Table Of Contents:
Acknowledgements xxxi

List of Contributors xxxiii

Table of Abbreviations lxiii
Foreword lxvii

Part I The Foundations 1(142)

Chapter 1 An Introduction to Sustainable Development in World Investment Law 3(10)

Markus Gehring

Andrew Newcombe

1 Sustainable Development as a Global Objective 3(3)

2 The Concept of Sustainable Development and Its Meaning in International Law 6(3)

3 International Investment Law as An Instrument for Sustainable Development 9(4)

Chapter 2 International Investment Law and Development 13(20)

Anna Joubin-Bret

Marie-Estelle Rey

Jorg Weber

Preface 13(2)

James Zhan

1 Introduction 15(2)

2 Trends 17(2)

2.1 Numerical Trends 17(1)

2.2 Trends in Complexity 17(2)

3 Salient Features 19(1)

4 Key Emerging Issues 20(2)

4.1 Protection of Strategic Industries 20(1)

4.2 Economic Crisis 21(1)

4.3 Emerging Economies as Outward Investors 21(1)

5 Benefits and Challenges of International Investment Rulemaking 22(3)

5.1 Benefits 24(1)

5.2 Challenges 24(1)

6 UNCTAD's Work Programme on IIAs 25(6)

6.1 Intergovernmental Consensus Building 26(1)

6.2 Research and Policy Analysis 26(2)

6.3 Technical Cooperation and Capacity Building 28(1)

6.3.1 Regional Training Activities 29(1)

6.3.2 Ad Hoc Technical Assistance 29(1)

6.3.3 Co-organization and Participation in Specific Conferences and Seminars 30(1)

7 Conclusion 31(2)

Chapter 3 International Investment Law and the Environment 33(20)

Asa Romson

Preface 33(4)

Ole Kristian Fauchald

1 Introduction 37(1)

2 Environmental Standards 38(5)

2.1 Dealing with Change 39(3)

2.2 `Who Should Pay' 42(1)

2.3 Dealing with Risks 42(1)

3 Environmental Policy Mix 43(3)

3.1 Least Harmful Measure? 44(1)

3.2 Can Origin-Neutral Measures to Investments Discriminate? 45(1)

4 Decentralized Environmental Procedures 46(2)

5 International Rules on Eco-friendly Investments 48(3)

5.1 Multilateral Environmental Agreements Supporting Investments 48(2)

5.2 International Financial Rules Setting a Bottom Line 50(1)

6 Concluding Remarks 51(2)

Chapter 4 International Investment Law and Human Rights 53(28)

Jorge Daniel Taillant

Jonathan Bonnitcha

Preface 53(4)

Ashfaq Khalfan

1 Introduction 57(4)

2 The Legal Framework Governing Foreign Investment 61(9)

2.1 Investment Contracts 62(3)

2.2 Bilateral Investment Treaties and Stakeholder Rights 65(3)

2.3 Compulsory Investor-State Arbitration 68(2)

3 The Legal Frameworks that Protect Human Rights 70(5)

3.1 The Relationship between the State and the Individual 70(2)

3.2 The Relationship between the State and the Foreign Investor 72(1)

3.3 The Relationship between the Individual and the Foreign Investor 73(1)

3.4 Human Rights Protection in Voluntary Codes, International Finance Institution Social Safeguards, and Other Soft Law Instruments 74(1)

4 The Tension between International Investment Law and Human Rights 75(4)

5 Conclusions 79(2)

Chapter 5 The Theory of Norm Conflict Solutions in International Investment Law 81(18)

Jorg Kammerhofer

Preface 81(2)

Martti Koskenniemi

1 Introduction 83(1)

2 The Possibilities of Norm Conflict in Investment Law 84(3)

3 Norm-Conflict Solutions in Theory and Practice 87(11)

3.1 Pragmatic Solutions Offered in International Investment Practice 87(4)

3.2 Theoretical Solutions Offered by Generalist Scholarship 91(1)

3.2.1 The Lex Specialis Maxim 91(2)

3.2.2 The Lex Posterior Maxim 93(4)

3.2.3 References in International Investment Agreements 97(1)

4 Conclusion 98(1)

Chapter 6 An Integrated Agenda for Sustainable Development in International Investment Law 99(44)

Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger

Andrew Newcombe

Preface 99(2)

Vaughan Lowe

1 Introduction 101(3)

2 Sustainable Development in International Policy and Law 104(7)

3 The Investment Treaty Landscape 111(3)

4 Investment Treaties and the New Delhi Principles 114(11)

4.1 The Duty of States to Ensure Sustainable Use of Natural Resources 115(1)

4.2 The Principle of Equity and the Eradication of Poverty 116(2)

4.3 The Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities 118(2)

4.4 The Principle of the Precautionary Approach to Human Health, Natural Resources and Ecosystems 120(1)

4.5 The Principle of Public Participation and Access to Information and Justice 121(1)

4.6 The Principle of Good Governance 122(2)

4.7 The Principle of Integration and Interrelationship, in Particular in Relation to Human Rights and Social, Economic and Environmental Objectives 124(1)

5 Sustainable Development-Related Provisions in IIAs 125(16)

5.1 Exceptions, Reservations and Rules of Relationship 126(6)

5.2 Provisions to Establish Complementary Social or Environmental Cooperation 132(7)

5.3 Stimulating More Sustainable Investment through IIAs Themselves 139(2)

6 Sustainability Changes in the Process of IIA Rule-Making and Arbitration 141(1)

7 Future Directions for the Sustainable Investment Law Agenda 142(1)

Part II Sustainable Development in International Investment Law 143(1)

Section 1 Procedural Innovations for Sustainable Development in International Investment Law 143(66)

Chapter 7 Impact Assessments of Investment Treaties 145(26)

Markus W. Gehring

Preface 145(4)

Karl P. Sauvant

1 Introduction 149(1)

2 The Growing Role of Impact Assessment Globally 150(3)

3 Impact Assessments of Trade Agreements 153(15)

3.1 Impact Assessment of Investment Chapters of FTAs 156(1)

3.1.1 Canada 156(3)

3.1.2 The United States 159(5)

3.1.3 The European Union 164(3)

3.2 Impact Assessment of Investment Treaties 167(1)

3.2.1 Canada's Environmental Assessments of FIPAs 167(1)

3.2.2 The EU's Future Approaches to SIAs of International Investment Agreements 167(1)

4 Practical Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation 168(3)

Chapter 8 Bringing Sustainable Development Issues before Investment Treaty Tribunals 171(18)

Chester Brown

Preface 171(4)

Campbell McLachlan

1 Introduction 175(3)

2 Placing Sustainable Development Issues on the Record 178(7)

2.1 Invoking Express Provisions in the Treaty 178(2)

2.2 Invoking Express Provisions in the Applicable Procedural Rules 180(1)

2.3 Exercising Inherent Powers 181(3)

2.4 Raising Sustainable Development Issues Proprio Motu 184(1)

3 Methods of Treaty Interpretation 185(3)

3.1 The Evolutive Approach 185(2)

3.2 Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 187(1)

4 Conclusion 188(1)

Chapter 9 Transparency and Amicus Curiae in ICSID Arbitrations 189(20)

Nathalie Bernasconi-Osterwalder

Preface 189(2)

Antonio R. Parra

1 Introduction 191(1)

2 Access to Information and Participation in Decision-Making 192(3)

3 The New ICSID Rules on Transparency and Public Participation 195(4)

4 New ICSID Rules in Practice: Biwater Gauiff v. Tanzania 199(7)

4.1 Tension between Transparency and Confidentiality in the New ICSID Rules Highlighted in Procedural Order No. 3 199(2)

4.2 The First Amicus Curiae Submission under the New ICSID Rules: Biwater v. Tanzania 201(1)

4.2.1 The Petition for Amicus Curiae Status 201(2)

4.2.2 The Tribunal's Response: Procedural Order No. 5 203(1)

4.2.2.1 Request for Leave to File a Written Submission 203(1)

4.2.2.2 Request to Access Key Arbitral Documents 204(1)

4.2.2.3 Request to Attend Oral Hearings 205(1)

4.3 The Final Award 206(1)

5 Conclusion 206(3)

Section 2 Emerging Elements of International Investment Law That Affect Sustainable Development 209(194)

