简介
The first British ambassador to Turkey, then the Ottoman Empire, was sent in 1583 by Queen Elizabeth I and by the Levant Company, which had been granted a monopoly on trade between the two countries. Berridge (international politics, University of Leicester, emeritus) traces all aspects of the embassy from its establishment to 2008 in this interesting study of over three hundred years of international relations. The first part of the book describes different aspects of embassy life from the buildings themselves to their occupants: ambassadors, their families, servants and officials and outlines their evolution over the centuries. The role of the dragomans is the topic of another chapter as well as that of the consuls. Anecdotes about the lives of the British add to the narrative. The first half ends with the early problems in communicating between Britain and Turkey, ending with the excitement of the installation of the telegraph. The second section looks at the role of the embassy in the twentieth century, especially during the transition from empire to nation under Ataturk. The role of the embassy is told from its role in promoting British trade to being a cover for British spies. This is a fascinating story of the vagaries of diplomacy, particularly relevant in the light of the current debate over the admission of Turkey to the European Union. Annotation c2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
目录
List of illustrations p. xi
Preface p. xiii
Acknowledgements p. xv
List of abbreviations p. xvii
Maps p. xix
Illustrations
Introduction p. 1
Evolution
'The English Palace' p. 7
The early embassy p. 8
Home ownership-and its woes p. 12
The difficult birth of the Smith-Barry embassy p. 14
Mixed reviews and another fire p. 18
The embassy 'fleet' p. 22
Diplomats p. 24
The ambassador p. 24
The domestic family p. 36
The official family p. 38
The importance of size p. 46
Dragomans p. 49
Raising the cry for 'natural-born Englishmen' p. 52
Oriental secretary and first dragoman: "two bad public servants instead of one good one" p. 55
The weakening of the dragomanate p. 58
Levantine rearguard p. 64
No career for the dragomans p. 67
Consuls p. 75
Creation of the network p. 75
Trading consuls, and Levantines p. 78
Hornby's Supreme Consular Court p. 81
The founding of the Levant Service p. 84
Political consuls p. 86
The consulate-general: controversy and contraction p. 90
"The step-child of the Foreign Office" p. 93
Communications p. 98
"Ye surest, and most speedy conveyance you can" p. 99
The consequences of poor communications p. 103
Reducing the need for good communications p. 105
Searching for improvements p. 108
"The telegraph frenzy" p. 109
Twentieth Century Role
Introduction to Part B p. 121
Foreigners and Sailors, 1914-24 p. 123
The British Section, 1914-18 p. 123
The British High Commission, 1918-24 p. 128
Reluctantly to Ankara, 1924-38 p. 140
A dragomanate by any other name p. 140
An 'embassy' in spite of everything p. 142
Ankara in spite of everything p. 143
Mosul 1926-"disposing of the Turk" p. 145
Two-centre embassy p. 151
Making bricks without straw p. 156
Political reporting and intelligence gathering p. 159
Losing the monopoly of bilateral agreements p. 163
Embassy at War, 1939-44 p. 168
Negotiating the Anglo-Turkish alliance p. 171
Following up the treaty p. 175
Militarization of the embassy p. 177
Frustrating SOE p. 182
Struggling to coordinate propaganda p. 193
Juggling high-level visitors p. 197
Scripting a spy film: the 'Cicero' affair p. 200
Business as Usual, 1945-74 p. 204
Return to peacetime mode p. 204
NATO, payments, and planes p. 209
A typical medium-sized post p. 217
Cyprus: "the main preoccupation of the Embassy" p. 224
Still juggling high-level visitors p. 233
Business above all? 1974-2008 p. 237
Trouble with trucks p. 240
Still a 'comprehensive post' p. 249
Drugs and immigrants p. 255
Two-centre embassy once more p. 261
Conclusion p. 273
Appendices
