简介
This text has been shaped by the authors' many years of teaching, their strong interest in the historical and philosophical dimensions of science, and their interest in developing a questioning spirit in students. It requires only an introductory calculus-based physics course as pre-requisite and thus can be used in a variety of courses (sophomore through graduate level), for physics students as well as those whose primary interest might be biology, engineering, chemistry, or medicine. The 14 chapters begin with the theory of relativity and continue through configuration of the atom, quantum state of atoms, electron spin, the Pauli exclusion principle, X-rays, and other topics, ending with a chapter on high-energy physics. The original edition was published in 1996 by McGraw-Hill, New York; this edition is identified as "revised" rather than "second," an indication, probably, that changes have been minimal. Yang has been teaching atomic and nuclear physics for over 30 years at Fudan U., Shanghai, China; Hamilton, 40 years at Vanderbilt U. The two authors have extensive research, writing, and teaching credentials, and both have had guest appointments at various universities in Europe and have spent time at each other's primary university. Annotation 漏2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
目录
Preface p. xi
Introduction p. 1
Theory of Relativity p. 9
Special Relativity p. 9
General Relativity p. 30
Four-Vector Notation p. 34
Problems p. 35
The Configuration of the Atom: Rutherford's Model p. 37
The Background p. 37
The Emergence of the Rutherford Model p. 44
Rutherford Scattering Formula p. 48
The Experimental Verification of the Rutherford Formula p. 56
Summary of the Significances and Difficulties of a Nuclear Model p. 60
Central Forces p. 63
Electric Units p. 66
The Derivation of Rutherford's Formula in the Laboratory System p. 67
Problems p. 68
Quantum States of Atoms: The Bohr Model p. 71
Background p. 71
The Bohr Model p. 83
Experimental Evidence I: Spectra p. 90
Experimental Evidence II: Franck-Hertz Experiment p. 98
Extension: Bohr-Sommerfeld Model p. 104
Summary p. 116
Problems p. 117
Fine Structure in Atomic Spectra: Electron Spin p. 120
Magnetic Moment Produced by the Electron Orbital Motion in an Atom p. 121
The Stern-Gerlach Experiment p. 126
The Hypothesis of Electron Spin p. 130
Doublet Lines of Alkali Metals p. 138
The Zeeman Effect p. 145
Summary of the Hydrogen Energy Spectrum p. 161
Summary p. 166
Dipole Moment p. 167
Magnetic Resonance p. 170
Problems p. 182
Atoms Containing Many Electrons: The Pauli Exclusion Principle p. 184
The Spectra and Energy Levels of Helium p. 185
The Coupling of the Two Electrons p. 187
The Pauli Exclusion Principle p. 192
The Periodic Table of the Elements p. 199
Summary p. 215
Problems p. 216
X-Rays p. 219
The Discovery of X-Rays and their Wave Nature p. 219
Mechanisms for Producing X-Rays p. 231
Compton Scattering p. 245
The Absorption of X-Rays p. 255
Summary p. 268
Problems p. 269
Introductory Quantum Mechanics I: Concepts p. 273
The Difficulty of the Bohr Theory p. 276
Wave-Particle Dualism p. 276
Uncertainty Relations p. 289
The Wavefunction and its Statistical Explanation p. 296
Summary p. 312
The Symmetry of the Wavefunction and the Pauli Extension Principle p. 312
Einstein's A and B Coefficients p. 316
Selection Rules for Transitions p. 320
The Principles of Lasers p. 322
Problems p. 328
Introductory Quantum Mechanics II: The Schr枚dinger Equation p. 331
Schr枚dinger Equation p. 331
Average Value and Operator p. 348
The Solution of the Schr枚dinger Equation of the Hydrogen Atom p. 353
Harmonic Oscillator Solution p. 367
Basic Concepts of Nuclear Physics p. 374
The Nucleus of the Atom p. 374
Nuclear Ground State Properties p. 382
Nuclear Ground States Spins and Moments p. 394
Summary p. 399
Problems p. 400
Radioactive Decay p. 402
Radioactive Decay Laws p. 402
Alpha, Proton, Heavy Cluster and Spontaneous Fission Decays p. 417
Beta Decay p. 431
Gamma Decay, Internal Conversion and Pair Production p. 453
Summary p. 472
Theory of Beta Decay p. 473
Problems p. 485
Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Models p. 488
Nuclear Forces p. 488
Nuclear Models p. 494
Toward a Unified Model Description of Nuclei p. 525
Summary p. 556
Problems p. 558
Nuclear Interactions and Reactions p. 560
Introduction to Nuclear Interactions and Reactions p. 560
Reaction Kinematics p. 565
Coulomb Excitation, Compound Nucleus Reactions, and Other Reactions p. 573
Fission and Fusion: Atomic Energy Utilization p. 585
