Style in Fiction:A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose

prefacebyhalliday

王宗炎序

prefacebychomsky

沈家煊序

foreword

导读

acknowledgements

introduction

0.1aim

0.2languageinproseandpoetry

0.3wherelinguisticscomesin

0.4thescopeanddesignofthisbook

notes

part1:approachesandmethods

styleandchoice

1.1thedomainofstyle

1.2stylistics

1.3styleandcontent

1.3.1styleasthe'dressofthought':onekindofdualism

1.3.2styleasmannerofexpression:anotherkindofdualism

.1.3.3theinseparabilityofstyleandcontent:monism

1.4comparingmonismanddualism

1.5pluralism:analysingstyleintermsoffunctions

1.6amultilevelapproachtostyle

1.7condusion:meaningsofstyle

notes

2style,textandfrequency

2.1theproblemof'measuring'style

2.2theusesofarithmetic

2.3deviance,prominence,andliteraryrelevance

2.4relativenorms

2.5primaryandsecondarynorms

2.6internaldeviation

2.7pervasiveandlocalcharacteristicsofstyle

2.8variationsinstyle

2.9featuresofstyle

2.10stylemarkersandtheprincipleofselection

2.11conclusion

notes

amethodofanalysisandsomeexamples

3.1achecklistoflinguisticandstylisticcategories

3.2notesonthecategories

3.3josephconrad:examplei

3.4d.h.lawrence:exampleii

3.5henryjames:exampleiii

3.6conclusion

3.7quantitativeappendix

notes

4levelsofstyle

4.1languageasacognitivecode

4.2messagesandmodelsofreality

4.3anexample:katherinemansfield

4.3.1thesemanticlevel

4.3.2thesyntacticlevel

4.3.3thegraphologicallevel

4.3.4phonologicaleffects

4.4ajustificationforstudyingstylisticvariants

4.5levelsandfunctions

4.6styleandqualitativeforegrounding

4.7theremainderofthisbook

notes

partii:aspectsofstyle

5languageandthefictionalworld

5.1language,realityandrealism

5.2realityandmock-reality

5.3specificationofdetail:symbolismandrealism

5.4realspeechandfictionalspeech

5.4.1realisminconversation

5.4.2dialectandidiolect

5.4.3speechandcharacter

5.5therenderingofthefiction

5.5.1fictionalpointofview

5.5.2fictionalsequencing

5.5.3descriptivefocus

5.6.conclusion

notes

6mindstyle

6.1howlinguisticchoicesaffectmindstyle

6.2acomparisonofthreenormalmindstyles

6.3somemoreunusualmindstyles

6.4averyunusualmindstyle

6.4.1generalstructure

6.4.2lexis

6.4.3syntax

6.4.4textualrelations

notes

therhetoricoftext

7.1therhetoricoftextanddiscourse

7.2thelinearityoftext

7.3theprincipleofend-focus

7.4segmentation

7.4.1the'rhythmofprose'

7.4.2segmentationandsyntax

7.5simpleandcomplexsentences

7.5.1coordinationandsubordination

7.5.2theprincipleofclimax:'lastismostimportant'.

7.5.3periodicsentencestructure

7.5.4loosesentencestructure

7.6addresser-basedrhetoric:writingimitatingspeech

7.7iconicity:theimitationprinciple

7.7.1threeprinciplesofsequencing

7.7.2juxtaposition

7.7.3otherformsoficonicity

7.8cohesion

7.8.1cross-reference

7.8.2linkage

7.9conclusion

notes

8discourseanddiscoursesituation

8.1thediscoursesituationofhterature

8.1.1impliedauthorandimpliedreader

8.1.2authorsandnarrators

8.1.3narratorsandcharacters

8.2pointofviewandvaluelanguage

8.3multiplicityofvalues

8.4irony

8.5authorialtone

8.6conclusion

notes

9conversationinthenovel

9.1pragmaticsandtheinterpretationofconversation

9.1.1speechacts

9.1.2conversationalimplicature

9.2pragmaticsandthought

9.3'conversation'betweenauthorsandreaders

9.4anextendedpragmaticanalysis

9.5conversationaltone

9.5.1anexample:referencestopeople

9.5.2otherindicatorsofpoliteness

9.5.3politenessandformality

9.6conclusion

notes

10speechandthoughtpresentation

10.1thepresentationofspeech

10.1.1directandindirectspeech(dsandis)

10.1.2freedirectspeech(fds)

10.1.3thenarrativereportofspeechacts(nrsa)

10.1.4freeindirectspeech(fis)

10.1.5theeffectsandusesoffis

10.2thepresentationofthought

10.2.1thecategorizationofthoughtpresen-tation

10.2.2therelationshipbetweeninnerspeechandpointofview

10.2.3theusesofthecategories'ofthoughtpresentation

10.3conclusion

notes

passagesandtopicsforfurtherstudy

furtherreading

bibliography

indexofworksdiscussed

generalindex

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