机械加工常识

出版说明
序
第
1章　机械加工概述 ······························ 1
1.1　机械加工简介 ············································· 2
1.1.1　概述······················································ 2
1.1.2　机械加工的定义 ·································· 2
1.1.3　机械加工的历史 ·································· 2
1.1.4　机械加工在社会中的地位 ··················· 5
1.1.5　主要的机床 ·········································· 8
1.2　机械加工行业 ··········································· 15
1.2.1　概述···················································· 15
1.2.2　现代机械加工职业 ···························· 15
1.2.3　相关职业 ············································ 19
1.3　车间技能 ··················································· 21
1.3.1　概述···················································· 21
1.3.2　个人能力 ············································ 21
1.3.3　专业技术能力 ···································· 23
1.3.4　培训机会和方法 ································ 24
1.3.5　美国国立金属加工技术学院 ············· 25
1.3.6　如何寻找工作 ···································· 26
第
2 章　安全知识介绍 ···························· 33
2.1　概述 ··························································· 34
2.2　安全注意事项 ··········································· 34
2.3　加工环境中的着装要求 ···························· 35
2.4　个人防护设备 ··········································· 35
2.4.1　眼部防护 ············································ 36
2.4.2　听觉防护 ············································ 36
2.4.3　防毒面具 ············································ 37
2.4.4　手套···················································· 37
2.4.5　安全帽 ················································ 38
2.5　车间清洁 ··················································· 38
2.6　保护装置与物理屏障································ 39
2.7　搬运和托举 ··············································· 40
2.8　压缩气体的安全使用································ 40
2.9　挂牌
/上锁 ················································ 41
2.9.1　挂牌···················································· 41
2.9.2　上锁···················································· 42
2.10　有害物质 ················································· 42
2.11　安全数据表 ············································· 45
2.12　消防安全 ················································· 49
2.12.1　燃烧三要素 ······································ 49
2.12.2　灭火器 ·············································· 49
2.13　安全文件 ················································· 50
第
3章　测量系统和机械加工
数学概述···································· 51
3.1　概述 ··························································· 52
3.2　机械加工领域的测量系统 ························ 52
3.2.1　英制（英寸）测量系统 ·················· 52
3.2.2　米制或
SI测量系统 ··························· 52
3.3　机械加工中的数学概念与运算 ················ 52
3.3.1　分数运算 ············································ 52
3.3.2　分数的比较 ········································ 53
3.3.3　分数小数转换 ···································· 55
3.3.4　基础代数 ············································ 55
3.3.5　比例和比例式 ···································· 57
3.3.6　英制与米制的换算 ···························· 57
3.3.7　基础几何 ············································ 58
3.3.8　角度···················································· 59
3.3.9　笛卡儿坐标系 ···································· 63
3.3.10　基本三角学 ······································ 63
第
4章　半精密测量 ································ 68
4.1　概述 ··························································· 69
4.2　半精密测量的概念 ··································· 69
4.3　金属直尺 ··················································· 69
4.3.1　英制尺的读数方法 ···························· 72
4.3.2　米制尺的读数方法 ···························· 72
4.4　游标卡尺 ··················································· 73
4.5　可调直角尺 ··············································· 74
4.6　组合角度尺 ··············································· 75
4.7　角度测量 ··················································· 76
4.7.1　量角器 ················································ 76
4.7.2　斜角规 ················································ 77
4.7.3　模具制造直角规 ································ 78
4.8　固定量规 ··················································· 78
4.8.1　半径量规和圆角量规 ························ 78
4.8.2　角度量规 ············································ 78
4.8.3　螺纹量规 ············································ 79
第
5章　精密测量···································· 80
5.1　概述 ··························································· 81
5.2　精密测量的概念 ······································· 81
5.3　精密量具的保养 ······································· 81
5.4　平尺 ··························································· 81
5.5　精密固定量规 ··········································· 82
5.5.1　塞尺···················································· 82
5.5.2　塞规···················································· 82
5.5.3　环规···················································· 84
5.5.4　卡规···················································· 86
5.6　平板 ··························································· 86
5.7　直角尺 ······················································· 87
5.8　量块 ··························································· 89
5.9　游标测量工具 ··········································· 91
5.9.1　游标卡尺 ············································ 91
5.9.2　游标高度卡尺 ···································· 91
5.9.3　游标深度卡尺 ···································· 92
5.9.4　游标齿厚卡尺 ···································· 92
5.9.5　游标量角器 ········································ 92
5.9.6　游标卡尺的读数方法 ························ 92
5.10　千分尺 ····················································· 96
5.10.1　外径千分尺 ······································ 96
5.10.2　外径千分尺的读数方法 ·················· 99
5.10.3　外径千分尺的校准 ························ 102
5.10.4　内径千分尺 ···································· 103
5.10.5　深度千分尺 ···································· 104
5.11　带表和数显测量工具 ···························· 105
5.11.1　带表卡尺和数显卡尺····················· 105
5.11.2　带表高度卡尺和数显高度卡尺 ····· 107
5.11.3　带表深度卡尺和数显深度卡尺 ····· 108
5.11.4　带表内径千分尺和数显内径
千分尺 ············································ 108
5.12　精密传输或辅助测量工具 ···················· 109
5.12.1　小孔量规 ········································ 109
5.12.2　伸缩量规 ·········································110
5.12.3　可调平垫铁 ·····································111
5.13　千分表和数显表 ····································111
5.13.1　压杆式千分表的应用 ·····················113
5.13.2　杠杆式千分表的应用 ·····················114
5.14　正弦尺 ····················································115
5.14.1　窄面式正弦尺和宽面式正
弦尺 ·················································116
5.14.2　正弦台 ·············································116
5.14.3　正弦虎钳 ·········································117