Some Selected Applications of Nuclear Physics p. 604
Summary p. 619
Problems p. 620
Hyperfine Interactions p. 622
Introduction p. 622
Magnetic Dipole Hyperfine Interaction p. 624
Electric Quadrupole Hyperfine Interaction p. 634
Isotope Shift p. 638
Summary p. 646
Problems p. 647
High-Energy Physics p. 649
Toward a Deeper Stratum p. 649
Particle Families and Interactions p. 659
Conservation Rules p. 672
The Quark Model p. 686
Problems p. 704
Ion Beam Analysis p. 707
Table of Isotopes p. 727
The 2006 Recommended Values of the Physical Constants p. 755
Tables of Atomic-Electron Binding Energies and X-Ray Energies and Intensities p. 757
Index p. 775
Introduction p. 1
Theory of Relativity p. 9
Special Relativity p. 9
General Relativity p. 30
Four-Vector Notation p. 34
Problems p. 35
The Configuration of the Atom: Rutherford's Model p. 37
The Background p. 37
The Emergence of the Rutherford Model p. 44
Rutherford Scattering Formula p. 48
The Experimental Verification of the Rutherford Formula p. 56
Summary of the Significances and Difficulties of a Nuclear Model p. 60
Central Forces p. 63
Electric Units p. 66
The Derivation of Rutherford's Formula in the Laboratory System p. 67
Problems p. 68
Quantum States of Atoms: The Bohr Model p. 71
Background p. 71
The Bohr Model p. 83
Experimental Evidence I: Spectra p. 90
Experimental Evidence II: Franck-Hertz Experiment p. 98
Extension: Bohr-Sommerfeld Model p. 104
Summary p. 116
Problems p. 117
Fine Structure in Atomic Spectra: Electron Spin p. 120
Magnetic Moment Produced by the Electron Orbital Motion in an Atom p. 121
The Stern-Gerlach Experiment p. 126
The Hypothesis of Electron Spin p. 130
Doublet Lines of Alkali Metals p. 138
The Zeeman Effect p. 145
Summary of the Hydrogen Energy Spectrum p. 161
Summary p. 166
Dipole Moment p. 167
Magnetic Resonance p. 170
Problems p. 182
Atoms Containing Many Electrons: The Pauli Exclusion Principle p. 184
The Spectra and Energy Levels of Helium p. 185
The Coupling of the Two Electrons p. 187
The Pauli Exclusion Principle p. 192
The Periodic Table of the Elements p. 199
Summary p. 215
Problems p. 216
X-Rays p. 219
The Discovery of X-Rays and their Wave Nature p. 219
Mechanisms for Producing X-Rays p. 231
Compton Scattering p. 245
The Absorption of X-Rays p. 255
Summary p. 268
Problems p. 269
Introductory Quantum Mechanics I: Concepts p. 273
The Difficulty of the Bohr Theory p. 276
Wave-Particle Dualism p. 276
Uncertainty Relations p. 289
The Wavefunction and its Statistical Explanation p. 296
Summary p. 312
The Symmetry of the Wavefunction and the Pauli Extension Principle p. 312
Einstein's A and B Coefficients p. 316
Selection Rules for Transitions p. 320
The Principles of Lasers p. 322
Problems p. 328
Introductory Quantum Mechanics II: The Schr枚dinger Equation p. 331
Schr枚dinger Equation p. 331
Average Value and Operator p. 348
The Solution of the Schr枚dinger Equation of the Hydrogen Atom p. 353
Harmonic Oscillator Solution p. 367
Basic Concepts of Nuclear Physics p. 374
The Nucleus of the Atom p. 374
Nuclear Ground State Properties p. 382
Nuclear Ground States Spins and Moments p. 394
Summary p. 399
Problems p. 400
Radioactive Decay p. 402
Radioactive Decay Laws p. 402
Alpha, Proton, Heavy Cluster and Spontaneous Fission Decays p. 417
Beta Decay p. 431
Gamma Decay, Internal Conversion and Pair Production p. 453
Summary p. 472
Theory of Beta Decay p. 473
Problems p. 485
Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Models p. 488
Nuclear Forces p. 488
Nuclear Models p. 494
Toward a Unified Model Description of Nuclei p. 525
Summary p. 556
Problems p. 558
Nuclear Interactions and Reactions p. 560
Introduction to Nuclear Interactions and Reactions p. 560
Reaction Kinematics p. 565
Coulomb Excitation, Compound Nucleus Reactions, and Other Reactions p. 573
Fission and Fusion: Atomic Energy Utilization p. 585
Some Selected Applications of Nuclear Physics p. 604
Summary p. 619
Problems p. 620
Hyperfine Interactions p. 622
Introduction p. 622
Magnetic Dipole Hyperfine Interaction p. 624
Electric Quadrupole Hyperfine Interaction p. 634
Isotope Shift p. 638
Summary p. 646
Problems p. 647
High-Energy Physics p. 649
Toward a Deeper Stratum p. 649
Particle Families and Interactions p. 659
Conservation Rules p. 672
The Quark Model p. 686
Problems p. 704
Ion Beam Analysis p. 707
Table of Isotopes p. 727
The 2006 Recommended Values of the Physical Constants p. 755
Tables of Atomic-Electron Binding Energies and X-Ray Energies and Intensities p. 757
Index p. 775
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