简介
此书是世界图书出版公司出版的9卷本“泡利物理学讲义”中的第5卷,主题为波动力学。沃尔夫冈·泡利是20世纪卓越的理论物理学家,1945年诺贝尔物理学奖得主,他在原子物理学和量子力学领域做出了重要贡献,发现了“泡利不相容原理”,建立了“中微子”假说,提出了二分量波函数的概念和著名的泡利自旋矩阵,并在量子场论、固体物理等领域都做了很多杰出的工作。泡利去世后,他晚年的助手查尔斯·恩斯教授编辑修订了他生前在苏黎世联邦理工学院的授课讲义的英文版,分6卷,分别为《电动力学》《光学和电子论》《热力学和气体分子运动论》《统计力学》《波动力学》和《场量子化选讲》,英文版由The MIT Press出版。泡利年轻的时候还写过两篇重要的长达数百页的综述长文《相对论》和《量子力学的普遍原理》,直至今日仍是相对论与量子力学领域重要的经典文献。1921年,泡利为德国的《数学科学百科全书》撰写了关于相对论的长篇综述文章,爱因斯坦阅读后评价道:“任何该领域的专家都不会相信,该文出自一个年仅21岁的青年人之手,作者在文中显示出来的对这个领域的理解力、熟练的数学推导能力、对物理深刻的洞察力、使问题明晰的能力、系统的表述、对语言的把握、对该问题的完整处理及对其评价,使任何一个人都会感到羡慕。”1933年,泡利又为德国的《物理百科全书》撰写了关于量子力学的长篇综述文章,很快也成为经典。这两篇综述长文后来都以单行本的方式独立出版。在泡利生命的*后一年,他又对两书进行了全面修订,英文版分别由Pergamon Press和Springer-Verlag再次出版。我们将这两本书作为“泡利物理学讲义”的第7卷和第8卷一起出版。1994年,Springer-Verlag又出版了同样由泡利晚年助手查尔斯·恩斯教授编辑的《泡利物理哲学文集》,此书包含了泡利撰写的关于空间、时间与因果性、对称、泡利不相容原理和中微子等的21篇重在阐述科学思想与哲学的文章和演讲稿。我们将此书作为“泡利物理学讲义”的第9卷。这套“泡利物理学讲义”对高等院校的学生与研究人员深刻理解物理原理会有极大的帮助。
目录
Foreword by Victor F. Weisskopf
Preface by the Editor
Preface by the Students
Introduction
Part 1. Wave Functions of Force-Free Particles
- Association of Waves with Particles
- The Wave Function and Wave Equation
- The Uncertainty Principle
- Wave Packets and the Mechanics of Point Particles. Probability Density
- Measuring Arrangements. Discussion of Examples
- Classical Statistics and Quantum Statistics
Part 2. Description of a Particle in a Box and in Free Space
- One Particle in a Box. The Equation of Continuity
- Normalization in the Continuum. The Dirac δ-Function
- The Completeness Relation. Expansion Theorem
- Initial-Value Problem and the Fundamental Solution
Part 3. Particle in a Field of Force
- The Hamiltonian Operator
- Hermitian Operators
- Expectation Values and the Classical Equation of Motion. Commutation Relations (Commutators)
Part 4. More than One Particle
- More than One Particle
Part 5. Eigenvalue Problems. Functions of Mathematical Physics
- The Linear Harmonic Oscillator. Hermite Polynomials
- Matrix Calculus Illustrated with the Linear Harmonic Oscillator
- The Harmonic Oscillator in a Plane. Degeneracy
- The Hydrogen Atom
Part 6. Collision Processes
- Asymptotic Solution of the Scattering Problem
- The Scattering Cross Section. The Rutherford Scattering Formula
- Solution of the Force-Free Wave Equation
- Expansion of a Plane Wave in Legendre Polynomials
- Solution of the Schrödinger Equation with an Arbitrary Central Potential
- The Born Approximation
- Scattering of Low-Energy Particles
Part 7. Approximate Methods for Solving the Wave Equation
- Eigenvalue Problem of a Particle in a Uniform Field
- The WKB Method
Part 8. Matrices and Operators. Perturbation Theory
- General Relationship Between Matrices and Operators. Transformation Theory
- General Formalism of Perturbation Theory in the Matrix Representation
- Time-Dependent Perturbation
Part 9. Angular Momentum and Spin
- General Commutation Relations
- Matrix Elements of the Angular Momentum
- Spin
- Spinors and Space Rotations
Part 10. Identical Particles with Spin
- Symmetry Classes
- The Exclusion Principle
- The Helium Atom
- Collision of Two Identical Particles: Mott's Theory
- The Statistics of Nuclear Spins
Part 11. Exercises
- Fundamental Solution for Interval
- Bound States and Tunnel Effect
- Kronig-Penney Potential
- Spherical Harmonics
- Fundamental Solution for Harmonic Oscillator
- Angular Momentum
- Partial Waves
- The Symmetrical Top
Bibliography
Appendix. Comments by the Editor
Index
- 名称
- 类型
- 大小
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