Chapter 10 Development Considerations in Defining Investment 211(26)

Marek Jezewski

Preface 211(4)

Andres Rigo Sureda

1 Introduction 215(2)

2 Definition of Investment in International Treaties 217(2)

3 Limiting the Protection? ICSID Case Law on the Definition of Investment 219(13)

3.1 General Discussion by the Tribunals on the Notion of Investment 219(6)

3.2 MHS v. Malaysia 225(5)

3.2.1 The Award 230(1)

3.2.2 The Annulment Decision 230(1)

3.2.3 The Reconstruction 231(1)

4 The IISD Model Agreement on Investment 232(2)

5 Conclusions 234(3)

Chapter 11 `Fair and Equitable Treatment' and Sustainable Development 237(24)

Roland Klager

Preface 237(4)

Francisco Orrego-Vicuna

1 Introduction 241(1)

2 The Emergence of a Standard 242(7)

2.1 The Phrasing of Fair and Equitable Treatment 242(2)

2.2 The Interpretation of Fair and Equitable Treatment 244(2)

2.3 Sub-elements of Fair and Equitable Treatment 246(3)

3 Correlation to Sustainable Development 249(10)

3.1 Conceptual Parallels 249(2)

3.2 Threats to Sustainable Development 251(3)

3.3 Impetus Toward Sustainable Development 254(5)

4 Conclusion 259(2)

Chapter 12 Sustainable Development, National Treatment and Like Circumstances in Investment Law 261(34)

Kate Miles

Preface 261(4)

Armand de Mestral

1 Introduction 265(2)

2 Standards of Protection in International Investment Law 267(7)

2.1 National Treatment 268(1)

2.1.1 Like Circumstances 268(2)

2.1.2 Fact of Differentiation and Justification 270(2)

2.2 Fair and Equitable Treatment 272(1)

2.2.1 Legitimate Expectations and a Stable Legal and Business Framework 273(1)

3 Sustainable Development as Investment Treaty Violation 274(19)

3.1 Climate Change Mitigation Measures 274(1)

3.1.1 Carbon Emissions Trading: Europe 275(3)

3.1.2 Promotion of Renewable Energy 278(1)

3.1.2.1 Discrimination and Like Circumstances in Renewable Energy Incentives 279(1)

3.1.2.2 Trade: Interaction with National Treatment in Investment 279(2)

3.1.2.3 National Treatment, Pre-establishment Phase, and Climate Adaptation 281(1)

3.2 Biosafety and Host State Regulation of GMOs 282(2)

3.2.1 National Treatment and Labelling of GMos 284(3)

3.2.2 New Regulation for the Development and Management of Biotechnology 287(1)

3.2.3 Water Resources 288(1)

3.2.3.1 Corporations Engaged in Water-Intensive Operations 289(1)

3.2.3.2 Corporations Engaged in Water Extraction and Export 290(2)

3.2.3.3 Water Use Efficiency and Process-Related Distinctions 292(1)

4 Conclusion: Ways Forward? 293(2)

Chapter 13 Regulatory Expropriation and Sustainable Development 295(34)

Martins Paparinskis

Preface 295(4)

Jan Paulsson

1 Introduction 299(2)

2 Regulatory Expropriation, Sustainable Development, and International Law 301(4)

3 Regulatory Expropriation and the `Sole Effect' Perspective 305(7)

4 Regulatory Expropriation and the `Purpose' Approach 312(8)

5 Regulatory Expropriation and Sustainable Development in Contemporary Lawmaking 320(6)

6 Conclusion 326(3)

Chapter 14 Are Stabilization Clauses a Threat to Sustainable Development? 329(22)

Audley Sheppard

Antony Crockett

Preface 329(4)

