Grammar checking in a combined model: phrase structure and dependency grammars reconciled
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作 者：贺俊杰著
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ISBN：9787030327048
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简介
grammar checking is an interesting field within computational linguistics. different technologies and methods have been used in this area. to name a few of them, kukich (1992), atwell and elliott (1987),douglas and dale (1992), golding and schabes (1996; kukich, 1992),bustamante and le6n (1996), gojenola and oronoz (2000) have tackled this problem from various points of view with different methodologies. besides these, there are some valuable research projects that are directly aimed at conducting grammar checking on a practical scale. kuenning's ispell and atkinson's aspell, bernth's easyenglish, jensen, heidorn, and richardson's critique, bustamante and le6n's gramcheck and bredenkamp, crysmann, and petrea's flag are examples of these projects.
even though researches on grammar checking can be carried out through deterministic or non-deterministic methods, checking the grammaticality using an appropriate parsing technology is a way that deserves our interest and exertion. in order to build up a robust grammar checking program, we need a robust parsing system, which is reliably accurate and fast. up till now numerous parsers have been developed within different frameworks with different strategies,among which, the link grammar parser, designed by sleator and temperley (1991; lafferty, sleator, & temperley, 1992) is a good candidate to our needs. rather than on a model that requires to examine the basic context of a word within a sentence, the link parser is based on a model that words within a text form "links" with one another. in this respect, the link grammar is theoretically linked with the grammar school of dependency grammar. the fundamental working mechanism of the link parser is that the linking requirement of all the words in the sentence should be satisfied. the importance ofthis mechanism lies in its potentiality of helping determine the grammaticality of sentences. this is a peculiar quality that most other parsing systems lack, whether they are in the statistical framework or in the rule-based framework.
目录
《基于组合模式的语法检查短语结构语法与依存语法之结合(英文版)》
preface
list of abbreviations
chapter 1introduction
1.1topics covered in the book
1.2outline of this book
chapter 2from tagging to scoring
2.1introduction
2.2starting from tagging and parsing
2.2.1tagging
2.2.2parsing
2.3grammar checking
2.3.1researches review
2.3.2projects review
2.4automated essay scoring
2.4.1project essay grade (peg)
2.4.2latent semantic analysis (lsa)
2.4.3electronic essay rater (e-rater)
2.4.4bayesian essay test scoring system (betsy)
2.5summary
.chapter 3dependency grammars
3.1introduction
3.2dependency grammar
3.2.1lucien tesniere
3.2.2post-tesniere development
3.2.3phrase structure grammars vs. dependency grammars
3.2.4link grammar
3.3link grammar: a detailed discussion
3.3.1links
3.3.2basic assumptions
3.3.3dictionary and linking requirements
3.3.4post-processing
3.3.5speed and robustness features
3.3.6the cost system
3.3.7link grammar vs. dependency-related grammars
3.4summary
chapter 4tbl learning
4.1introduction
4.2 tagging
4.3parsing
4.4the comparison algorithm
4.5summary
chapter 5combined model of grammar checking
5.1introduction
5.2combined modeling
5.3link parser revisited
5.3.1suitability for the purpose of grammar checking
5.3.2evaluation of the parser
5.3.3a closer examination
5.3.4problems to be addressed
5.4phrase structure information incorporated
5.5summary
chapter 6algorithm implementation
6.1research questions
6.2objectives of this research
6.3research methodology'.
6.4research design
6.4.1preparing the training corpus
6.4.2training in tbl algorithm
6.4.3applying the knowledge to the post processing stage in link parser
6.4.4evaluating the combined model
6.5grammar checker
6.5.1the interface
6.5.2speed of the grammar checker
6.5.3application of the grammar checker
6.5.4evaluation of the grammar checker
6.6summary
chapter 7evaluating the combined model
7.1introduction
7.2experiment i
7.2.1test set
7.2.2individual sentence observation
7.2.3overall observation
7.3experiment ii
7.3.1test set
7.3.2results and analysis
7.3.3case study
7.3.4linkage-effect relations
7.4summary
chapter 8evaluating the grammar checker
8.1performance of the grammar checker
8.2experiment iii: a comprehensive test
8.3summary
chapter 9application in automated essay scoring
9.1introduction
9.2training of the grammar checker module
9.2.1training set
9.2.2preliminary regression
9.2.3factor analysis
9.2.4final regression
9.3testing the grammar checker module
9.3.1accuracy test
9.3.2discussion
9.4summary
chapter 10remaining issues and future work
10.1error and its judgment
10.2adaptiveness on clec
10.3code-level refinement
appendix acomparison algorithm (in peri code)
appendix bthe rule set learned
appendix cre-ranking in experiment ii
bibliography
index
preface
list of abbreviations
chapter 1introduction
1.1topics covered in the book
1.2outline of this book
chapter 2from tagging to scoring
2.1introduction
2.2starting from tagging and parsing
2.2.1tagging
2.2.2parsing
2.3grammar checking
2.3.1researches review
2.3.2projects review
2.4automated essay scoring
2.4.1project essay grade (peg)
2.4.2latent semantic analysis (lsa)
2.4.3electronic essay rater (e-rater)
2.4.4bayesian essay test scoring system (betsy)
2.5summary
.chapter 3dependency grammars
3.1introduction
3.2dependency grammar
3.2.1lucien tesniere
3.2.2post-tesniere development
3.2.3phrase structure grammars vs. dependency grammars
3.2.4link grammar
3.3link grammar: a detailed discussion
3.3.1links
3.3.2basic assumptions
3.3.3dictionary and linking requirements
3.3.4post-processing
3.3.5speed and robustness features
3.3.6the cost system
3.3.7link grammar vs. dependency-related grammars
3.4summary
chapter 4tbl learning
4.1introduction
4.2 tagging
4.3parsing
4.4the comparison algorithm
4.5summary
chapter 5combined model of grammar checking
5.1introduction
5.2combined modeling
5.3link parser revisited
5.3.1suitability for the purpose of grammar checking
5.3.2evaluation of the parser
5.3.3a closer examination
5.3.4problems to be addressed
5.4phrase structure information incorporated
5.5summary
chapter 6algorithm implementation
6.1research questions
6.2objectives of this research
6.3research methodology'.
6.4research design
6.4.1preparing the training corpus
6.4.2training in tbl algorithm
6.4.3applying the knowledge to the post processing stage in link parser
6.4.4evaluating the combined model
6.5grammar checker
6.5.1the interface
6.5.2speed of the grammar checker
6.5.3application of the grammar checker
6.5.4evaluation of the grammar checker
6.6summary
chapter 7evaluating the combined model
7.1introduction
7.2experiment i
7.2.1test set
7.2.2individual sentence observation
7.2.3overall observation
7.3experiment ii
7.3.1test set
7.3.2results and analysis
7.3.3case study
7.3.4linkage-effect relations
7.4summary
chapter 8evaluating the grammar checker
8.1performance of the grammar checker
8.2experiment iii: a comprehensive test
8.3summary
chapter 9application in automated essay scoring
9.1introduction
9.2training of the grammar checker module
9.2.1training set
9.2.2preliminary regression
9.2.3factor analysis
9.2.4final regression
9.3testing the grammar checker module
9.3.1accuracy test
9.3.2discussion
9.4summary
chapter 10remaining issues and future work
10.1error and its judgment
10.2adaptiveness on clec
10.3code-level refinement
appendix acomparison algorithm (in peri code)
appendix bthe rule set learned
appendix cre-ranking in experiment ii
bibliography
index
Grammar checking in a combined model: phrase structure and dependency grammars reconciled
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