To the Instructor p. xi
When Is a Digital Radio Like an Onion?
A Digital Radio p. 3
A Digital Radio p. 3
An Illustrative Design p. 4
The Complete Onion p. 12
The Component Architecture Layer
A Telecommunication System p. 17
Electromagnetic Transmission of Analog Waveforms p. 17
Bandwidth p. 19
Upconversion at the Transmitter p. 20
Frequency Division Multiplexing p. 22
Filters that Remove Frequencies p. 23
Analog Downconversion p. 24
Analog Core of Digital Communication System p. 27
Sampling at the Receiver p. 28
Digital Communications Around an Analog Core p. 30
Pulse Shaping p. 31
Synchronization p. 33
Equalization p. 34
Decisions and Error Measures p. 34
Coding and Decoding p. 36
A Telecommunication System p. 37
For Further Reading p. 37
The Five Elements p. 39
Finding the Spectrum of a Signal p. 40
The First Element: Oscillators p. 43
The Second Element: Linear Filters p. 45
The Third Element: Samplers p. 48
The Fourth Element: Static Nonlinearities p. 51
The Fifth Element: Adaptation p. 53
Summary p. 54
For Further Reading p. 54
The Idealized System Layer
Modelling Corruption p. 59
When Bad Things Happen to Good Signals p. 59
Linear Systems: Linear Filters p. 64
The Delta "Function" p. 65
Convolution in Time: It's What Linear Systems Do p. 70
Convolution Multiplication p. 73
Improving SNR p. 76
For Further Reading p. 79
Analog (De)modulation p. 80
Amplitude Modulation with Large Carrier p. 81
Amplitude Modulation with Suppressed Carrier p. 84
Quadrature Modulation p. 88
Injection to Intermediate Frequency p. 90
For Further Reading p. 92
Sampling with Automatic Gain Control p. 93
Sampling and Aliasing p. 94
Downconversion via Sampling p. 97
Exploring Sampling in MATLAB p. 99
Interpolation and Reconstruction p. 101
Iteration and Optimization p. 105
An Example of Optimization: Polynomial Minimization p. 106
Automatic Gain Control p. 110
Using an AGC to Combat Fading p. 117
Summary p. 118
For Further Reading p. 119
Digital Filtering and The DFT p. 120
Discrete Time and Discrete Frequency p. 120
Practical Filtering p. 131
For Further Reading p. 139
Bits to Symbols to Signals p. 140
Bits to Symbols p. 140
Symbols to Signals p. 143
Correlation p. 145
Receive Filtering: From Signals to Symbols p. 147
Frame Synchronization: From Symbols to Bits p. 149
Stuff Happens p. 152
An Ideal Digital Communication System p. 153
Simulating the Ideal System p. 155
Flat Fading: A Simple Impairment and a Simple Fix p. 163
Other Impairments: More "What Ifs" p. 166
The Adaptive Component Layer
Carrier Recovery p. 177
Phase and Frequency Estimation via an FFT p. 178
Squared Difference Loop p. 182
The Phase Locked Loop p. 186
The Costas Loop p. 190
Decision-Directed Phase Tracking p. 194
Frequency Tracking p. 199
For Further Reading p. 204
Pulse Shaping and Receive Filtering p. 205
Spectrum of the Pulse: Spectrum of the Signal p. 206
Intersymbol Interference p. 208
Eye Diagrams p. 210
Nyquist Pulses p. 215
Matched Filtering p. 219
Matched Transmit and Receive Filters p. 223
Timing Recovery p. 226
The Problem of Timing Recovery p. 227
An Example p. 228
Decision-Directed Timing Recovery p. 231
Timing Recovery via Output Power Maximization p. 237
Two Examples p. 240
For Further Reading p. 243
Linear Equalization p. 244
Multipath Interference p. 245
Trained Least-Squares Linear Equalization p. 247
An Adaptive Approach to Trained Equalization p. 257
Decision-Directed Linear Equalization p. 260
Dispersion-Minimizing Linear Equalization p. 262
Examples and Observations p. 265
For Further Reading p. 272
Coding p. 274
What is Information? p. 275
Redundancy p. 279
Entropy p. 284
Channel Capacity p. 287
Source Coding p. 292
Channel Coding p. 296
Encoding a Compact Disc p. 307
For Further Reading p. 309
The Integration Layer
Mix'n'match Receiver Design p. 313
How the Received Signal Is Constructed p. 313
A Design Methodology for the M[superscript 6] Receiver p. 316
The M[superscript 6] Receiver Design Challenge p. 323
For Further Reading p. 325
Transforms, Identities, and Formulas p. 327
Trigonometric Identities p. 327
Fourier Transforms and Properties p. 328
Energy and Power p. 332
Z-Transforms and Properties p. 333
Integral and Derivative Formulas p. 333
Matrix Algebra p. 334
Simulating Noise p. 336
Envelope of a Bandpass Signal p. 341
Relating the Fourier Transform to the DFT p. 346
The Fourier Transform and Its Inverse p. 346
The DFT and the Fourier Transform p. 347
Power Spectral Density p. 351
Relating Difference Equations to Frequency Response and Intersymbol Interference p. 354
Z-Transforms p. 354
Sketching the Frequency Response from the Z-Transform p. 356
Measuring Intersymbol Interference p. 359
Averages and Averaging p. 363
Averages and Filters p. 363
Derivatives and Filters p. 364
Differentiation Is a Technique, Approximation Is an Art p. 367
Index p. 372