Kamal Hossain

1 Introduction 333(3)

2 Taxonomy of Stabilization Clauses 336(2)

2.1 Freezing Clauses 336(1)

2.2 Compensation Clauses 337(1)

2.3 Economic Equilibrium Clauses 337(1)

2.4 Renegotiation Clauses 338(1)

3 Criticism of Stabilization Clauses 338(2)

4 The UN-IFC Report 340(1)

5 Current Drafting Trends 341(5)

5.1 Fair and Equitable Treatment and Legitimate Expectations 343(1)

5.1.1 Legitimate Expectations 343(2)

5.1.2 Compliance with Contractual Obligations 345(1)

5.1.3 Procedural Propriety and Due Process 345(1)

5.1.4 Good Faith 345(1)

6 Arbitral Awards on Stabilization Clauses and Fair and Equitable Treatment 346(2)

7 Conclusion and Recommendations 348(3)

Chapter 15 General Exceptions in International Investment Agreements 351(20)

Andrew Newcombe

Preface 351(4)

Peter Muchlinski

1 Introduction 355(3)

2 IIA Treaty Practice Relating to General Exceptions 358(3)

3 The Interpretation of Exceptions to IIA Obligations in IIA Jurisprudence 361(4)

4 Approaches to the Interpretation of General Exceptions in IIAs 365(4)

5 Conclusion 369(2)

Chapter 16 The Necessity of Sustainable Development? 371(32)

Andrea K. Bjorklund

Preface 371(2)

Christoph Schreuer

1 Introduction 373(5)

2 The History of the Necessity Doctrine 378(5)

3 Necessity and the Environment 383(13)

3.1 The Affirmative Requirements 383(1)

3.1.1 Safeguarding an Essential Interest against a Grave and Imminent Peril 383(4)

3.1.2 The `Only Means' 387(2)

3.1.3 Impairment of Essential Interests of Other States 389(2)

3.2 The Exceptions 391(1)

3.2.1 The International Obligation in Question Precludes the Use of the Defence 392(2)

3.2.2 The State Has Contributed to the Situation of Necessity 394(2)

3.2.3 Jus Cogens 396(1)

4 Consequences of Establishing a State of Necessity 396(4)

4.1 Temporality 396(2)

4.2 Compensation 398(2)

5 Conclusion 400(3)

Section 3 Sustainable Development Implications of Bilateral and Regional Investment Treaties 403(130)

Chapter 17 Investment and Water Resources: Limits to NAFTA 405(24)

Celine Levesque

Preface 405(4)

Meg Kinnear

1 Introduction 409(3)

2 Bayview Irrigation v. Mexico: The Case 412(3)

2.1 The Background 412(1)

2.2 Reasoning of the Tribunal 413(2)

3 Water Rights: The Reach of NAFTA Chapter 11 415(3)

3.1 Water as a Good in Commerce 415(2)

3.2 Water as an Investment 417(1)

4 Potential Limits to the Reach of NAFTA Chapter 11 418(8)

4.1 Territoriality 418(2)

4.2 Interaction of Treaty Regimes 420(3)

4.3 Interaction of International Law and Domestic Law 423(3)

5 Conclusion 426(3)

Chapter 18 Liberalizing Investment in the CARIFORUM-EU Economic Partnership Agreement: EU Priorities, Regional Agendas and Developmental Hegemony 429(24)

Paul James Cardwell

Duncan French

Preface 429(4)

Nico Schrijver

1 Introduction 433(2)

2 EU-ACP Relations: The Context 435(3)

3 The Cotonou Agreement: `Trade or Development', `Trade and Development' or `Development through Trade'? 438(6)

4 The CARIFORUM-EU EPA: A Meeting of Minds? 444(6)

5 Conclusion 450(3)

Chapter 19 The Asymmetrical Legalization of Investment Regimes in Africa: Lessons from Water Privatization 453(28)

Emma Saunders-Hastings

Preface 453(4)

Don McRae

1 Introduction 457(2)

2 Conditioning and Regulating Water Privatization 459(8)

3 BITs and Freshwater Management 467(8)

4 Legalization and Sustainable Development 475(4)

5 Conclusion: What's Coming Down the Pipe 479(2)

Chapter 20 Globalization and Inclusive Governance in China and India: Foreign Investment, Land Rights and Legal Empowerment of the Poor 481(32)

Kishan Khoday

Jonathan Bonnitcha

Preface 481(2)

