Renewable energy systems : the choice and modeling of 100% renewable solutions /
副标题：无
作 者：Henrik Lund.
分类号：
ISBN：9780123750280
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简介
In this practical guide, globally recognized renewable energy researcher and professor Henrik Lund describes the modeling and simulation techniques that can be utilised to ensure at the outset of any renewable energy project that the resources available will meet supply demands. A clear, comprehensive methodology is set forth for comparing different energy systems' abilities to integrate fluctuating and intermittent renewable energy sources. Dr. Lund offers a freely available accompanying software tool, EnergyPLAN, that automates and simplifies the calculations supporting such detailed comparative analysis. The book further presents concrete design examples derived from a dozen successfully implemented renewable energy systems around the globe. It makes recommendations on the first steps of large-scale integration, focusing on the more immediate issue of conversion, rather than storage technologies.
The text also undertakes the socio-political realities governing the implementation of renewable energy systems. Dr. Lund makes clear that it is the work of professionals in the renewables field to raise awareness that alternatives DO exist and that it is indeed economically and technically viable to choose renewable energy systems. To aid readers in that task, the book presents key strategies on how to overcome the inherent lethargy of entrenched institutions that seek to reinforce the status quo when confronted with objectives implying the need for radical technological change. After all, knowing there IS a choice is half the battle.
Provides an introduction to the technical design of renewable energy systems
Demonstrates effective methodologies for analyzing the feasibility and efficiency of large-scale renewable energy systems to help implementers avoid costly trial and error
Contextualizes renewable energy design efforts by addressing the socio-political challenge of implementing the shift to renewables
Free companion analysis software empowers energy professionals to crunch data for their own projects
Features a dozen extensive case studies from around the globe that provide successful real-world templates for new installations
目录
Acknowledgments p. ix
About the Contributors p. xiii
Abbreviations p. xv
Introduction
Book Contents and Structure p. 3
Definitions p. 5
Choice Awareness p. 5
Radical Technological Change p. 6
Applied and Concrete Economics p. 7
Renewable Energy p. 7
Renewable Energy Systems p. 8
Renewable versus Sustainable p. 9
Sustainable Energy p. 9
Political Reasons for Renewable Energy p. 10
Renewable Energy and Democracy p. 12
Theory: Choice Awareness Theses
Choice and Change p. 13
Choice/No Choice at the Individual Level p. 14
Choice/No Choice at the Societal Level p. 15
Radical Technological Change p. 18
Choice Perception and Elimination p. 20
Choice Perception p. 20
Choice-Eliminating Mechanisms p. 23
The First Choice Awareness Thesis p. 27
Raising Choice Awareness p. 28
The Second Choice Awareness Thesis p. 31
Methodology: Choice Awareness Strategies
Technical Alternatives p. 33
Economic Feasibility Studies p. 37
Public Regulation p. 41
Democratic Infrastructure p. 45
Research Methodology p. 47
Tool: The EnergyPLAN Energy System Analysis Model
Overall Considerations p. 51
Three Implementation Phases p. 53
Different Types of Energy System Analysis Models p. 54
Hourly Simulation Models at the National Level p. 59
The EnergyPLAN Model p. 61
Purpose and Application p. 61
Energy Systems Analysis Structure p. 64
Energy Systems Analysis Methodology p. 66
A Step-by-Step Approach to National Energy Systems Analysis p. 67
Sister Models to EnergyPLAN p. 70
Reflections p. 72
Analysis: Large-Scale Integration of Renewable Energy
The Danish Reference Energy System p. 76
Electrification of Transport Scenario p. 78
Excess Electricity Diagrams p. 79
Optimal Combinations of RES p. 86
Flexible Energy Systems p. 88
Flexible Energy System p. 91
Flexible Energy Systems Including Electricity for Transport p. 92
Different Energy Systems p. 94
Grid Stability p. 97
Local Energy Markets p. 103
Integration of Transport p. 109
Electric Vehicles and V2G p. 112
Electricity Storage Options p. 119
Conclusions p. 122
Principles and Methodologies p. 123
Recommendations p. 124
Analysis: 100 Percent Renewable Energy Systems