British ambassadors to Turkey, 1583-2008 p. 283
Turkish ambassadors to Britain, 1793-2008 p. 287
Royal instructions to Lord Chandos, 29 December 1680 p. 289
British consular posts and consular officers in the Ottoman Empire, 1852 p. 292
Comparative statement of extraordinary expenses of HM Embassy at Constantinople, 1857-69 p. 295
Cumberbatch's letter to Waugh from the US Embassy in Constantinople, March 1915 p. 296
Non-career staff employed at the British Consulate-General, Istanbul, 1946 p. 298
British consuls-general at Istanbul, 1806-2008 p. 300
Anglo-Turkish bilateral agreements (with place of signing) presented to the House of Commons, 1945-2000 p. 302
List of works cited p. 311
Index p. 323
Preface p. xiii
Acknowledgements p. xv
List of abbreviations p. xvii
Maps p. xix
Illustrations
Introduction p. 1
Evolution
'The English Palace' p. 7
The early embassy p. 8
Home ownership-and its woes p. 12
The difficult birth of the Smith-Barry embassy p. 14
Mixed reviews and another fire p. 18
The embassy 'fleet' p. 22
Diplomats p. 24
The ambassador p. 24
The domestic family p. 36
The official family p. 38
The importance of size p. 46
Dragomans p. 49
Raising the cry for 'natural-born Englishmen' p. 52
Oriental secretary and first dragoman: "two bad public servants instead of one good one" p. 55
The weakening of the dragomanate p. 58
Levantine rearguard p. 64
No career for the dragomans p. 67
Consuls p. 75
Creation of the network p. 75
Trading consuls, and Levantines p. 78
Hornby's Supreme Consular Court p. 81
The founding of the Levant Service p. 84
Political consuls p. 86
The consulate-general: controversy and contraction p. 90
"The step-child of the Foreign Office" p. 93
Communications p. 98
"Ye surest, and most speedy conveyance you can" p. 99
The consequences of poor communications p. 103
Reducing the need for good communications p. 105
Searching for improvements p. 108
"The telegraph frenzy" p. 109
Twentieth Century Role
Introduction to Part B p. 121
Foreigners and Sailors, 1914-24 p. 123
The British Section, 1914-18 p. 123
The British High Commission, 1918-24 p. 128
Reluctantly to Ankara, 1924-38 p. 140
A dragomanate by any other name p. 140
An 'embassy' in spite of everything p. 142
Ankara in spite of everything p. 143
Mosul 1926-"disposing of the Turk" p. 145
Two-centre embassy p. 151
Making bricks without straw p. 156
Political reporting and intelligence gathering p. 159
Losing the monopoly of bilateral agreements p. 163
Embassy at War, 1939-44 p. 168
Negotiating the Anglo-Turkish alliance p. 171
Following up the treaty p. 175
Militarization of the embassy p. 177
Frustrating SOE p. 182
Struggling to coordinate propaganda p. 193
Juggling high-level visitors p. 197
Scripting a spy film: the 'Cicero' affair p. 200
Business as Usual, 1945-74 p. 204
Return to peacetime mode p. 204
NATO, payments, and planes p. 209
A typical medium-sized post p. 217
Cyprus: "the main preoccupation of the Embassy" p. 224
Still juggling high-level visitors p. 233
Business above all? 1974-2008 p. 237
Trouble with trucks p. 240
Still a 'comprehensive post' p. 249
Drugs and immigrants p. 255
Two-centre embassy once more p. 261
Conclusion p. 273
Appendices
British ambassadors to Turkey, 1583-2008 p. 283
Turkish ambassadors to Britain, 1793-2008 p. 287
Royal instructions to Lord Chandos, 29 December 1680 p. 289
British consular posts and consular officers in the Ottoman Empire, 1852 p. 292
Comparative statement of extraordinary expenses of HM Embassy at Constantinople, 1857-69 p. 295
Cumberbatch's letter to Waugh from the US Embassy in Constantinople, March 1915 p. 296
Non-career staff employed at the British Consulate-General, Istanbul, 1946 p. 298
British consuls-general at Istanbul, 1806-2008 p. 300
Anglo-Turkish bilateral agreements (with place of signing) presented to the House of Commons, 1945-2000 p. 302
List of works cited p. 311
Index p. 323
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