M. Sornarajah

1 Introduction 483(2)

2 The Rise of China and India 485(3)

3 China, India and the Post-Crisis World: Beyond the Washington Consensus 488(5)

4 `China Shining': Emerging Challenges of Social Equity and Land Rights 493(8)

4.1 The Role of Special Economic Zones 494(2)

4.2 The Process of Land Acquisition 496(2)

4.3 Legal Reforms 498(3)

5 Emerging India: The World's Largest Democratic Market Economy 501(9)

6 Towards a New Deal: Social Equity and Legal Empowerment of the Poor 510(3)

Chapter 21 The Energy Charter Treaty's Investor Protection Provisions: Potential to Foster Solutions to Global Warming and Promote Sustainable Development 513(20)

Edna Sussman

Preface 513(2)

Graham Coop

1 Introduction 515(1)

2 Energy Charter Treaty Background 516(1)

3 ECT Investment Protections 517(1)

4 Dispute Resolution Provisions 518(1)

5 Applications of the ECT 519(4)

6 ECT Potential to Foster International Investment in Emerging Economies to Address Global Warming and Foster Sustainable Development 523(7)

7 United States Accession to the Energy Charter Treaty 530(1)

8 Conclusion 531(2)

Part III Future Directions 533(1)

Section 1 New Proposals for More Sustainable Investment Law 533(108)

Chapter 22 Sustainable International Investment Agreements: Challenges and Solutions for Developing Countries 535(26)

Graham Mayeda

Preface 535(4)

Susan Rose-Ackerman

1 Introduction 539(5)

2 Designing More Sustainable Investment Agreements 544(13)

2.1 Modifying Provisions Commonly Found in IIAs 545(7)

2.2 Innovations in IIA Design 552(5)

3 International Law as a Tool for Interpreting IIAs 557(2)

4 Conclusion 559(2)

Chapter 23 The IISD Model International Agreement on Investment for Sustainable Development 561(24)

Mahnaz Malik

Preface 561(4)

David Runnalls

1 Background 565(1)

2 Unique Features of the IISD Model 566(11)

2.1 Overview 566(1)

2.2 Features 567(1)

2.2.1 Articulating the Link between Investment and Sustainable Development 568(1)

2.3 Creating Rights and Obligations for Investors, Host States and Home States 569(1)

2.3.1 A Clear Articulation of Investor Rights 569(1)

2.3.2 The Introduction of Investor Obligations and Duties 570(2)

2.3.3 The Provision of Host State Obligations and Rights 572(1)

2.3.4 The Introduction of Home State Rights and Obligations 572(1)

2.4 The Development of an Institutional Framework 573(1)

2.5 Increasing the Accountability, Transparency, and Legitimacy of the Investor-State Dispute Resolution Mechanism 574(3)

3 Response to the IISD Model 577(5)

4 Conclusion 582(3)

Chapter 24 Corporate Social Responsibility and Investment Treaties 585(26)

Jarrod Hepburn

Vuyelwa Kuuya

Preface 585(4)

Christopher McCrudden

1 Introduction 589(2)

2 Definition of CSR 591(1)

3 Characteristics of CSR 592(4)

3.1 Soft Law and the Voluntary Approach to CSR 592(2)

3.2 Legal Approach to CSR 594(2)

4 CSR and Foreign Investment 596(3)

5 Recent Developments in Investment Treaties 599(10)

6 Conclusion 609(2)

Chapter 25 The Institutionalization of Investment Arbitration and Sustainable Development 611(30)

Jan Wouters

Nicolas Hachez

Preface 611(4)