The Los Angeles Community College District Case p. 129
The First Approach to Coherent Renewable Energy Systems p. 135
The Danish Society of Engineers' Energy Plan p. 143
Reflections p. 155
Principles and Methodologies p. 155
Conclusions and Recommendations p. 155
Empirical Examples: Choice Awareness Cases
Case I: The Nordkraft Power Station (1982-1983) p. 160
The "No Alternative" Situation p. 161
The Concrete Alternative Proposal p. 163
Conclusions and Reflections p. 166
Case II: The Aalborg Heat Planning (1984-1987) p. 167
The Alternatives in Question p. 168
Choice-Eliminating Strategies p. 170
Conclusions and Reflections p. 171
Case III: The Evaluation of Biogas (1990-1992) p. 173
The Applied Neoclassical Cost-Benefit Analysis p. 174
Feasibility Study Based on Concrete Institutional Economics p. 175
Conclusions and Reflections p. 178
Case IV: The Nordjyllandsvaerk (1991-1994) p. 179
The No Alternative Situation p. 180
The Alternative Proposal p. 182
Discussion of the Alternative p. 185
Conclusions and Reflections p. 186
Case V: The Transmission Line Case (1992-1996) p. 188
Shifting Arguments for the Need p. 189
Security of Supply p. 190
Concrete Technical Alternatives p. 192
Conclusions and Reflections p. 193
Case VI: European EIA procedures (1993-1997) p. 194
Implementation of the EIA Principles in Denmark p. 195
Example 1: The Nordjyllandsvaerk p. 196
Example 2: High-Voltage Transmission Lines p. 199
Example 3: The Avedorevaerk p. 200
Conclusions and Reflections p. 200
Case VII: The German Lausitz Case (1993-1994) p. 202
The Alternative p. 204
Conclusions and Reflections p. 208
Case VIII: The Green Energy Plan (1996) p. 209
The Design of the Concrete Technical Alternative p. 210
Evaluation and Comparisons p. 211
Conclusions and Reflections p. 214
Case IX: The Thai Power Station Case (1999) p. 215
The Hin Krut Power Station in Prachuap Khiri Khan p. 216
Official Economic Objectives for Thailand p. 217
The Design of a Concrete Technical Alternative p. 218
Comparative Feasibility Study p. 219
Conclusions and Reflections p. 221
Case X: The Economic Council Case (2002-2003) p. 223
Missing Capacity Benefits (Unfair Premises) p. 224
Balance of Payment, Employment, and Technological Innovation p. 228
Conclusions and Reflections p. 229
Case XI: The North Carolina Case (2006-2007) p. 231
Resource Assessment and Feasibility Study p. 232
Conclusions and Reflections p. 235
Case XII: The IDA Energy Plan 2030 (2006-2007) p. 236
Conclusions and Reflections p. 239
Summary p. 240
Existing Organizations Initiate Old Technology Proposals p. 240
Objectives of Radical Technological Change is Disregarded p. 241
Alternatives Must Come from Someone Else p. 241
Institutional Change is Essential p. 242
Applied Neoclassical Economics Provide Irrelevant Information p. 243
Concrete Institutional Economics Provides Relevant Information p. 243
Concrete Alternatives Raise Choice Awareness p. 244
Concrete Alternatives Help Identify Institutional Barriers p. 245
Conclusions p. 245
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions p. 247
Choice Awareness p. 247
Renewable Energy Systems p. 250
Recommendations p. 253
100 Percent Renewable Energy Systems p. 254
Large-Scale Integration of Renewable Energy p. 255
The New Coal-Fired Power Station in Germany p. 256
Slowdown in Onshore Wind Power p. 258
Bibliography p. 261
Index p. 269
About the Contributors p. xiii
Abbreviations p. xv
Introduction
Book Contents and Structure p. 3
Definitions p. 5
Choice Awareness p. 5
Radical Technological Change p. 6
Applied and Concrete Economics p. 7
Renewable Energy p. 7
Renewable Energy Systems p. 8
Renewable versus Sustainable p. 9
Sustainable Energy p. 9
Political Reasons for Renewable Energy p. 10
Renewable Energy and Democracy p. 12
Theory: Choice Awareness Theses
Choice and Change p. 13
Choice/No Choice at the Individual Level p. 14
Choice/No Choice at the Societal Level p. 15
Radical Technological Change p. 18
Choice Perception and Elimination p. 20
Choice Perception p. 20
Choice-Eliminating Mechanisms p. 23
The First Choice Awareness Thesis p. 27
Raising Choice Awareness p. 28
The Second Choice Awareness Thesis p. 31
Methodology: Choice Awareness Strategies
Technical Alternatives p. 33
Economic Feasibility Studies p. 37
Public Regulation p. 41
Democratic Infrastructure p. 45
Research Methodology p. 47
Tool: The EnergyPLAN Energy System Analysis Model
Overall Considerations p. 51
Three Implementation Phases p. 53
