Table Of Contents:
Preface xi

Table of Statutes xiii

Table of European Legislation and International Conventions, Directives and Treaties xxxiii
Chronological List of Statutes xxxv

Table of Cases xli

PART I INTRODUCTION

Introduction 3(14)

Government, Law and Justice 3(5)

Characteristics of the Law 8(9)

Constitutional Foundations of the Powers of the Courts 17(22)

The Rule of Law 17(4)

The Sovereignty of Parliament 21(6)

Government Subject to Law 27(3)

The Doctrine of Ultra Vires 30(9)

PART II AUTHORITIES AND FUNCTIONS

The Central Government 39(55)

The Crown and Ministers 39(5)

The Civil Service 44(9)

The Law of Crown Service 53(6)

Some Governmental Functions 59(14)

Complaints Against Administration 73(21)

Local and Devolved Government 94(25)

Local Administration 94(12)

Complaints Against Local Government 106(1)

Police 107(3)

Regional Development Agencies 110(1)

Devolution---Scotland and Wales 111(1)

Scotland 112(4)

Wales 116(3)

Public Corporations, Privatisation and Regulation 119(18)

Public Corporations 119(4)

The Mechanisms of Privatisation and Nationalisation 123(1)

Regulation 124(2)

Some Regulatory Mechanisms 126(6)

Regulation and Judicial Review 132(5)

PART III EUROPEAN INFLUENCES

Incorporation of European Law 137(42)

European Human Rights 137(5)

The Human Rights Act 1998 142(5)

The Human Rights Act 1998 in Operation 147(14)

The European Union 161(18)

PART IV POWERS AND JURISDICTION

Legal Nature of Powers 179(32)

Sources of Power 179(7)

Express Requirements and Conditions 186(7)

Conclusiveness, Mistake and Fraud 193(3)

Power or Duty---Words Permissive or Obligatory 196(3)

Estoppel 199(2)

Waiver and Consent 201(3)

Res Judicata 204(7)

Jurisdiction Over Fact and Law 211(26)

Error Outside Jurisdiction 211(15)

Error on the Face of the Record 226(3)

Findings, Evidence and Jurisdiction 229(7)

Summary of Rules 236(1)

Problems of Invalidity 237(22)

Collateral Proceedings 237(6)

Partial Invalidity 243(3)

Standard and Burden of Proof 246(4)

Invalidity and Voidness 250(9)

PART V DISCRETIONARY POWER

Retention of Discretion 259(27)

Discretionary Power 259(1)

Delegation 259(10)

Surrender, Abdication, Dictation 269(1)

Over-rigid Policies 270(6)

Restriction by Contract or Grant 276(5)

Estoppel-Misleading Advice 281(5)

Abuse of Discretion 286(85)

Discretion Limited by Law 286(1)

The Justification for Review on Substantive Grounds 287(5)

Confusing Terminology 292(1)

The Rule of Reason 293(12)

The Principle of Proportionality 305(10)

The Rule of Reason: Particular Categories 315(13)

Categories of Unreasonableness 328(21)

Mixed Motives 349(3)

Good Faith 352(2)

Subjective Language 354(9)

Statutory Reasonableness 363(8)

PART VI NATURAL JUSTICE

Natural Justice and Legal Justice 371(9)

The Rule Against Bias 380(22)

Judicial and Administrative Impartiality 380(15)

Causes of Prejudice 395(5)

Effects of Prejudice 400(2)

The Right to a Fair Hearing 402(71)

Audi Alteram Partem 402(3)

Administrative Cases 405(3)

Statutory Hearings 408(3)

The Retreat from Natural Justice 411(2)

The Right to Be Heard Reinstated 413(5)

Fair Hearings---General Aspects 418(28)

Legitimate Expectation 446(11)

Fair Hearings---Particular Situations 457(11)

Exceptions 468(5)

PART VII REMEDIES AND LIABILITY

Ordinary Remedies 473(27)

Rights and Remedies 473(1)

Actions for Damages 474(1)

Injunctions 474(6)

Declarations 480(9)

Relator Actions 489(7)

Enforcement of Duties 496(4)

Prerogative Remedies 500(34)

Remedies of Public Law 500(1)

Habeas Corpus 501(8)

The Quashing Order (Certiorari) and the Prohibiting Order (Prohibition) 509(12)

The Mandatory Order 521(13)

Boundaries of Judicial Review 534(15)

Marginal Situations 534(6)

Realms Beyond the Law 540(9)

Procedure of Judicial Review 549(33)

Introduction 549(1)

The Defects of Prerogative Remedies Prior to the Reforms of 1977 549(3)

The Creation of the Application for Judicial Review and Subsequent Developments 552(14)

The Divorce of Public and Private Law 566(16)

Restriction of Remedies 582(53)

The Old Law of Standing 582(7)

The New Law of Standing 589(10)

Discretion, Exhaustion, Implied Exclusion 599(11)

Protective and Preclusive Clauses 610(11)

Exclusive Statutory Remedies 621(10)

Default Powers 631(4)

Liability of Publc Authorities 635(59)

Liability Under European Union Law 635(2)

Liability for Breach of Human Rights 637(5)

Liability in Tort Generally 642(6)

Negligence 648(14)

Strict liability---Rylands v. Fletcher 662(1)

Breach of Statutory Duty 663(5)

Misfeasance in Public Office 668(5)

Statement of General Principles of Liability 673(1)

Immunities and Time Limits 674(3)

Liability in Contract 677(5)

Liability to Make Restitution 682(3)

Liability to Pay Compensation Where There Has Been No Tort or Breach of Contract 685(9)

Crown Proceedings 694(37)

The Crown in Litigation 694(6)

Liability in Tort 700(4)

Liability in Contract 704(4)

Remedies and Procedure 708(4)

Statutes Affecting the Crown 712(2)

Limitations of State Liability 714(3)

Suppression of Evidence in the Public Interest 717(14)

PART VIII ADMINISTRATIVE LEGISLATION AND ADJUDICATION

Delegated Legislation 731(39)

Necessity of Delegated Legislation 731(2)

Scope of Administrative Legislation 733(7)

Legal Forms and Characteristics 740(5)

Judicial Review 745(14)

Publication 759(4)

Preliminary Consultation 763(1)

Parliamentary Supervision 764(6)

Statutory Tribunals 770(31)

The Tribunal System: an Introduction 770(6)

The 2007 Reforms 776(7)

Procedure of Tribunals 783(10)

Appeals on Questions of Law and Discretion 793(8)

Statutory and Other Inquiries 801(30)

The System of Inquiries 801(1)

The Statutory Inquiry Proper 802(4)

Complaints and Reforms 806(3)

Law and Practice Today in Statutory Inquiries 809(15)

Other Inquiry Procedures 824(7)

APPENDIX 1 Lord Diplock's Formal Statement on Judicial Review 831(3)

APPENDIX 2 Catalogue of European Human Rights 834(6)

APPENDIX 3 List of Declarations of Incompatibility 840(8)

APPENDIX 4 Table of Chambers 848(5)

Table of Transferred Functions and Allocations of Functions to Chambers and Procedural Regulations 848(5)

APPENDIX 5 Henry William Rawson Wade 1918-2004 853(18)

APPENDIX 6 Matters that arose or came to light while this book was in the press 871(4)
Index 875