简介
Review
"Professor Blinder is highly respected and is confirmed by his production of a very good book... Blinder's book has a freshness, a modern approach and is very readable."
-Neil R. Kestner, Louisiana State University
"I like the book very much. It is clearly written, in a style that should be appealing to students. The figures are especially good, and well chosen to illustrate important concepts that are often discussed without illustration...I found the explanations in the main text to be excellent...I would strongly recommend the book ."
Doug Doren, University of Delaware
"...This is an excellent book to use to introduce Quantum Mechanics to the desired audience...The organisation and style of the book are such that a student would find it easy to read and follow the physical, chemical and mathematical principles under discussion."
-Jim McTavish, Liverpool John Moores University
"Introduction to Quantum Mechanics is probably suited as a graduate text for students outside chemistry who need to understand quantum mechanics without undertaking a full year of physical chemistry. In addition to mastering the mechanics, lucky readers of this book will explore the fascinating philosophical and metaphysical implications launched into popular culture the word, quantum.
Kevin. M. Dunn, Hampden-Sydney College, VA, USA, JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION, Vol. 82, No. 3, 2005
Book Description
An up-to-date, comprehensive introduction to the principles of quantum mechanics.
目录
Front Cover 1
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 6
Copyright Page 5
Contents 10
Preface 14
About the Author 16
Chapter 1. Atoms and Photons 18
1.1 Atomic and Subatomic Particles 18
1.2 ElectromagneticWaves 20
1.3 Three Failures of Classical Physics 21
1.4 Blackbody Radiation 23
1.5 The Photoelectric Effect 24
1.6 Line Spectra 25
1A. Supplement: Maxwell\u2019s Equations 28
1B. Supplement: The Planck Radiation Law 30
Chapter 2. Waves and Particles 34
2.1 Double-Slit Experiment 34
2.2 Wave-Particle Duality 37
2.3 The Schr枚dinger Equation 41
2.4 Operators and Eigenvalues 43
2.5 The Wavefunction 44
Problems 45
Chapter 3. Quantum Mechanics of Some Simple Systems 48
3.1 The Free Particle 48
3.2 Particle in a Box 49
3.3 Free-Electron Model 54
3.4 Particle in a Three-Dimensional Box 56
Problems 59
Chapter 4. Principles of Quantum Mechanics 62
4.1 Hermitian Operators 62
4.2 Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions 63
4.3 Expectation Values 64
4.4 More on Operators 66
4.5 Postulates of Quantum Mechanics 68
4.6 Dirac Bra-Ket Notation 69
4.7 The Variational Principle 71
4.8 Spectroscopic Transitions 72
4A. Supplement: Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory for Radiative Transitions 74
Problems 76
Chapter 5. The Harmonic Oscillator 78
5.1 Classical Oscillator 78
5.2 Quantum Harmonic Oscillator 80
5.3 Harmonic-Oscillator Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues 82
5.4 Operator Formulation of Harmonic Oscillator 83
5.5 Quantum Theory of Radiation 85
5A. Supplement: Gaussian Integrals 88
5B. Supplement: Special Functions: Hermite Polynomials 90
Problems 92
Chapter 6. Angular Momentum 94
6.1 Particle in a Ring 94
6.2 Free-Electron Model for Aromatic Molecules 96
6.3 Spherical Polar Coordinates 97
6.4 Rotation in Three Dimensions 98
6.5 Theory of Angular Momentum 100
6.6 Electron Spin 101
6.7 Addition of Angular Momenta 102
6A. Supplement: Curvilinear Coordinates 103
6B. Supplement: Legendre Functions and Spherical Harmonics 105
6C. Supplement: Pauli Spin Algebra 107
Chapter 7. The Hydrogen Atom and Atomic Orbitals 110
7.1 Atomic Spectra 110
7.2 The Bohr Atom 111
7.3 Quantum Mechanics of Hydrogenlike Atoms 114
7.4 Hydrogen-Atom Ground State 117
7.5 Atomic Orbitals 119
7.6 p- and d-Orbitals 121
7.7 Summary on Atomic Orbitals 123
7.8 Reduced Mass 124
7A. Supplement: Laguerre Polynomials 127
Problems 129
Chapter 8. The Helium Atom 132
8.1 Experimental Energies 132
8.2 Schr枚dinger Equation and Variational Calculations 133
8.3 Spinorbitals and the Exclusion Principle 135
8.4 Excited States of Helium 136
Problems 138
Chapter 9. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Law 140
9.1 Pauli Exclusion Principle and Slater Determinants 140
9.2 Aufbau Principles 143
9.3 Atomic Configurations and Term Symbols 143
