. 110
10 The Second Five-Year Plan p. 122
11 The New Central Leadership p. 139
Appendix 2 Cultural Revolutionaries' Attacks on Teng Hsiao-P'Ing's Report p. 149
Appendix 3 The Two ' Fronts ' in the Chinese Leadership p. 152
Appendix 4 Mentions of Mao's Speech p. 157
Appendix 5 Cultural Revolutionaries' Attacks on Liu Shao-Ch'I's Report p. 160
Appendix 6 The Politburo p. 165
12 The Impact of the Hungarian Revolt p. 169
13 A Rectification Campaign is Agreed On p. 177
14 A Mao Analyses Contradictions among the People p. 184
15 The Rectification Campaign is Launched p. 200
16 Blooming and Contending p. 218
Appendix 7 Where Was Liu Shao-Ch'I on 27 February 1957? p. 250
Appendix 8 The Attitudes of Provincial Leaders to Rectification p. 253
17 The Publication of the Contradictions Speech p. 261
18 Mao Linked with the Rightists p. 270
19 Compromise p. 293
Conclusions p. 311
Abbreviations Used in Notes p. 318
Notes p. 321
Bibliographical and Methodological Note p. 407
Bibliography p. 412
Index p. 419
Abbreviations p. xii
Introduction p. 1
1 The 'High Tide' of Socialism p. 15
2 The First 'Leap Forward' is Launched p. 26
3 The Thaw Begins p. 33
4 The Soviet 20th Congress and Chinese Reactions p. 39
5 Mao against the Planners p. 57
6 The Thaw Spreads p. 75
7 The End of the First ' Leap Forward ' p. 86
Appendix 1 Lu Ting-Yi's Interpretation of Mao's Hundred Flowers Policy p. 92
8 The Position of Mao Tse-Tung p. 99
9 The Dispute over Liberalization p. 110
10 The Second Five-Year Plan p. 122
11 The New Central Leadership p. 139
Appendix 2 Cultural Revolutionaries' Attacks on Teng Hsiao-P'Ing's Report p. 149
Appendix 3 The Two ' Fronts ' in the Chinese Leadership p. 152
Appendix 4 Mentions of Mao's Speech p. 157
Appendix 5 Cultural Revolutionaries' Attacks on Liu Shao-Ch'I's Report p. 160
Appendix 6 The Politburo p. 165
12 The Impact of the Hungarian Revolt p. 169
13 A Rectification Campaign is Agreed On p. 177
14 A Mao Analyses Contradictions among the People p. 184
15 The Rectification Campaign is Launched p. 200
16 Blooming and Contending p. 218
Appendix 7 Where Was Liu Shao-Ch'I on 27 February 1957? p. 250
Appendix 8 The Attitudes of Provincial Leaders to Rectification p. 253
17 The Publication of the Contradictions Speech p. 261
18 Mao Linked with the Rightists p. 270
19 Compromise p. 293
Conclusions p. 311
Abbreviations Used in Notes p. 318
Notes p. 321
Bibliographical and Methodological Note p. 407
Bibliography p. 412
Index p. 419
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