How to write and illustrate a scientific paper

目录
1 Basic rules of writing写作基础
Brevity
Logic and clarity
Clean typing
2 Comments on scientific language科技语言的使用
English as a foreign language
Follow the“leitmotif”
Verbosity
He/she
Active or passive voice
Tense
Noun clusters and modifiers
Prevalence and incidence
Avoid the use of“respectively”
The“and/or” construction
Unnecessary hedging
How old is young?
Avoid synonyms to achieve elegant variation
The remote verb
3 Drafting the manuscript草稿
Write down your thoughts as they arise
Where and when to write?
The other way around
Handwriting or word processing?
4 Choosing a journal选择发表的杂志
Instructions to authors
5 Preparing a graph准备图表
The line graph
The chart
Before submission
6 Drawings绘图
7 Figure legends图例
8 How to design tables设计表格
The descriptive title
The declarative title
Rounding off
Table or graph?
9 Title标题
Whenever possible, use a declarative rather than a neutral title
Titles ending with a question mark
Begin with the keywords
Use verbs instead of abstract nouns
Avoid abbreviations in the title
A title for your thesis
Running title
10 Authors作者
Guidelines on authorship
The contributors list
A question of coauthorship
11 Abstract摘要
The conventional abstract
The structured abstract
12 Introduction前言
13 Methods方法
The subjects
Informed consent
Omissions in reporting of randomized controlled trials
14 Results结果
Participant flow and follow-up
Study outcome
15 Discussion讨论
Evaluate the results-not the authors
Avoid claiming priority
The reference-13 trick
16 Acknowledgments致谢
Always give credit for financial support
17 References参考文献
Vancouver versus Harvard style?
Accuracy of references and quotations
Your own author name
Chinese names
Anonymous
Record titles in the language of publication
Names of journals
How to refer to World Wide Web
18 Ph. D. and other doctoral theses博士学位论文
Compilations:the theses of the future
Contributors
Thesis at a glance
General introduction
Aims
Methods and results
General discussion
Acknowledgments
Cover illustration
A fresh look
The structure of the thesis overview
19 Letters and case reports快报及事例报告
The thalidomide letter
Transforming a paper into a letter
Case reports
20 Numbers数字
Two numbers side by side
Decimal point
Thousands
Numbers with several zeros
Quotients of units
Percentages
Rounding to two significant digits
Enumeration
What do we mean by “often”?
21 Abbreviations缩写词
Units of measure
General principles
22 How to present statistical results呈现统计结果
Using mean when median is meant
Using standard error instead of standard deviation
Failure to distinguish between statistical significance and biological importance
Selected presentation of multiple statistical testing
Overinterpretation of subgroup effects
Using relative instead of absolute figures
Some further comments
23 Typing打印
Do not mimic the journal’s style
The length of the manuscript
The importance of punctuation
24 Dealing with editors and referees编辑与审稿人
Do referees delay?
Unpublished work
Shortening the manuscript
Accepted or rejected
25 Correcting proofs校对
How to read proof
What to correct
Correction marks
Electronic proof
26 Authors’ responsibilities作者的职责
Subjects’right to privacy
Duplicate submission
Borrowing published material
Saving your original data
Literature needed on your desk必备参考资料
On phraseology
On synonyms
On manuscript preparation
On how to abbreviate a journal’s title
Further reading进一步阅读
Guides to writing
Punctuation
The English language
Style manuals
Illustrations
Statistics
Literature cited引用文献
Index索引