Gavan Griffith

1 Introduction 615(2)

2 Characteristics of Investor-State Arbitration 617(8)

2.1 Procedural Characteristics of Investment Regimes 618(5)

2.2 Organizational Characteristics of International Investment Regimes 623(1)

2.3 The True Nature of Investment-State Arbitration 624(1)

3 Impact of Investor-State Arbitration on Sustainable Development 625(12)

3.1 Investment and Sustainable Development 625(2)

3.2 Is Investor-State Arbitration Promoting Sustainable Development? 627(1)

3.2.1 The Private Nature of Investor-State Arbitration and the Public Interest 627(1)

3.2.1.1 Is Investor-State Arbitration Biased toward Investor Protection? 627(3)

3.2.1.2 The Transparent, Democratic, and Legitimate Character of Arbitral Proceedings 630(1)

3.2.1.3 State Liability and the Granting of Damages 631(1)

3.2.1.4 Intermediate Conclusion 632(1)

3.2.2 The Promotion of the Rule of Law by Investor-State Arbitration 633(2)

3.3 How to Gear Investor-State Arbitration toward the Promotion of Sustainable Development? 635(2)

4 Conclusions 637(4)

Section 2 Investment Provisions in Other Sustainable Development Treaty Regimes 641(128)

Chapter 26 Governing Investment in Sustainable Development: Investment Mechanisms in Sustainable Development Treaties and Voluntary Instruments 643(38)

Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger

Duncan French

Preface 643(2)

Christopher Greenwood

1 Introduction 645(2)

2 Innovative International Law and Policy Mechanisms That Shape Public and Private Investment Flows 647(29)

2.1 International Mechanisms to Finance Sustainable Development 647(1)

2.1.1 The Global Environment Facility 647(5)

2.1.2 The World Bank Prototype Carbon Fund 652(2)

2.1.3 The Montreal Protocol Fund, and Its Investments into ODS-Free Projects 654(2)

2.2 Treaty Rules to Encourage More Sustainable Investment 656(1)

2.2.1 The Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism 656(2)

2.2.2 The FAO Seed Treaty's Material Transfer Agreements 658(2)

2.2.3 The Desertification Convention's National Action Plans 660(3)

2.2.4 The UNCLOS and Its Protocol on Straddling Stocks 663(3)

2.2.5 The UN Convention Against Corruption 666(2)

2.3 Regional Regimes and Their Role in Promoting Investments in Sustainable Development 668(1)

2.3.1 The North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) 668(1)

2.3.2 The Mercosur 669(1)

2.3.3 The South African Development Community 670(1)

2.3.4 The ASEAN 671(1)

2.3.5 The Cotonou Agreement 672(1)

2.4 International Policy Instruments for Socially Responsible Investment 673(1)

2.4.1 The OECD's MNE Guidelines, and the Way That These Rules Influence International Investments 673(1)

2.4.2 The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative 674(1)

2.4.3 The Equator Principles for Banks 675(1)

3 Sustainable Development Treaty Rules: Conflicts or Coherence with IIAs? 676(3)

4 Conclusions and Future Directions for Research 679(2)

Chapter 27 The Kyoto Protocol in Investor-State Arbitration: Reconciling Climate Change and Investment Protection Objectives 681(36)

Freya Baetens

Preface 681(2)

James Crawford

1 Introduction 683(2)

2 Overview of the Current Climate Change Regime 685(8)

2.1 The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 685(1)

2.2 The Kyoto Protcol 686(1)

2.2.1 Establishing an Emission Reduction Regime 686(1)

2.2.2 Implementation through the `Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms' 687(3)

2.2.3 Interaction with International Investor-State Arbitration 690(3)

3 Standards of Investment Protection versus Kyoto Objectives 693(11)

3.1 The Prohibition on Expropriation without Compensation 694(1)

3.1.1 Direct Expropriation 694(1)

3.1.2 Indirect Expropriation 694(2)

3.1.3 Potential Conflicts with Kyoto Objectives 696(2)

3.2 Substantive Standards of Treatment 698(1)

3.2.1 National Treatment, Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment, and Fair and Equitable Treatment 698(1)

3.2.2 Potential Conflicts with Kyoto Objectives 699(3)

3.3 The Prohibition on Performance Requirements 702(1)

3.3.1 Investment Clauses Regulating Performance Requirements 702(1)

3.3.2 Potential Conflicts with Kyoto Objectives 703(1)

4 Reconciling and Reinforcing Kyoto and Investment Objectives 704(10)

4.1 Reconciling Objectives: How Not to Do It 705(1)

4.2 Suggestions for Future Treaties and Contracts 706(3)

4.3 Public International Rules on Treaty Interpretation 709(1)

4.3.1 The Limits of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 709(2)

4.3.2 Re-interpretation of Existing Standards 711(1)

4.3.3 MFN and National Treatment: Narrow Application of the Ejusdem Generis Principle 712(2)

5 Conclusion 714(3)

Chapter 28 Investment Promotion and Protection in the UNCBD: An Emerging Access and Benefit Sharing Regime 717(28)