9.4 Periodicity of Atomic Properties 148
9.5 Relativistic Effects 149
9.6 Spiral Form of the Periodic Table 152
9.7 Hartree Self-Consistent Field (SCF) Theory 152
Problems 154
Chapter 10. The Chemical Bond 156
10.1 The Hydrogen Molecule 156
10.2 Valence-Bond Theory 159
10.3 Hybrid Orbitals and Molecular Geometry 160
10.4 Hypervalent Compounds 162
10.5 Valence-Shell Model 163
10.6 Transition Metal Complexes 166
10.7 The Hydrogen Bond 170
10.8 Critique of Valence-Bond Theory 172
Problems 172
Chapter 11. Molecular Orbital Theory I. Diatomic Molecules 174
11.1 The Hydrogen Molecule-Ion 174
11.2 The LCAO Approximation 177
11.3 Molecular Orbital Theory of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules 179
11.4 Variational Computation of Molecular Orbitals 181
11.5 Heteronuclear Molecules 182
11.6 Electronegativity 184
Problems 186
Chapter 12. Molecular Orbital Theory II. Polyatomic Molecules and Solids 188
12.1 H眉ckel Molecular Orbital Theory 188
12.2 Conservation of Orbital Symmetry: Woodward-Hoffmann Rules 192
12.3 Band Theory of Metals and Semiconductors 195
12.4 Computational Chemistry 201
12.5 Density Functional Theory 206
Problems 209
Chapter 13. Molecular Symmetry 212
13.1 The Ammonia Molecule 212
13.2 Mathematical Theory of Groups 214
13.3 Group Theory in Quantum Mechanics 216
13.4 Molecular Orbitals for Ammonia 217
13.5 Selection Rules 219
13.6 The Water Molecule 221
13.7 Walsh Diagrams 222
13.8 Molecular Symmetry Groups 223
13.9 Dipole Moments and Optical Activity 229
13.10 Character Tables 230
Problems 230
Chapter 14. Molecular Spectroscopy 234
14.1 Vibration of Diatomic Molecules 234
14.2 Vibration of Polyatomic Molecules 237
14.3 Rotation of Diatomic Molecules 240
14.4 Rotation-Vibration Spectra 242
14.5 Molecular Parameters from Spectroscopy 243
14.6 Rotation of Polyatomic Molecules 245
14.7 Electronic Excitations 246
14.8 Lasers 250
14.9 Raman Spectroscopy 255
Problems 257
Chapter 15. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 260
15.1 Magnetic Properties of Nuclei 260
15.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 262
15.3 The Chemical Shift 264
15.4 Spin-Spin Coupling 267
15.5 Mechanism for Spin-Spin Interactions 269
15.6 Magnetization and Relaxation Processes 271
15.7 Pulse Techniques and Fourier Transforms 273
15.8 Two-Dimensional NMR 275
15.9 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 277
Problems 278
Chapter 16. Wonders of the Quantum World 282
16.1 The Copenhagen Interpretation 283
16.2 Superposition 283
16.3 Schr枚dinger\u2019s Cat 285
16.4 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Experiment 287
16.5 Bell\u2019s Theorem 289
16.6 Aspect\u2019s Experiment 292
16.7 Multiple Photon Entanglement 294
16.8 Quantum Teleportation 297
16.9 Quantum Computers 298
16.10 Quantum Computing with NMR 301
Problems 303
Suggested References 304
Answers to Problems 308
Index 328
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 6
Copyright Page 5
Contents 10
Preface 14
About the Author 16
Chapter 1. Atoms and Photons 18
1.1 Atomic and Subatomic Particles 18
1.2 ElectromagneticWaves 20
1.3 Three Failures of Classical Physics 21
1.4 Blackbody Radiation 23
1.5 The Photoelectric Effect 24
1.6 Line Spectra 25
1A. Supplement: Maxwell\u2019s Equations 28
1B. Supplement: The Planck Radiation Law 30
Chapter 2. Waves and Particles 34
2.1 Double-Slit Experiment 34
2.2 Wave-Particle Duality 37
2.3 The Schr枚dinger Equation 41
2.4 Operators and Eigenvalues 43
2.5 The Wavefunction 44
Problems 45
Chapter 3. Quantum Mechanics of Some Simple Systems 48
3.1 The Free Particle 48
3.2 Particle in a Box 49
3.3 Free-Electron Model 54
3.4 Particle in a Three-Dimensional Box 56
Problems 59
Chapter 4. Principles of Quantum Mechanics 62
4.1 Hermitian Operators 62
4.2 Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions 63
4.3 Expectation Values 64
4.4 More on Operators 66
4.5 Postulates of Quantum Mechanics 68
4.6 Dirac Bra-Ket Notation 69
4.7 The Variational Principle 71
4.8 Spectroscopic Transitions 72
4A. Supplement: Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory for Radiative Transitions 74
Problems 76
Chapter 5. The Harmonic Oscillator 78
5.1 Classical Oscillator 78
5.2 Quantum Harmonic Oscillator 80
5.3 Harmonic-Oscillator Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues 82