Different Types of Energy System Analysis Models p. 54
Hourly Simulation Models at the National Level p. 59
The EnergyPLAN Model p. 61
Purpose and Application p. 61
Energy Systems Analysis Structure p. 64
Energy Systems Analysis Methodology p. 66
A Step-by-Step Approach to National Energy Systems Analysis p. 67
Sister Models to EnergyPLAN p. 70
Reflections p. 72
Analysis: Large-Scale Integration of Renewable Energy
The Danish Reference Energy System p. 76
Electrification of Transport Scenario p. 78
Excess Electricity Diagrams p. 79
Optimal Combinations of RES p. 86
Flexible Energy Systems p. 88
Flexible Energy System p. 91
Flexible Energy Systems Including Electricity for Transport p. 92
Different Energy Systems p. 94
Grid Stability p. 97
Local Energy Markets p. 103
Integration of Transport p. 109
Electric Vehicles and V2G p. 112
Electricity Storage Options p. 119
Conclusions p. 122
Principles and Methodologies p. 123
Recommendations p. 124
Analysis: 100 Percent Renewable Energy Systems
The Los Angeles Community College District Case p. 129
The First Approach to Coherent Renewable Energy Systems p. 135
The Danish Society of Engineers' Energy Plan p. 143
Reflections p. 155
Principles and Methodologies p. 155
Conclusions and Recommendations p. 155
Empirical Examples: Choice Awareness Cases
Case I: The Nordkraft Power Station (1982-1983) p. 160
The "No Alternative" Situation p. 161
The Concrete Alternative Proposal p. 163
Conclusions and Reflections p. 166
Case II: The Aalborg Heat Planning (1984-1987) p. 167
The Alternatives in Question p. 168
Choice-Eliminating Strategies p. 170
Conclusions and Reflections p. 171
Case III: The Evaluation of Biogas (1990-1992) p. 173
The Applied Neoclassical Cost-Benefit Analysis p. 174
Feasibility Study Based on Concrete Institutional Economics p. 175
Conclusions and Reflections p. 178
Case IV: The Nordjyllandsvaerk (1991-1994) p. 179
The No Alternative Situation p. 180
The Alternative Proposal p. 182
Discussion of the Alternative p. 185
Conclusions and Reflections p. 186
Case V: The Transmission Line Case (1992-1996) p. 188
Shifting Arguments for the Need p. 189
Security of Supply p. 190
Concrete Technical Alternatives p. 192
Conclusions and Reflections p. 193
Case VI: European EIA procedures (1993-1997) p. 194
Implementation of the EIA Principles in Denmark p. 195
Example 1: The Nordjyllandsvaerk p. 196
Example 2: High-Voltage Transmission Lines p. 199
Example 3: The Avedorevaerk p. 200
Conclusions and Reflections p. 200
Case VII: The German Lausitz Case (1993-1994) p. 202
The Alternative p. 204
Conclusions and Reflections p. 208
Case VIII: The Green Energy Plan (1996) p. 209
The Design of the Concrete Technical Alternative p. 210
Evaluation and Comparisons p. 211
Conclusions and Reflections p. 214
Case IX: The Thai Power Station Case (1999) p. 215
The Hin Krut Power Station in Prachuap Khiri Khan p. 216
Official Economic Objectives for Thailand p. 217
The Design of a Concrete Technical Alternative p. 218
Comparative Feasibility Study p. 219
Conclusions and Reflections p. 221
Case X: The Economic Council Case (2002-2003) p. 223
Missing Capacity Benefits (Unfair Premises) p. 224
Balance of Payment, Employment, and Technological Innovation p. 228
Conclusions and Reflections p. 229
Case XI: The North Carolina Case (2006-2007) p. 231
Resource Assessment and Feasibility Study p. 232
Conclusions and Reflections p. 235
Case XII: The IDA Energy Plan 2030 (2006-2007) p. 236
Conclusions and Reflections p. 239
Summary p. 240
Existing Organizations Initiate Old Technology Proposals p. 240
Objectives of Radical Technological Change is Disregarded p. 241
Alternatives Must Come from Someone Else p. 241
Institutional Change is Essential p. 242
Applied Neoclassical Economics Provide Irrelevant Information p. 243
Concrete Institutional Economics Provides Relevant Information p. 243
Concrete Alternatives Raise Choice Awareness p. 244
Concrete Alternatives Help Identify Institutional Barriers p. 245
Conclusions p. 245
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions p. 247
Choice Awareness p. 247
Renewable Energy Systems p. 250
Recommendations p. 253
100 Percent Renewable Energy Systems p. 254
Large-Scale Integration of Renewable Energy p. 255
The New Coal-Fired Power Station in Germany p. 256
Slowdown in Onshore Wind Power p. 258
Bibliography p. 261
Index p. 269
Renewable energy systems : the choice and modeling of 100% renewable solutions /
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