Olivier Rukundo

Jorge Cabrera

Preface 717(4)

Charles Gbedemah

1 Introduction 721(1)

2 Measures to Encourage Investments within the UNCBD 722(5)

2.1 Encouraging Public Investment 722(2)

2.2 Encouraging Private Investment 724(1)

2.2.1 Transfer of Technology 725(1)

2.2.2 Intellectual Property Rights 726(1)

3 Linking Access and Benefit Sharing and Investment 727(10)

3.1 Access and Benefit Sharing: Background and Recent Developments 727(1)

3.1.1 The CBD 728(1)

3.1.2 The Bonn Guidelines 729(1)

3.1.3 The International Regime on Access and Benefit Sharing 730(1)

3.2 Access and Benefit Sharing and Investment: Compatibility or Conflict? 730(1)

3.2.1 Non-discrimination 731(3)

3.2.2 Dispute Settlement 734(1)

3.2.3 Trade Concerns: The Limitations 735(2)

4 Other Relevant Issues linked to the IR Negotiations 737(5)

4.1 Disclosure of Origins Requirements 737(1)

4.1.1 Discussions on Disclosure Requirements in the Negotiations of the IR 738(2)

4.1.2 Disclosure of Origin/Source at the WTO 740(1)

4.2 Internationally Recognized Certificate 740(2)

4.3 Technology Transfer Provisions Developed in the IR 742(1)

5 Conclusion 742(3)

Chapter 29 Two Rivers Meet: At the Confluence of Cross-Border Water Law and Foreign Investment Law 745(24)

Paul Stanton Kibel

Jon Schutz

Preface 745(4)

Hans Christian Bugge

1 Streams of Public International Law 749(3)

2 Rio Grande Case in North America 752(13)

2.1 Rio Grande Allocation Regime under the 1944 Rivers Treaty 752(4)

2.2 Foreign Investment Terms under the 1994 NAFTA 756(1)

2.2.1 1993 NAFTA Statement on Water 756(1)

2.2.2 NAFTA Chapter 11 Defintions of Investment and Investor 757(1)

2.2.3 Dispute Settlement Mechanisms 758(1)

2.3 Texans' NAFTA Claim for Undelivered Rio Grande Water 758(4)

2.4 Government of Mexico's Response to Texans' Claims 762(1)

2.5 June 2007 Tribunal Decision 763(2)

3 Principles for Reconciling Potentially Conflicting International Treaties 765(2)

4 Conclusion 767(2)

Part IV Conclusion 769(24)

Chapter 30 Promoting Sustainable Investment through International Law 771(22)

Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger

Avidan Kent

1 Introduction 771(1)

2 The Challenge 772(12)

2.1 The Role of Procedures 774(1)

2.1.1 SIA Mechanisms 774(1)

2.1.2 Open Dispute Resolution and Public Participation 775(2)

2.2 Substantive Investment Treaty Obligations and Sustainable Development Goals 777(1)

2.2.1 National Treatment 778(1)

2.2.2 Fair and Equitable Treatment 779(2)

2.2.3 Expropriation 781(1)

2.2.4 Investment 782(1)

2.2.5 Interim Conclusion 783(1)

3 A Shift towards Integration in International Law 784(6)

3.1 A New Generation of Sustainable Development-Oriented IIAs 784(4)

3.2 The Role of Non-investment Treaties in International Investment Law 788(1)

3.3 The Interpretation of Investment Treaty Provisions in Accordance with `Non-investment' International Treaties 789(1)

4 Toward a Future Integrated Approach 790(3)
Table of Treaties 793(6)
Table of Cases 799(12)
Table of Other International Instruments 811(4)
About the CISDL 815(2)
Bibliography 817(42)
Index 859