5.4 Operator Formulation of Harmonic Oscillator 83
5.5 Quantum Theory of Radiation 85
5A. Supplement: Gaussian Integrals 88
5B. Supplement: Special Functions: Hermite Polynomials 90
Problems 92
Chapter 6. Angular Momentum 94
6.1 Particle in a Ring 94
6.2 Free-Electron Model for Aromatic Molecules 96
6.3 Spherical Polar Coordinates 97
6.4 Rotation in Three Dimensions 98
6.5 Theory of Angular Momentum 100
6.6 Electron Spin 101
6.7 Addition of Angular Momenta 102
6A. Supplement: Curvilinear Coordinates 103
6B. Supplement: Legendre Functions and Spherical Harmonics 105
6C. Supplement: Pauli Spin Algebra 107
Chapter 7. The Hydrogen Atom and Atomic Orbitals 110
7.1 Atomic Spectra 110
7.2 The Bohr Atom 111
7.3 Quantum Mechanics of Hydrogenlike Atoms 114
7.4 Hydrogen-Atom Ground State 117
7.5 Atomic Orbitals 119
7.6 p- and d-Orbitals 121
7.7 Summary on Atomic Orbitals 123
7.8 Reduced Mass 124
7A. Supplement: Laguerre Polynomials 127
Problems 129
Chapter 8. The Helium Atom 132
8.1 Experimental Energies 132
8.2 Schr枚dinger Equation and Variational Calculations 133
8.3 Spinorbitals and the Exclusion Principle 135
8.4 Excited States of Helium 136
Problems 138
Chapter 9. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Law 140
9.1 Pauli Exclusion Principle and Slater Determinants 140
9.2 Aufbau Principles 143
9.3 Atomic Configurations and Term Symbols 143
9.4 Periodicity of Atomic Properties 148
9.5 Relativistic Effects 149
9.6 Spiral Form of the Periodic Table 152
9.7 Hartree Self-Consistent Field (SCF) Theory 152
Problems 154
Chapter 10. The Chemical Bond 156
10.1 The Hydrogen Molecule 156
10.2 Valence-Bond Theory 159
10.3 Hybrid Orbitals and Molecular Geometry 160
10.4 Hypervalent Compounds 162
10.5 Valence-Shell Model 163
10.6 Transition Metal Complexes 166
10.7 The Hydrogen Bond 170
10.8 Critique of Valence-Bond Theory 172
Problems 172
Chapter 11. Molecular Orbital Theory I. Diatomic Molecules 174
11.1 The Hydrogen Molecule-Ion 174
11.2 The LCAO Approximation 177
11.3 Molecular Orbital Theory of Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules 179
11.4 Variational Computation of Molecular Orbitals 181
11.5 Heteronuclear Molecules 182
11.6 Electronegativity 184
Problems 186
Chapter 12. Molecular Orbital Theory II. Polyatomic Molecules and Solids 188
12.1 H眉ckel Molecular Orbital Theory 188
12.2 Conservation of Orbital Symmetry: Woodward-Hoffmann Rules 192
12.3 Band Theory of Metals and Semiconductors 195
12.4 Computational Chemistry 201
12.5 Density Functional Theory 206
Problems 209
Chapter 13. Molecular Symmetry 212
13.1 The Ammonia Molecule 212
13.2 Mathematical Theory of Groups 214
13.3 Group Theory in Quantum Mechanics 216
13.4 Molecular Orbitals for Ammonia 217
13.5 Selection Rules 219
13.6 The Water Molecule 221
13.7 Walsh Diagrams 222
13.8 Molecular Symmetry Groups 223
13.9 Dipole Moments and Optical Activity 229
13.10 Character Tables 230
Problems 230
Chapter 14. Molecular Spectroscopy 234
14.1 Vibration of Diatomic Molecules 234
14.2 Vibration of Polyatomic Molecules 237
14.3 Rotation of Diatomic Molecules 240
14.4 Rotation-Vibration Spectra 242
14.5 Molecular Parameters from Spectroscopy 243
14.6 Rotation of Polyatomic Molecules 245
14.7 Electronic Excitations 246
14.8 Lasers 250
14.9 Raman Spectroscopy 255
Problems 257
Chapter 15. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 260
15.1 Magnetic Properties of Nuclei 260
15.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 262
15.3 The Chemical Shift 264
15.4 Spin-Spin Coupling 267
15.5 Mechanism for Spin-Spin Interactions 269
15.6 Magnetization and Relaxation Processes 271
15.7 Pulse Techniques and Fourier Transforms 273
15.8 Two-Dimensional NMR 275
15.9 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 277
Problems 278
Chapter 16. Wonders of the Quantum World 282
16.1 The Copenhagen Interpretation 283
16.2 Superposition 283
16.3 Schr枚dinger\u2019s Cat 285
16.4 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Experiment 287
16.5 Bell\u2019s Theorem 289
16.6 Aspect\u2019s Experiment 292
16.7 Multiple Photon Entanglement 294
16.8 Quantum Teleportation 297
16.9 Quantum Computers 298
16.10 Quantum Computing with NMR 301
Problems 303
Suggested References 304
Answers to Problems 308
Index 328
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